scholarly journals Balancing selection maintains diversity in a cold tolerance gene in broadly distributed live oaks

Genome ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (9) ◽  
pp. 762-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Eduardo Meireles ◽  
Anne Beulke ◽  
Daniel S. Borkowski ◽  
Jeanne Romero-Severson ◽  
Jeannine Cavender-Bares
Keyword(s):  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Freezing Tolerance ◽  
Negative Selection ◽  
Balancing Selection ◽  
Variable Temperature ◽  
Purifying Selection ◽  
Housekeeping Genes ◽  
Cold Response ◽  
Tolerance Gene

Cold poses major physiological challenges to plants, especially long-lived trees. In trees occurring along variable temperature clines, the expected direction and consequences of selection on cold acclimation ability and freezing tolerance are not straightforward. Here we estimated selection in cold acclimation genes at two evolutionary timescales in all seven species of the American live oaks (Quercus subsection Virentes). Two cold response candidate genes were chosen: ICE1, a key gene in the cold acclimation pathway, and HOS1, which modulates cold response by negatively regulating ICE1. Two housekeeping genes, GAPDB and CHR11, were also analyzed. At the shallow evolutionary timescale, we demonstrate that HOS1 experienced recent balancing selection in the two most broadly distributed species, Q. virginiana and Q. oleoides. At a deeper evolutionary scale, a codon-based model of evolution revealed the signature of negative selection in ICE1. In contrast, three positively selected codons have been identified in HOS1, possibly a signature of the diversification of Virentes into warmer climates from a freezing adapted lineage of oaks. Our findings indicate that evolution has favored diversity in cold tolerance modulation through balancing selection in HOS1 while maintaining core cold acclimation ability, as evidenced by purifying selection in ICE1.

scholarly journals Development of Hybrid Rice Variety FY7206 with Blast Resistance Gene Pid3 and Cold Tolerance Gene Ctb1

Rice Science ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 266-273
Author(s):  
Xie Hong-Guang ◽  
Jiang Jia-Huang ◽  
Zheng Yan-Mei ◽  
Zhu Yong-Sheng ◽  
Wu Fang-Xi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Blast Resistance ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Blast Resistance Gene ◽  
Tolerance Gene

Map-based cloning of the rice cold tolerance gene Ctb1

Plant Science ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 179 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 97-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koji Saito ◽  
Yuriko Hayano-Saito ◽  
Makoto Kuroki ◽  
Yutaka Sato
Keyword(s):  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Tolerance Gene

Introduction

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-544
Author(s):  
W. Bernard
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Gene Mapping ◽  
Molecular Genetics ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Gene Activity ◽  
Close Connection ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
Simple Systems

In comparison to many other fields of ultrastructural research in Cell Biology, the successful exploration of genes and gene activity with the electron microscope in higher organisms is a late conquest. Nucleic acid molecules of Prokaryotes could be successfully visualized already since the early sixties, thanks to the Kleinschmidt spreading technique - and much basic information was obtained concerning the shape, length, molecular weight of viral, mitochondrial and chloroplast nucleic acid. Later, additonal methods revealed denaturation profiles, distinction between single and double strandedness and the use of heteroduplexes-led to gene mapping of relatively simple systems carried out in close connection with other methods of molecular genetics.

Comparison of selection indices for screening maize (Zea maysL.) germplasm for cold tolerance

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 525-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gul Zaffar ◽  
Asif Shikari ◽  
M. Rather ◽  
S. Guleria
Keyword(s):  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Selection Indices

Diagnosls of α thalassemia in the newborn. cord blood survey utilizing gene mapping

Pathology ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald J. Trent ◽  
P.E. Brock ◽  
J. Yakas ◽  
L.M. Trent ◽  
H. Kronenberg
Keyword(s):  
Gene Mapping ◽  
Cord Blood
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