Intestinal supply of amino acids in sheep fed alkaline hydrogen peroxide-treated wheat straw-based diets supplemented with soybean meal or combinations of corn gluten meal and blood meal.

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 467 ◽  
Author(s):  
M J Cecava ◽  
N R Merchen ◽  
L L Berger ◽  
G C Fahey
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Blood Meal ◽  
Alkaline Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Corn Gluten Meal ◽  
Corn Gluten

Modifying duodenal flow of amino acids by manipulation of dietary protein sources

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Blood Meal ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Corn Gluten Meal ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Acid Protein ◽  
Corn Gluten

Four multiparous Holstein dairy cows in mid-lactation were utilized in a 4 × 4 Latin square design experiment to measure the response in intestinal amino acid profiles to progressive substitution of blood meal for corn gluten meal as the protein supplement. In addition, the influence of these protein sources on rumen fermentation and digestion as well as forestomach bacterial growth and escape were compared with a diet supplemented with soybean meal, a rapidly rumen-degraded protein source. Cows were offered a mixed silage ration of alfalfa silage (79.8% of DM) and corn silage (20.2% of DM) twice daily. Cows were also offered mixed concentrate at 123% (DM:DM) of the mixed silage ration in six equal meals per day to provide soybean meal, corn gluten meal, blood meal or a combination of the latter two sources as the primary supplemental protein source. Rumen soluble non-ammonia N concentrations were higher in cows fed soybean meal and declined linearly as blood meal substituted for corn gluten meal in the concentrate. Forestomach disappearance of N tended (P = 0.09) to be higher for the cows fed soybean meal vs. all other diets, and tended (P = 0.09) to be higher with the combined corn gluten meal and blood meal diet vs. the diets containing either alone. The latter is consistent with higher forestomach digestion of DM and OM in cows fed the combined diet. Rumen pool sizes of most DM components were lower when cows were fed soybean meal and, with the exception of N pools, increased linearly as blood meal substituted for corn gluten meal. Duodenal flow of amino acid protein was lower when cows were fed soybean meal, due mainly to reduced bacterial flow, and was lowest for the combined diet within the corn gluten meal and blood meal diets. The amino acid profile of duodenal protein differed for 12 of 17 amino acids examined when cows were fed the soybean meal diet vs. the other diets, and 12 of 17 amino acids either increased or decreased linearly as blood meal substituted for corn gluten meal. Data reported here and by previous researchers suggest an associative effect of addition of corn gluten meal and blood meal to the diet which increased rumen degradation of dietary protein. These data also show that manipulating the dietary source of supplemental protein can influence the amino acid profile of duodenally delivered amino acid protein as well as indicate that the rate of rumen degradation of individual amino acids differs among protein sources. In this study, methionine, cystine and histidine appeared to be more rapidly degraded in corn gluten meal than in blood meal, whereas glutamic acid, proline, isoleucine, threonine and lysine were more rapidly degraded in blood meal. Key words: Dairy cow, rumen bacteria, amino acid

scholarly journals True and apparent digestibility of protein and amino acids of feed in Nile tilapia

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 939-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Barbosa Ribeiro ◽  
Eduardo Arruda Teixeira Lanna ◽  
Marcos Antonio Delmondes Bomfim ◽  
Juarez Lopes Donzele ◽  
Moisés Quadros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Corn Gluten Meal ◽  
Corn Gluten ◽  
True Digestibility

It was determined in this work the coefficients of apparent and true digestibility of protein and amino acids of five feeds (corn, wheat bran, soybean meal, corn gluten meal, fish meal) in Nile tilapia. It was used 252 reverted Thai strain Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in growth phase, with weight of 310 ± 9.68 g, distributed in experimental randomized blocks design, with five treatments, six replicates per treatment and seven fish per experimental unit. Each experimental diet contained a single source of protein, composed by the studied ingredients. An additional group of fish was fed protein-free diet for quantification of the endogenous fraction and determination of true digestibility coefficients. Digestibility was estimated by the indirect method by using chromium oxide at the concentration of 0.50% of the diet as a marker, performing fecal collection at every four hour interval by using decantation technique. Coefficients of apparent digestibility of the protein and amino acids are: corn, 83.57 and 82.45%; wheat bran 82.87 and 81.47%; soybean meal 91.12 and 89.41%; corn gluten meal 90.07 and 87.78%; fish meal 83.53 and 81.65% respectively. Coefficients of true digestibility of protein and the mean of the amino acids are: corn, 90.02 and 89.60%; wheat bran 89.62 and 89.14%; soybean meal 93.58 and 91.88%; corn gluten meal 92.50 and 90.34%; fish meal 86.01 and 84.27%, respectively.

scholarly journals Standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in cereal grains and co-products in growing pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 1148-1155
Author(s):  
Su A Lee ◽  
Jong Young Ahn ◽  
Ah Reum Son ◽  
Beob Gyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Corn Gluten Meal ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Corn Gluten ◽  
Corn Gluten Feed ◽  
Gluten Feed

Objective: The objective was to determine standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA) in cereal grains and various co-products fed to growing pigs.Methods: Ten feed ingredients tested were barley (9.3% CP), lupin kernels (31.1% CP), and wheat (11.3% CP) as cereal grains, and 2 sources of corn gluten feed produced in China (21.6% CP) and Korea (24.6% CP), corn gluten meal (65.3% CP), lupin hulls (11.6% CP), rice bran (14.5% CP), soybean meal (44.8% CP), and wheat bran (15.4% CP) as co-products. Ten experimental diets were formulated to contain each ingredient as a sole source of N and an N-free diet was used to correct basal endogenous losses of CP and AA. All diets also contained 0.5% Cr2O3 as an indigestible index. A replicated 11×6 incomplete Latin square design with 11 dietary treatments, 6 periods, and 22 animals was employed. Twenty-two barrows with an initial body weight of 64.6±4.9 kg were equipped with a T-cannula in the distal ileum. An experimental period consisted of a 4-d adaptation period and a 2-d collection period.Results: The SID of CP in the barley, lupin kernels, wheat, 2 sources of corn gluten feed, corn gluten meal, lupin hulls, rice bran, soybean meal, and wheat bran were 84.7%, 90.5%, 90.4%, 77.4%, 74.6%, 89.5%, 90.4%, 74.4%, 86.9%, and 63.4% (standard error of the mean [SEM] = 5.3, p = 0.006), respectively. The respective SID values of Lys were 75.5%, 88.4%, 83.9%, 74.7%, 62.4%, 80.3%, 83.9%, 78.5%, 88.0%, and 71.2% (SEM = 3.3, p<0.001), and the SID values of Met were 83.6%, 88.7%, 89.4%, 85.7%, 78.3%, 88.9%, 89.4%, 85.3%, 91.1%, and 77.0% (SEM = 2.4, p<0.001), respectively.Conclusion: The ileal digestibility of protein and amino acids varies among the feed ingredients fed to pigs.

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