scholarly journals Effects of Seed Harvest Time on Embryo Development and Seed Germination in Musa velutina Wendl. ^|^amp; Drude

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-215
Author(s):  
Shingo NAGANO ◽  
Genjiro MORI ◽  
Masayuki ODA
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Seed Harvest ◽  
Musa Velutina

scholarly journals Harvest times and seed germination of three safflower genotypes

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andréia Rodrigues Ramos ◽  
Doglas Bassegio ◽  
João Nakagawa ◽  
Maurício Dutra Zanotto
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Hot And Humid Climates ◽  
Seed Harvest ◽  
Total Seed ◽  
Seed Water Content ◽  
Made In

ABSTRACT: The safflower (Carthamus tinctoriusL.) has an uneven flowering and fruiting, which can cause problems in seed production and harvesting in regions with hot and humid climates. However, little is known about the optimal safflower harvest time. Therefore, this study evaluated the optimumtiming for seed harvest of three safflower genotypes (2106, S-325, and 7329).The experiment was a randomized complete block design with six replications. The harvest started 16 days after flowering (DAF) and ended at 52 DAF. Ten harvests were made in total. Seed water content, seeds fresh and dry matter, seed germination, and first germination counts were evaluated.Genotypes 2106 and 7329 had germination rates of 79% and 91%, respectively, at 34 and 38 DAF, while genotype S-325 had 90% germination at 37 DAF. Harvesting at 52 DAF combined with a rainy season impaired the germination of safflower seeds. The harvest time most suitable for safflower occurred between 34 and 42DAF, when the seeds have the seed water content between 26% and 33%.

Studies of seed production in two Austrodanthonia grass cultivars

2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 1197 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Lodge
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
N Application ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Early Harvest

Studies were conducted in 1993–94 on 2 native grass cultivars, Austrodanthonia richardsonii (Link) H.P.�Linder (syn. Danthonia richardsonii Cashmore) cv. Taranna and A. bipartita (Link) H.P. Linder (syn. D. linkii Kunth) cv. Bunderra, to quantify the important morphological factors affecting seed production (as measured by seed weight, g/plant). Experiments also examined the influence of nitrogen (N) application and investigated the effects of time and method of harvest on seed production and subsequent germination. For both cultivars, inflorescence and floret number accounted for the highest proportion of the variation in seed production per plant (R2 = 0.873 and 0.686 for Taranna and Bunderra, respectively). Although N applied (0, 25, and 50 kg/ha) at the late vegetative or early flowering stage, or split applications at both times, had no significant effect (P > 0.05) on the seed production per plant of Taranna and Bunderra, further studies of N effects are required. In 1993 and 1994, time of inflorescence harvest and method of harvest had no significant effect on inflorescence number and seed production of Taranna and Bunderra and no significant effect on the subsequent germination of Bunderra seed. However, in 1993, harvesting at an early stage of flowering (10% of florets white and fluffy) reduced Taranna seed production by 17% compared with the mean and decreased (P < 0.05) seed germination by about 10%. In 1994, harvesting at early flowering (5% florets white and fluffy) reduced Taranna seed production by a mean of around 55% compared with harvesting at 50% maturity, and subsequent seed germination was also lower (P < 0.05) for the early harvest time. Application of 1 L/ha of paraquat (a.i. 200 g/L of paraquat dichloride) at mid-flowering to desiccate the crop in 1993 had no significant effect on the germination of Taranna and Bunderra caryopses. The implications of these data for commercial seed production are discussed.

scholarly journals Embryo development in association with asymbiotic seed germination in vitro of Paphiopedilum armeniacum S. C. Chen et F. Y. Liu

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-Yan Zhang ◽  
Kun-Lin Wu ◽  
Jian-Xia Zhang ◽  
Ru-Fang Deng ◽  
Jun Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Asymbiotic Seed Germination

Habitat-correlated seed germination behaviour in populations of wood anemone (Anemone nemorosa L.) from northern Italy

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 213-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Mondoni ◽  
Robin Probert ◽  
Graziano Rossi ◽  
Fiona Hay ◽  
Costantino Bonomi
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Mountain Site ◽  
Radicle Emergence ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Shoot Emergence ◽  
Mountain Population

AbstractAlthough various aspects of the biology of Anemone nemorosa have been examined, few studies present data on seed germination, and even then information tends to be rather contradictory. A. nemorosa L. is a spring-flowering, woodland geophyte, widely distributed across much of Europe. Germination phenology, including embryo development and radicle and shoot emergence, were investigated in one mountain and three lowland populations from northern Italy. Immediately after harvest, seeds were either sown on agar in the laboratory under simulated seasonal temperatures, or placed in nylon mesh sachets and buried in the wild. Embryos, undifferentiated at the time of dispersal, grew under summer conditions in the laboratory and in the wild. However, seeds did not germinate under continuous summer conditions. Radicle emergence in the field was first recorded at the beginning of autumn, when soil temperatures had dropped to c. 15°C in the case of the three lowland populations, and to c. 10°C at the mountain site. Shoot emergence was delayed under natural conditions until late autumn/early winter, when soil temperatures had dropped to c. 10°C in the lowlands and c. 6°C at the mountain site. In the laboratory, a period of cold stratification was required for shoot emergence, and this requirement was more pronounced in the mountain population. Seeds of the mountain population completed embryo development, radicle emergence and shoot emergence at cooler temperatures compared with the lowland populations. These results suggest that germination in A. nemorosa is highly adapted and finely tuned to local climate. We conclude that seeds of A. nemorosa display deep, simple epicotyl, morphophysiogical dormancy, and this is the first report of such dormancy for the genus Anemone. However, the continuous development and growth of embryos from the time of natural dispersal, and the lack of evidence of developmental arrest under natural conditions, suggests that radicles are non-dormant.

scholarly journals Zinnia Seed Harvest Time Affects Germination and Plant Growth

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 687-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiichiro Miyajima
Keyword(s):  
Seed Quality ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Percentage Germination ◽  
Good Seed ◽  
Seed Harvest ◽  
Pericarp Color ◽  
Similar Growth ◽  
Embryo Length

Seeds of `Kumamotonokagayaki'(Kk), `Goldenball' (Gb), and `Purple Gem' (PG) (Zinnia violacea Cav.) were harvested at various stages of maturity and subsequent seed and plant performance were evaluated. The largest increase in ovule or embryo length and width occurred from 0 to 10 days after pollination (DAP). The seed weight was unchanged after 23, 25, and 30 DAP for Kk, Gb, and PG, respectively. The pericarp color was completely green from seeds harvested 20 DAP, while the seeds harvested from 30 to 35 DAP contained a mixture of green and brown seeds. Pericarp color change from green to brown was not a reliable index to harvest seeds. The percentage germination increased from seeds harvested from 10 to 19 DAP for all cultivars. From 20 to 40 DAP, germination was unaffected and >90%, while the rate of germination as measured by days to visible germination decreased slightly. Seeds harvested 20 to 40 DAP produced plants with similar growth and quality characteristics. Considering a 20- to 30-day difference between the first and last floret to open in a capitulum, capitula should be harvested 50 days after anthesis for good seed quality and to prevent shattering.

scholarly journals Embryo Development of Cypripedium formosanum in Relation to Seed Germination In Vitro

2005 ◽  
Vol 130 (5) ◽  
pp. 747-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yung-I Lee ◽  
Nean Lee ◽  
Edward C. Yeung ◽  
Mei-Chu Chung
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Nile Red ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Zygotic Embryogenesis ◽  
Seed Collection ◽  
Significant Difference

This investigation documents the key anatomical features in embryo development of Cypripedium formosanum Hayata, in association with the ability of embryos to germinate in vitro, and examines the effects of culture media and seed pretreatments on seed germination. A better understanding of zygotic embryogenesis for the Cypripedium L. species would provide insights into subsequent germination events and aid in the in vitro propagation of these endangered species. In seeds collected at 60 days after pollination (DAP), soon after fertilization, no germination was recorded. The best overall germination was found at 90 DAP (≈70%), at which time early globular to globular embryos with a single-celled suspensors can be observed. After 135 DAP, the seeds germinated poorly. At this time the inner integument shrinks and forms a tight layer, which encloses the embryo, the so-called “carapace.” Using Nile red stain, a cuticular substance was detected in the carapace, which may play a role in the impermeability of the mature seed and may help the seeds survive in the stringent environment. At maturity (after 210 DAP), the embryo proper has an average size of eight cells along its length and six cells across the width. Lipids and proteins are the main storage products within the embryo. To improve seed germination, experiments were conducted to test the suitability of various media and pretreatments of seeds. When different media were used, except for the Harvais medium at 120 DAP, there was no significant difference in seed germination at three different developmental stages tested. Soaking mature seeds in 1% NaOCl or treating them with ultrasound may slightly increase the germination percentage. For seed germination, our results indicate that the timing of seed collection outweighs the composition of medium and the seed pretreatments.

THE EFFECT ON GERMINATION OF DRYING LEEK SEED HEADS AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES

1960 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 666-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Adamson
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Constant Temperature ◽  
Continuous Treatment ◽  
Heat Unit ◽  
Seed Harvest ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Summer Temperatures ◽  
Continuous Temperature

The effect of drying leek seed heads at various temperatures and temperature combinations upon seed germination was studied from 1951 to 1956. Treatments included 80°F., 95°F., 110°F., and 140°F. continuous, and 80°F. for periods up to 10 days, followed by the higher temperatures. In all seasons a continuous temperature of 80°F. resulted in seed germinating at or above the 65 per cent minimum required by the Canadian Seeds Act, while any treatment including 110°F. or higher caused below-minimum germination. Treatments of 95°F. continuous, and combinations of 80°F. and 90°F., were not significantly different from 80°F. continuous over the period 1953 to 1956, but showed marked trends towards differences in certain years. In 1953 and 1956, germinations from these treatments were well above 65 per cent but below in 1954 and 1955, when summer temperatures were cooler, as shown by heat unit data.During the 1953–56 period, drying times for the 80°F. continuous treatment averaged 33 days and for 95°F., 21 days. While a continuous temperature of 80°F. was necessary to ensure satisfactory seed germination in all seasons, it is suggested, where rapid drying is desired, that a constant temperature of 95°F. be employed when summer weather favouring maturity has preceded seed harvest.

scholarly journals Migration of Oil Bodies in Embryo Cells during Acquisition of Desiccation Tolerance in Chemically Defoliated Corn (Zea mays L.) Seed Production Fields

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Ashley N. Dean ◽  
Katharina Wigg ◽  
Everton V. Zambiazzi ◽  
Erik J. Christian ◽  
Susana A. Goggi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Oil Bodies ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Seed Corn ◽  
Production Practice ◽  
Seed Harvest ◽  
Embryo Cells

Chemical defoliation of seed corn production fields accelerates seed maturation and desiccation and expedites seed harvest. Early seed harvest is important to minimize the risk of frost damage while in the field. This newly adopted seed production practice also allows seed companies to plan harvest and manage dryer space more efficiently. However, premature defoliation may interfere with the migration of oil bodies within embryo cells during desiccation and affect seed germination and vigor. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of chemical defoliation on the migration patterns of oil bodies within embryo cells during desiccation. Chemically defoliated and non-defoliated plants from five commercial hybrid seed corn fields were sampled in 2014 and 2015. Whole ears with husks were harvested before and after defoliant application at 600 g H2O kg−1 fresh weight (fw), and weekly thereafter until seed reached approximately 300–350 g H2O kg−1 fw. Ten embryos extracted from center-row seeds were fixed to stop metabolic processes, then sliced, processed, and photographed using scanning transmission electron microscopy. The oil bodies within embryo cells followed normal migration patterns according to seed moisture content, regardless of defoliation treatment. Seed germination and vigor were verified and were not significantly affected by defoliation. Chemical defoliation is a viable production practice to accelerate seed corn desiccation and to manage harvest and seed dryer availability more efficiently without negatively affecting seed germination and vigor.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF SEED GERMINATION AND EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT OF REPRESENTATIVES OF THE FAMILY RANUNCULACEAE

Ekosistemy ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 100-110
Author(s):  
A. A. Erst
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Morphophysiological Dormancy ◽  
The Family ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Growing Conditions

The ability of seeds to maintain viability for a long time without germination is one of the most important adaptive properties of plants. The article analyzes the dormancy types of seeds of the Ranunculacea family and describes the key factors affecting seed germination and embryo development (warm and cold stratification, exposure to gibberellic acid) under artificially created conditions. It is noted that five levels of seed morphophysiological dormancy are described for the representatives of this family: non-deep simple, deep simple, deep simple epicotyl, intermediate complex and deep complex, which are mainly associated with adaptation to survival in difficult climatic conditions. In the review, various types of dormancy are considered in terms of their adaptive significance for representatives of the Ranunculacea family. To overcome each type of dormancy, a set of optimal conditions is necessary, which correlates with the growing conditions of species or individual populations in natural conditions. Therefore, the development of techniques for overcoming the seeds dormancy under artificial conditions is closely related with the study of the ecology of a particular species and the natural conditions of growth. The analysis of literature data revealed a significant problem: 40 % of the analyzed sources did not indicate the type of dormancy of seeds of the representatives of the Ranunculaceae family and, probably, the list of morphophysiological dormancy levels will be supplemented in the course of further studies.

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