scholarly journals The role of AI and machine learning in contemporary orthodontics

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 74-80
Author(s):  
Jean-Marc Retrouvey
Keyword(s):  
Tooth Movement ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
General Intelligence ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
The Past ◽  
Appropriate Treatment

In the past 20 years, the orthodontic profession has adopted digital technologies such as computer-assisted tooth movement, automated staged dental aligner production, and 3D simulations. Until recently, the use of artificial intelligence (AI) was limited to narrow intelligence and supervised “learning” such as automated cephalometric point recognition, segmentation of teeth from 3D files, and staging of orthodontic treatment. The next step will be to create neural networks based on general intelligence (the human intelligence is considered general intelligence), where the network using powerful computers and complex algorithms will “learn” orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning to suggest the most appropriate treatment plan for optimized treatments and more predictable outcomes. The objectives of this paper are to describe the state of the art in AI and orthodontics and explore potential avenues for future developments and applications.

scholarly journals Directions for the future of technology in pronunciation research and teaching

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Grantham O’Brien ◽  
Tracey M. Derwing ◽  
Catia Cucchiarini ◽  
Debra M. Hardison ◽  
Hansjörg Mixdorff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Teaching Resources ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Research And Teaching ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Point Of Departure

Abstract This paper reports on the role of technology in state-of-the-art pronunciation research and instruction, and makes concrete suggestions for future developments. The point of departure for this contribution is that the goal of second language (L2) pronunciation research and teaching should be enhanced comprehensibility and intelligibility as opposed to native-likeness. Three main areas are covered here. We begin with a presentation of advanced uses of pronunciation technology in research with a special focus on the expertise required to carry out even small-scale investigations. Next, we discuss the nature of data in pronunciation research, pointing to ways in which future work can build on advances in corpus research and crowdsourcing. Finally, we consider how these insights pave the way for researchers and developers working to create research-informed, computer-assisted pronunciation teaching resources. We conclude with predictions for future developments.

Jerzy Topolski’s Marxist Anthropocentrism

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-377
Author(s):  
Ewa Domańska ◽  
Paul Vickers
Keyword(s):  
Historical Materialism ◽  
Philosophy Of History ◽  
Marxist Theory ◽  
Collective Agency ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World ◽  
Separate Discipline

Abstract In this article I demonstrate that the ideas outlined in Jerzy Topolski’s Methodology of History (Polish 1968, English translation 1976) could not only offer a reference point for and indeed enrich ongoing debates in the philosophy of history, but also help to set directions for future developments in the field. To support my argument, I focus on two themes addressed in Topolski’s work: 1) the understanding of the methodology of history as a separate discipline and its role both in defending the autonomy of history and in creating an integrated knowledge of the past, which I read here through the lens of the current merging of the humanities and natural sciences; and 2) the role of a Marxist anthropocentrism based on the notion of humans as the creators of history, which I consider here in the context of the ongoing critique of anthropocentrism. I point to the value of continuing to use concepts drawn from Marxist vocabulary, such as alienation, emancipation, exploitation and overdetermination, for interpreting the current state of the world and humanity. I stress that Marxist anthropocentrism, with its support for individual and collective agency, remains crucial to the creation of emancipatory theories and visions of the future, even if it has faced criticism for its Eurocentrism and might seem rather familiar and predictable when viewed in the context of the contemporary humanities. Nevertheless, new manifestations of Marxist theory, in the form of posthumanist Marxism and an interspecies historical materialism that transcends anthropocentrism, might play an important role in redefining the humanities and humanity, including its functions and tasks within human and multispecies communities.

scholarly journals The future of multimodal corpora

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawn Knight
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Linguistics ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
Multimodal Corpora ◽  
The Future ◽  
Multimodal Corpus ◽  
Critical Overview

This paper takes stock of the current state-of-the-art in multimodal corpus linguistics, and proposes some projections of future developments in this field. It provides a critical overview of key multimodal corpora that have been constructed over the past decade and presents a wish-list of future technological and methodological advancements that may help to increase the availability, utility and functionality of such corpora for linguistic research.

scholarly journals MODERN ASPECTS OF CERVICAL CANCER TREATMENT IN PREGNANCY

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-72
Author(s):  
M. O Silkina ◽  
Elena A. Sosnova
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Gynecologic Oncology ◽  
Tumor Stage ◽  
Individual Treatment ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
The Past ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Gynecologic Tumors

Cervical cancer during pregnancy is the actual problem of XXI century in the gynecologic oncology. Statistics data have shown that cervical cancer takes the first place among gynecologic tumors associated with pregnancy. During the past decade a treatment plan for such patients has significantly changed in a favor of pregnancy prolonging and possibility to deliver a healthy child. We have made an informational analysis of PubMed database for 2010-2018 to assess an individual treatment of patient with diagnosed cervical cancer while prenatal screening and revealed progressive and effective therapeutic methods regarding tumor stage and gestational age. Based on learnt scientific articles and literature we have established that now the most appropriate treatment approach is managing platinum-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy to decrease a tumor size and performing opened or laparoscopic uterus-preserving surgeries during pregnancy if needed.

scholarly journals Computer-assisted detection and classification of misinformation about climate change

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Travis Coan ◽  
Constantine Boussalis ◽  
John Cook ◽  
Mirjam Nanko
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Science ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Think Tank ◽  
Detailed History ◽  
The Past ◽  
Computer Assisted Detection ◽  
History Of

A growing body of scholarship investigates the role of misinformation in shaping the debate on climate change. Our research builds on and extends this literature by 1) developing and validating a comprehensive taxonomy of climate misinformation, 2) conducting the largest content analysis to date on contrarian claims, 3) developing a computational model to accurately detect specific claims, and 4) drawing on an extensive corpus from conservative think-tank (CTTs) websites and contrarian blogs to construct a detailed history of misinformation over the past 20 years. Our study finds that climate misinformation produced by CTTs and contrarian blogs has focused on attacking the integrity of climate science and scientists and, increasingly, has challenged climate policy and renewable energy. We further demonstrate the utility of our approach by exploring the influence of corporate and foundation funding on the production and dissemination of specific contrarian claims.

scholarly journals Cartography Through the Years – Personal Views About a Young Science

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Kainz
Keyword(s):  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Identity Crisis ◽  
Professional Life ◽  
Gis Mapping ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Map Projections ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
The 1960S

Abstract. Although cartographic products have been produced for thousands of years, cartography as a science has only been established in the early 20th century. Great works of cartography include, for instance, the conic map projections by Ptolemy, the Tabula Rogeriana by Idrisi, the Waldseemüller map, and the Mercator map. Numerous cartographers, predominantly mathematicians, have shaped the theory of map projections throughout the centuries.With the advent of geographic information systems (GIS) in the 1960s and the rapid developments of digital technologies, cartography found itself in the middle of an identity crisis. For some time, it was not clear whether cartography would become obsolete and be replaced by GIS mapping technologies or whether GIS is a novel manifestation of cartography. During this period various misconceptions about the role of maps and mapping as well as uncertainty about the future developments of mapping in general added to this confusion.This contribution elaborates the major characteristics of cartography versus other disciplines, in particular geography and GIS, and takes a look at possible future directions and developments with regard to the theory of cartography as well as novel and future display technologies. Personal observations of the author during his professional life since the early 1980s illustrate these developments.

scholarly journals Post-Pandemic City: Historical Context for New Urban Design

2020 ◽  
pp. 94-108
Author(s):  
Veaceslav MIR
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Past ◽  
The City

Cities have been almost completely unprepared for the COVID-19 pandemic. Urban history has known many epidemics and pandemics, and there are clear historical parallels between the 13th and 19th century plague pandemics and cholera epidemics and the 21th century COVID-19 pandemic, from an administrative point of view. However, the cities’ public administration did not take into account the experience of the cities of the past to be prepared for the future problems. This requires developing flexible pandemic strategies and focusing on the decentralization of urban space through an even distribution of population in the urban environment. The COVID-19 pandemic will change the city, as previous pandemics and epidemics did. Urbanism v.3.0. will emerge, combining a green vector of development and digital technologies to ensure the autonomy and sustainability of buildings, districts and cities. At the same time, the role of culture will increase, which will become an effective tool for consolidating the soft power of the city in order to attract new people as the opposition of nowadays trend for living in the countryside.

scholarly journals News about the Role of the Transcription Factor REST in Neurons: From Physiology to Pathology

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose M. Garcia-Manteiga ◽  
Rosalba D’Alessandro ◽  
Jacopo Meldolesi
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
The Other ◽  
Brain Diseases ◽  
Strong Decrease ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
The Past

RE-1 silencing transcription factor (REST) (known also as NRSF) is a well-known transcription repressor whose strong decrease induces the distinction of neurons with respect to the other cells. Such distinction depends on the marked increased/decreased expression of specific genes, accompanied by parallel changes of the corresponding proteins. Many properties of REST had been identified in the past. Here we report those identified during the last 5 years. Among physiological discoveries are hundreds of genes governed directly/indirectly by REST, the mechanisms of its neuron/fibroblast conversions, and the cooperations with numerous distinct factors induced at the epigenetic level and essential for REST specific functions. New effects induced in neurons during brain diseases depend on the localization of REST, in the nucleus, where functions and toxicity occur, and in the cytoplasm. The effects of REST, including cell aggression or protection, are variable in neurodegenerative diseases in view of the distinct mechanisms of their pathology. Moreover, cooperations are among the mechanisms that govern the severity of brain cancers, glioblastomas, and medulloblastomas. Interestingly, the role in cancers is relevant also for therapeutic perspectives affecting the REST cooperations. In conclusion, part of the new REST knowledge in physiology and pathology appears promising for future developments in research and brain diseases.

scholarly journals Injectable wireless microdevices: challenges and opportunities

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Khalifa ◽  
Sunwoo Lee ◽  
Alyosha Christopher Molnar ◽  
Sydney Cash
Keyword(s):  
Medical Devices ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Implantable Devices ◽  
Implantable Medical Devices ◽  
New Class ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
The Past ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Injection Techniques ◽  
Review State

AbstractIn the past three decades, we have witnessed unprecedented progress in wireless implantable medical devices that can monitor physiological parameters and interface with the nervous system. These devices are beginning to transform healthcare. To provide an even more stable, safe, effective, and distributed interface, a new class of implantable devices is being developed; injectable wireless microdevices. Thanks to recent advances in micro/nanofabrication techniques and powering/communication methodologies, some wireless implantable devices are now on the scale of dust (< 0.5 mm), enabling their full injection with minimal insertion damage. Here we review state-of-the-art fully injectable microdevices, discuss their injection techniques, and address the current challenges and opportunities for future developments.

ROLE OF EMOTIONAL LAYER IN MUSEUM EXPERIENCE. NARRATION ON THE HOLOCAUST IN CONTEMPORARY HISTORICAL MUSEUM

2012 ◽  
Vol 165 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-185
Author(s):  
Elżbieta NIEROBA
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Pop Culture ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Museum Experience ◽  
Mechanisms Of Memory

The starting point for the discussion are the concepts of Pierre Nora and Alison Landsberg. According to P. Nora, the passing away of eyewitnesses to history transfers the obligation to store the traces of the past onto archiving institutions (including museums). A. Landsberg, in turn, reveals the process in which the mechanisms of memory shaping in the contemporary society become dependent on the state-of-the-art technologies and pop-culture products. Museums of the Holocaust are searching for an appropriate language to talk about the Holocaust in a situation where, like other museum institutions, they have to adjust to the new expectations of the audience, and tailor their space and ways of exhibition to the current cultural conditions and new means of learning. Empirical investigations have proven that nowadays receivers do not merely expect to approach the past intellectually, but also to cross the passive boundary of observation, and desire to have sensual experience of history. From this perspective, the Auschwitz-Birkenau Memorial and Museum as a physical trace of the past, in accordance with Aleida Assmann’s concept of “a memory of place”, provides the visitors with sensual and emotional experience. In its further part, the article presents strategies for using the products of popular culture for processing and describing historical events, the ways of organizing museum space which affects the emotions and the imagination of receivers and invites them to discover history for themselves. Also, it discusses the resulting concerns about the potential trivialization of the communicated message.

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