A Simplified Approach For Assessing Gravity-Viscous Effects In Horizontal Steady State Solvent Floods

10.2523/6823 ◽  
1968 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Pearson ◽  
J. Bray ◽  
N. Strom
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Viscous Effects ◽  
Simplified Approach

A Simplified Approach to Estimating the Maximal Lactate Steady State

1994 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 27-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Snyder ◽  
T. Woulfe ◽  
R. Welsh ◽  
C. Foster
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Maximal Lactate Steady State ◽  
Simplified Approach

scholarly journals Caisson Breakwater for LNG and Bulk Terminals: A Study on Limiting Wave Conditions for Caisson Installation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Lin ◽  
Ghassan El Chahal ◽  
Yanlin Shao
Keyword(s):  
Water Depth ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Wave Structure ◽  
Viscous Drag ◽  
Viscous Effects ◽  
Drag Coefficients ◽  
Simplified Approach ◽  
Wave Conditions ◽  
General Guidance

Abstract As the worldwide oil and gas market continues to grow and environmental concerns with respect to in-port offloading of gas have increased, there has been a boom of interest in new liquefied natural gas LNG terminals in the past years. Loading - offloading operations at LNG and bulk terminals are generally protected by a breakwater to ensure high operability. For these terminals, caisson breakwaters are generally a preferred solution in water depth larger than 15 m due to its advantages compared to rubble mound breakwaters. The caisson installation is generally planned to be carried out in the period where sea conditions are relatively calm. However, many of these terminal locations are exposed to swell conditions, making the installation particularly challenging and subject to large downtime. There is no clear guidance on the caisson installation process rather than contractors’ experiences from different projects/sites. Therefore, studies are required in order to provide general guidance on the range of acceptable wave conditions for the installation operations and to have a better understanding of the influence of the caisson geometry. This paper presents a numerical study to determine the limiting wave conditions for caisson installing operations at larger water depth of 30–35 m for a confidential project along the African coast. Three caisson sizes/geometries are considered in order to assess and compare the wave-structure hydrodynamic interaction. The linear frequency-domain hydrodynamic analysis is performed for various seastates to determine the limiting wave conditions. Viscous effects due to flow separation at the sharp edges of the caisson are considered by using a stochastic linearization approach, where empirical drag coefficients are used as inputs. Parametric studies on caisson size and mooring stiffness are also presented, which can be used as a basis for future optimization. The uncertainty in the applied empirical viscous drag coefficients taken from the literature is examined by using a range of different drag coefficients. Further, the use of clearance-independent hydrodynamic coefficients (e.g. added mass and damping) may be questionable when the caisson is very close to the seabed, due to a possible strong interaction between caisson bottom and seabed. This effect is also checked quantitatively by a simplified approach. The findings of the study are presented in the form of curves and generalized to be used by designers and contractors for general guidance in future projects.

scholarly journals 473 A SIMPLIFIED APPROACH TO ESTIMATING THE MAXIMAL LACTATE STEADY STATE

1993 ◽  
Vol 25 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S84
Author(s):  
D. C. Anguil ◽  
A. C. Snyder ◽  
T. Woulfe ◽  
R. Welsh ◽  
C. Foster
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Maximal Lactate Steady State ◽  
Simplified Approach

scholarly journals Sequential Injection Analysis for Automation and Evaluation of Drug Liberation Profiles: Clotrimazole Liberation Monitoring

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (18) ◽  
pp. 5538
Author(s):  
Hana Sklenářová ◽  
Marek Beran ◽  
Lucie Novosvětská ◽  
Daniela Šmejkalová ◽  
Petr Solich
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Initial Rate ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Sequential Injection Analysis ◽  
Sequential Injection ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Simplified Approach ◽  
Steady State Flux ◽  
Sampling Intervals ◽  
First Time

A fully automated sequential injection system was tested in terms of its application in liberation testing, and capabilities and limitations were discussed for clotrimazole liberation from three semisolid formulations. An evaluation based on kinetic profiles obtained in short and longer sampling intervals and steady-state flux values were applied as traditional methods. The obtained clotrimazole liberation profile was faster in the case of Delcore and slower for Clotrimazol AL and Canesten cream commercial formulations. The steady-state flux values for the tested formulations were 52 µg cm−2 h−1 for Canesten, 35 µg cm−2 h−1 for Clotrimazol AL, and 7.2 µg cm−2 h−1 for Delcore measured in 4 min sampling intervals. A simplified approach for the evaluation of the initial rate based on the gradient between the second and third sampling points was used for the first time and was found to correspond well with the results of the conventional methods. A comparison based on the ratio of the steady-state flux and the initial rate values for Canesten and Clotrimazol AL proved the similarity of the obtained results. The proposed alternative was successfully implemented for the comparison of short-term kinetic profiles. Consequently, a faster and simpler approach for dissolution/liberation testing can be used.

Studies on Water in the Hydration Chamber of a Modified Electron Microscope

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 544-545
Author(s):  
R. C. Moretz ◽  
G. G. Hausner ◽  
D. F. Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Small Mass ◽  
Equilibrium Pressure ◽  
Biological Objects ◽  
Mechanical Pump ◽  
Differential Pumping

Use of the electron microscope to examine wet objects is possible due to the small mass thickness of the equilibrium pressure of water vapor at room temperature. Previous attempts to examine hydrated biological objects and water itself used a chamber consisting of two small apertures sealed by two thin films. Extensive work in our laboratory showed that such films have an 80% failure rate when wet. Using the principle of differential pumping of the microscope column, we can use open apertures in place of thin film windows.Fig. 1 shows the modified Siemens la specimen chamber with the connections to the water supply and the auxiliary pumping station. A mechanical pump is connected to the vapor supply via a 100μ aperture to maintain steady-state conditions.

Continuous hydrogenolysis of acetal-stabilized lignin in flow

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wu Lan ◽  
Yuan Peng Du ◽  
Songlan Sun ◽  
Jean Behaghel de Bueren ◽  
Florent Héroguel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities

We performed a steady state high-yielding depolymerization of soluble acetal-stabilized lignin in flow, which offered a window into challenges and opportunities that will be faced when continuously processing this feedstock.

Network reconstruction based on steady-state data

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 161-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo D. Sontag
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Reverse Engineering ◽  
Theoretical Method ◽  
Network Reconstruction ◽  
Quasi Steady State ◽  
State Data

This paper discusses a theoretical method for the “reverse engineering” of networks based solely on steady-state (and quasi-steady-state) data.

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