scholarly journals Orthodontic management of impacted maxillary canines

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 64-71
Author(s):  
Krister Bjerklin
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Clinical Supervision ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Root Resorption ◽  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Dental Arch ◽  
Asian Populations ◽  
Opposite Trend ◽  
Radiographic Investigation

The prevalence of impacted maxillary canines is 2–3%. In Caucasian populations, it is reported to be more palatally displaced than buccally, with the opposite trend seen in Asian populations. At the ages of 9–11 years, the position of the canine germ should be diagnosed, for most children through clinical supervision. In 7–10% of children, the clinical investigation must be supplemented with radiographic investigation, in most cases with intraoral radiographs. About 50% of impacted canines cause root resorption of the adjacent teeth. To detect the severity of resorption, cone-beam computed tomography is necessary. Root resorptions on incisor roots occur most often at 11–12 years of age. Early diagnosis of ectopically positioned maxillary canines is very important. In cases with palatally displaced canines and no root resorptions, extraction of the primary canines has been found in different studies to give good results. If the permanent canine has not started to normalize its position within 12 months, orthodontic treatment must be taken in consideration. Often, this is done by surgical exposure and orthodontic traction of the canine out into the dental arch.

scholarly journals Root resorption diagnosed with cone beam computed tomography after 6 months and at the end of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances

2012 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Makedonas ◽  
Henrik Lund ◽  
Ken Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Root Resorption ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
Maxillary Incisor ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Fixed Appliances

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the prevalence of orthodontically induced root resorption after treatment and the correlation with resorption found after 6 months of treatment. Materials and Methods: One hundred fifty-six patients (11–18 years) treated with fixed appliances and extraction of four premolars were examined with cone beam computed tomography before treatment, after 6 months of treatment (n  =  97), and at the end of active treatment. The Malmgren Index was used to describe the degree of root resorption. Results: Severe root resorption (>2 mm, score 3) was found in 25.6% of the patients at the end of treatment. Extreme root resorption was found in one patient. Root resorption was seen more frequently in the maxillary incisor region. There was no correlation between the severity of root resorption after 6 months and the amount observed at the end of treatment. Furthermore, no correlation was seen between treatment duration and the severity of root resorption. Conclusions: Clinically significant resorption was diagnosed in 25.6% of the patients, but no correlations, either with the resorption seen after 6 months or with the length of treatment, were found. Radiographic examination after 3 to 6 months of orthodontic treatment is too early and will not reduce the number of patients who will have teeth with severe root resorption.

scholarly journals Apical root resorption due to orthodontic treatment detected by cone beam computed tomography

2012 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iury O. Castro ◽  
Ana H. G. Alencar ◽  
José Valladares-Neto ◽  
Carlos Estrela
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Root Resorption ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Apical Root Resorption ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Before And After

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the frequency of apical root resorption (ARR) due to orthodontic treatment using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in a sample of 1256 roots from 30 patients. Materials and Methods: All patients had Class I malocclusion with crowding. Of the 30 patients evaluated, 11 were boys and 19 were girls; their mean age was 13 years (11 to 16 years). Orthodontic treatment followed the nonextraction treatment. CBCT images were obtained before and after orthodontic treatment, and ARR was determined using Axial Guided Navigation of CBCT images. Results: All patients had ARR. No statistically significant association was found between resorption frequency, gender, and age. ARR was detected using CBCT in 46% of all roots that underwent orthodontic treatment. Conclusions: CBCT was effective for detecting in vivo even minimal degrees of ARR due to orthodontic treatment and allowed three-dimensional evaluation of dental roots and visualization of palatine roots of maxillary molars. The highest frequencies and the most significant ARR occurred in incisors and distal roots of first maxillary and mandibular molars.

scholarly journals Cone beam computed tomography for the diagnosis of external root resorption associated with orthodontic treatment: A review.

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. e037
Author(s):  
Mariela Burgos-Urey ◽  
Jhoana Mercedes Llaguno-Rubio
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Root Resorption ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
External Root Resorption ◽  
Management Protocol

External root resorption (ERR) is a highly prevalent, multifactorial problem frequently associated with orthodontic treatment. Treatment is complex due to the lack of solid knowledge regarding predisposing factors, systematic management for diagnosis and follow-up protocols or thefundamental theoretical bases of adequate imaging tools for each situation. This review describes the indications of the use of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and the factors related to its development and the characteristics of the techniques used in the diagnosisand monitoring of ERR in orthodontics. We compared the advantages and disadvantages of CBCT based on the risk/benefits. Methods: We have reviewed and summarized the information and the risk factors available on ERR in orthodontics and the use of CBCT in the diagnosis and follow-up of ERR with the aim of developing a management protocol. Likewise, CBCT is compared with other imaging techniques frequently used in ERR. The articles reviewed in this study coincide in terms of the advantages of precision of CBCT in the detection and linear and volumetric measurement of ERR associated with orthodontics over two-dimensional techniques. However, CBCT cannot completely replace other imaging techniques since its effectiveness is not significantly greater in cases with moderate ERR compromise. The use of CBCT should be optimized following specific criteria for its application. 

scholarly journals Long-term evaluation of apical root resorption after orthodontic treatment using periapical radiography and cone beam computed tomography

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 104-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jairo Curado de Freitas ◽  
Olavo César Porto Lyra ◽  
Ana Helena Gonçalves de Alencar ◽  
Carlos Estrela
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Root Resorption ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Posterior Teeth ◽  
Apical Root Resorption ◽  
Mandibular Molar ◽  
Periapical Radiography

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the frequency of Apical Root Resorption (ARR) after orthodontic treatment at 52-288 months using periapical radiography (PR) and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). METHODS: Radiographic images obtained from 58 patients, before (T1) and after orthodontic treatment (T2), and following 52-288 months of treatment were analyzed by three members of the Brazilian Board of Orthodontics. Apical structures were evaluated by PR images (T2 and T3), using Levander and Malmgren scores. The presence of ARR on CBCT images were detected only at T3. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used for statistical analyses, and the level of significance was set at 5%. Kappa statistics determined interobserver agreement. RESULTS: The more frequent ARR were with scores 1 in T2 (51.6%) and T3 (53.1%), when evaluated by PR (p > 0.05). When compared the frequencies of ARR in T3 among PR and CBCT images, the differences were significant for maxillary and mandibular pre-molar groups, and for mandibular molar group (p > 0.05). The teeth with highest frequency of ARR presence using CBCT images were maxillary lateral incisors (94.5%) and mandibular central incisors (87.7%), while the premolars showed the lowest frequency. The CBCT images showed that the teeth involved in orthodontic treatment with extraction present higher ARR frequency (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: PR showed more frequency of ARR in posterior teeth groups when compared with CBCT images. ARR did not change in long-term post treatment.

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