scholarly journals Intra-arterial injection of bradykinin produces reflex cardiorespiratory changes involving histamine receptors in anesthetized rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 174-180
Author(s):  
Sanjeev K. Singh ◽  
Maloy B. Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Minute Volume ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Reflex Responses ◽  
Anesthetized Rats ◽  
H2 Receptors ◽  
Pheniramine Maleate ◽  
Pre Treatment

Objectives: It is well known that intra-arterial injection of nociceptive agent produces vasosensory reflex responses altering cardiorespiratory parameters. The role of various inflammatory mediators is also implicated in the regulation of these reflex responses. However, the role of histamine in this regard is not clear. This study was performed to understand the role of H1 and H2 receptors in modulating the cardiorespiratory responses evoked after i.a. injection of bradykinin (BK). Materials and Methods: Male albino rats were anesthetized with an intra-peritoneal injection of urethane (1.5 g/kg). Tracheostomy was performed to keep the respiratory tract patent. The femoral artery was cannulated proximally by pediatric i.v. cannula (24 G, double ported). This cannulation was used for the blood pressure (BP) recording as well as for the drugs instillation as it contains double port with injection valve. The effect of BK (1 µM) on BP, electrocardiographic, and respiration was recorded for 30 min. The respiratory frequency, respiratory minute volume, mean arterial pressure, and heart rate were computed from the original tracings and the data were presented as mean ± SEM. Results: Intra-arterial injection of BK produced immediate hyperventilatory (50% from initial), hypotensive (40% from initial), and bradycardiac responses (17% from initial) of shorter latency (5–8 s) indicating the neural mechanisms in producing the responses. Pre-treatment with pheniramine maleate significantly attenuated the BK-induced hyperventilatory (11% from initial), hypotensive (8% from initial), and bradycardiac responses (2% from initial). Conclusion: Our data provide evidences for the involvement of H1 and H2 receptors in producing the BK-induced vasosensory reflex responses modulating the cardiovascular parameters in anesthetized rats.

Intra-arterial instillation of a nociceptive agent modulate cardiorespiratory parameters involving 5-HT3 and TRPV1 receptors in anesthetized rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjeev K. Singh ◽  
M. S. Muthu ◽  
Ravindran Revand ◽  
M. B. Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Sensory Nerve ◽  
Receptor Potential ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid ◽  
Anesthetized Rats ◽  
Trpv1 Receptors ◽  
Perivascular Nerves ◽  
Transient Receptor

Background: Since long back, it has been a matter of discussion regarding the role of peripheral blood vessels in regulation of cardiorespiratory (CVR) system. Objective: The role of 5-HT3 and TRPV1 receptors present on perivascular nerves in elicitation of CVR reflexes was examined after intra-arterial instillation of bradykinin in urethane anesthetized rats. Materials and Methods: Femoral artery was cannulated retrogradely and was utilized for the instillation of saline/agonist/antagonist and recording of blood pressure (BP), using a double ported 24G cannula. BP, respiration and ECG were recorded for 30 min after bradykinin (1 µM) in the absence or presence of antagonists. Results: Instillation of bradykinin produced immediate hypotensive (40%), bradycardiac (17%), tachypnoeic (45%) and hyperventilatory (96%) responses of shorter latencies (5-8 s) favoring the neural mechanisms in producing the responses. In lignocaine (2%) pretreated animals, bradykinin-induced hypotensive (10%), bradycardiac (1.7%), tachypnoeic (13%) and hyperventilatory (13%) responses attenuated significantly. Pretreatment with ondansetron (100 µg/kg), 5-HT3-antagonist attenuated the hypotensive (10%), bradycardiac (1.7%), tachypnoeic (11%) and hyperventilatory (11%) responses significantly. Pretreatment with capsazepine (1 mg/kg), transient receptor potential vanilloid 1- antagonist blocked the hypotensive (5%), bradycardiac (1.2%), tachypnoeic (6%) and hyperventilatory (6%) responses significantly. Conclusion: In conclusion, presence of a nociceptive agent in the local segment of an artery evokes vasosensory reflex responses modulating CVR parameters involving TRPV1 and 5-HT3 receptors present on the perivascular sensory nerve terminals in anesthetized rats.

ROLE OF ANGIOTENSIN III IN THE REGULATION OF BLOOD PRESSURE, PLASMA ALDOSTERONE AND PLASMA RENIN ACTIVITY IN RABBIT

1978 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikuo Saito ◽  
Takao Saruta ◽  
Toyohisa Eguchi ◽  
Kazuoki Kondo ◽  
Ryuichi Nakamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Plasma Aldosterone ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Pressure Plasma ◽  
Angiotensin Iii ◽  
Pre Treatment

ABSTRACT To evaluate the role of angiotensin III in the control of blood pressure, plasma aldosterone and plasma renin activity (PRA), the pressor, steroidogenic and PRA-suppressing effect of angiotensin III was studied in rabbits with or without simultaneous constant infusion of Ile7-angiotensin III, an analogue of angiotensin III, or Sar1Ala8-angiotensin II, an analogue of angiotensin II, and compared with the effect of angiotensin II. Infusion of 30 ng/kg/min of angiotensin III or angiotensin II produced a twofold increase in plasma aldosterone. Pressor response to angiotensin III was approximately one tenth of that of angiotensin II. Infusion of angiotensin II suppressed the PRA significantly, while infusion of angiotensin III did not suppress it. Angiotensin II or angiotensin III induced-increase in plasma aldosterone was attenuated by the pretreatment with either Ile7-angiotensin III or Sar1Ala8-angiotensin II. Pressor or PRA-suppressing action of angiotensin II was unaffected by the pre-treatment with Ile7-angiotensin III, while it was significantly inhibited by pre-treatment with Sar1Ala8-angiotensin II. This study indicates that angiotensin III or angiotensin III analogues affect the adrenal glands selectively and suggests that there are differences between the receptor sites for angiotensins in vascular smooth muscle, kidney and those in the adrenal cortex.

scholarly journals Ipsilateral somatic nerves mediate histamine-induced vasosensory reflex responses involving perivascular afferents in rat models

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravindran Revand ◽  
Sanjeev K. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Matched Control ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Vagus Nerves ◽  
Reflex Responses ◽  
Hind Limbs ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Bilateral Vagotomy ◽  
Pre Treatment

AbstractReflex cardiorespiratory alterations elicited after instillation of nociceptive agents intra-arterially (i.a) are termed as ‘vasosensory reflex responses’. The present study was designed to evaluate such responses produced after i.a. instillation of histamine (1 mM; 10 mM; 100 mM) and to delineate the pathways i.e. the afferents and efferents mediating these responses. Blood pressure, electrocardiogram and respiratory excursions were recorded before and after injecting saline/histamine, in a local segment of femoral artery in urethane anesthetized rats. Paw edema and latencies of responses were also estimated. Separate groups of experiments were conducted to demonstrate the involvement of somatic nerves in mediating histamine-induced responses after ipsilateral femoral and sciatic nerve sectioning (+NX) and lignocaine pre-treatment (+Ligno). In addition, another set of experiments was performed after bilateral vagotomy (+VagX) and the responses after histamine instillation were studied. Histamine produced concentration-dependent hypotensive, bradycardiac, tachypnoeic and hyperventilatory responses of shorter latencies (2–7 s) favouring the neural mechanisms in eliciting the responses. Instillation of saline (time matched control) in a similar fashion produced no response, excluding the possibilities of ischemic/stretch effects. Paw edema was absent in both hind limbs indicating that the histamine did not reach the paws and did not spill out into the systemic circulation. +NX, +VagX, +Ligno attenuated histamine-induced cardiorespiratory responses significantly. These observations conclude that instillation of 10 mM of histamine produces optimal vasosensory reflex responses originating from the local vascular bed; afferents and efferents of which are mostly located in ipsilateral somatic and vagus nerves respectively.

scholarly journals Effects of Nifedipine on Renal and Cardiovascular Responses to Neuropeptide Y in Anesthetized Rats

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (15) ◽  
pp. 4460
Author(s):  
Angela Bischoff ◽  
Martina Stickan-Verfürth ◽  
Martin C. Michel
Keyword(s):  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Receptor Subtypes ◽  
Y1 Receptor ◽  
Mediated Effects ◽  
Anesthetized Rats ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Multiple Receptor ◽  
Ca2 Channels

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) acts via multiple receptor subtypes termed Y1, Y2 and Y5. While Y1 receptor-mediated effects, e.g., in the vasculature, are often sensitive to inhibitors of L-type Ca2+ channels such as nifedipine, little is known about the role of such channels in Y5-mediated effects such as diuresis and natriuresis. Therefore, we explored whether nifedipine affects NPY-induced diuresis and natriuresis. After pre-treatment with nifedipine or vehicle, anesthetized rats received infusions or bolus injections of NPY. Infusion NPY (1 µg/kg/min) increased diuresis and natriuresis, and this was attenuated by intraperitoneal injection of nifedipine (3 µg/kg). Concomitant decreases in heart rate and reductions of renal blood flow were not attenuated by nifedipine. Bolus injections of NPY (0.3, 1, 3, 10 and 30 μg/kg) dose-dependently increased mean arterial pressure and renovascular vascular resistance; only the higher dose of nifedipine (100 μg/kg/min i.v.) moderately inhibited these effects. We conclude that Y5-mediated diuresis and natriuresis are more sensitive to inhibition by nifedipine than Y1-mediated renovascular effects. Whether this reflects a general sensitivity of Y5 receptor-mediated responses or is specific for diuresis and natriuresis remains to be investigated.

Pre-emptive Analgesia for Postoperative Pain Relief in Children – Role of Paracetamol

2009 ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Rubina Yasmin ◽  
AKM Akhtaruzzaman ◽  
Paresh Chandra Sarker ◽  
Neaz Ahmed ◽  
Ranadhir Kumar Kundu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Postoperative Pain ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
Prospective Clinical Study ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Induction Of Anaesthesia

This prospective clinical study was carried out in the Dept. of Anaesthesia, Analgesia and Intensive Care Medicine, BSMMU, Dhaka, during the period of May 2003 to July 2003. The study was done to emphasize the importance of giving analgesics preemptively instead of waiting for the child to complain of pain and to produce smooth recovery after surgery by decreasing immediate postoperative pain in children by a simple, safe acceptable drug. The children scheduled for tonsillectomy under general anaesthesia were recruited in this study. The analgesic efficiency of rectal paracetamol in two doses, 25 mg/kg bodywt.(Gr-P25) and 50 mg/kg. bodywt. (Gr-P50) were compared with Diclofenac Sodium suppository 1mg/ kg body weight (Gr-D) given half an hour before induction of anaesthesia. Pain scoring was done by TPPPS (Toddler Pre-schooler postoperative pain scale). Heart rate and blood pressure were stable in Gr-P50 and Gr-D. Time of first demand of analgesic was delayed in Gr-P50 and Gr-D. Total paracetamol consumption in 24 hours was less in Gr-P50(181±14.25) and Gr-D (212±25) than Gr-P25(318± 26.39). Total duration of analgesia in Gr- P50 (657±9.94) mins. and in Gr- D(502±10.63) mins. and in Gr-P25(288±23.17) mins. Pre-emptive high dose rectal paracetamol appears to be more effective than diclofenac sodium suppository for postoperative analgesia in children undergoing tonsillectomy. Journal of BSA, Vol. 18, No. 1 & 2, 2005 p.9-16

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