Ensuring Global Offshore Workforce Safety and Competence by Integrating National Regulatory Frameworks with International Industry Standards

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Stewart Laing
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
Industry Standards ◽  
International Industry

Interoperability – Technical or economic challenge?

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 243-252
Author(s):  
Lars Stegemann ◽  
Martin Gersch
Keyword(s):  
Network Effects ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Individual Case ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Path Dependencies ◽  
Industry Standards ◽  
Indirect Network Effects ◽  
International Industry ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Lock In

Abstract Interoperability in healthcare is a long-standing and addressed phenomenon. In the literature, it is discussed as both the cause of an insufficiently perceived digitalization and in context with an inadequate IT-based integration in healthcare. In particular, technical and organizational aspects are highlighted from the perspective of the different involved actors to achieve sufficient interoperability. Depending on the individual case, various established international industry standards in healthcare (e. g. DICOM, HL7 or FHIR) promise simple adaptation and various application advantages. In addition to the technical view, this article assumes economic challenges as the main causes for the lack of interoperability not discussed in the forefront. The economic challenges were mentioned and sparingly discussed in few cases in the literature. This article aims to fill this gap by offering a first characterization of identified and discussed economic challenges in the literature with respect to the lack of interoperability in healthcare. Based on a systematic literature search, 14 of the original 330 articles can be identified as relevant, allowing a more economic perspective on interoperability. In this context, different economic effects will be described; this includes cost-benefit decisions by individual stakeholders under different kinds of uncertainty or balancing of known individual costs for interoperability against uncertain and skewed distributed benefits within an ecosystem. Furthermore, more sophisticated cost-benefit approaches regarding interoperability challenges can be identified, including cost-benefit ratios that shift over time, or lock-in effects resulting from CRM-motivated measures that turn (non)interoperability decisions into cost considerations for single actors. Also, self-reinforcing effects through path dependencies, including direct and indirect network effects, have an impact on single and linked interoperability decisions.

scholarly journals The New ISO/IEC Standard for Automated ECG Interpretation

Hearts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 410-418
Author(s):  
Brian Young ◽  
Johann-Jakob Schmid
Keyword(s):  
Work Group ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Joint Work ◽  
Work In Progress ◽  
Industry Standards ◽  
International Industry ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ecg Interpretation

Updates to industry consensus standards for ECG equipment is a work-in-progress by the ISO/IEC Joint Work Group 22. This work will result in an overhaul of existing industry standards that apply to ECG electromedical equipment and will result in a new single international industry, namely 80601-2-86. The new standard will be entitled “80601, Part 2-86: Particular requirements for the basic safety and essential performance of electrocardiographs, including diagnostic equipment, monitoring equipment, ambulatory equipment, electrodes, cables, and leadwires”. This paper will provide a high-level overview of the work in progress and, in particular, will describe the impact it will have on requirements and testing methods for computerized ECG interpretation algorithms. The conclusion of this work is that manufacturers should continue working with clinical ECG experts to make clinically meaningful improvements to automated ECG interpretation, and the clinical validation of ECG analysis algorithms should be disclosed to guide appropriate clinical use. More cooperation is needed between industry, clinical ECG experts and regulatory agencies to develop new data sets that can be made available for use by industry standards for algorithm performance evaluation.

Current Issues of Providing the Personnel of the Radiation Hazardous Facilities with Personal Protection Equipment Complying with the Requirements and Working Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
V. Rubcov ◽  
A. Trebuhin ◽  
A. Nefedov ◽  
E. Klochkova ◽  
I. Olenina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Sense Organ ◽  
Nuclear Industry ◽  
Atomic Energy ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Personal Protection ◽  
Personal Protection Equipment ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
Industry Standards

Purpose: The article covers issues related to the providing personal protection for the personnel of radiation hazardous facilities. Specific character of working conditions at the enterprises in the field of atomic energy use is caused by extremely high toxic level of radioactive substances and the fact that there is no human sense organ which can identify dangerous levels of radiation exposure. Establishment of mandatory requirements for manufacturing, identification and verification of personal protection equipment (PPE) in the field of atomic energy use is needed because using of low-quality PPE and PPE not complying with working conditions poses a risk for the health of workers. The article provides results of analysis of the regulatory frameworks, both current and under development, which set the requirements for PPE. Results: Since 2017 Rosatom is executing plans for development of series of industry standards specifying requirements for PPE in the field of atomic energy use and methods of their testing. More than 25 interstate and national standards on PPE were included in the Summary list of standardization documents in the field of atomic energy use. PPE was included in the list of products subject to mandatory certification and having requirements for safety assurance in the field of atomic energy use specified. Industry and national standards establishing requirements for PPE protecting from tritium, radioactive noble gases, radioactive iodine, high-toxic alpha-emitting radionuclides, as well as standards on methods of their testing are planned to be developed soon. Conclusion: The system of standardizing requirements for PPE in the field of atomic energy use created by, together with existing system of certification of PPE in the field of atomic energy use will help to increase effectiveness of personal protection of the personnel at radiation and chemical hazardous facilities in nuclear industry.

Current Issues of Providing the Personnel of the Radiation Hazardous Facilities with Personal Protection Equipment

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
V. Rubcov ◽  
A. Trebuhin ◽  
A. Nefedov ◽  
E. Klochkova ◽  
I. Olenina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Sense Organ ◽  
Nuclear Industry ◽  
Atomic Energy ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Personal Protection ◽  
Personal Protection Equipment ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
Industry Standards

Purpose: The article covers issues related to the providing personal protection for the personnel of radiation hazardous facilities. Specific character of working conditions at the enterprises in the field of atomic energy use is caused by extremely high toxic level of radioactive substances and the fact that there is no human sense organ which can identify dangerous levels of radiation exposure. Establishment of mandatory requirements for manufacturing, identification and verification of personal protection equipment (PPE) in the field of atomic energy use is needed because using of low-quality PPE and PPE not complying with working conditions poses a risk for the health of workers. The article provides results of analysis of the regulatory frameworks, both current and under development, which set the requirements for PPE. Results: Since 2017 Rosatom is executing plans for development of series of industry standards specifying requirements for PPE in the field of atomic energy use and methods of their testing. More than 25 interstate and national standards on PPE were included in the Summary list of standardization documents in the field of atomic energy use. PPE was included in the list of products subject to mandatory certification and having requirements for safety assurance in the field of atomic energy use specified. Industry and national standards establishing requirements for PPE protecting from tritium, radioactive noble gases, radioactive iodine, high-toxic alpha-emitting radionuclides, as well as standards on methods of their testing are planned to be developed soon. Conclusion: The system of standardizing requirements for PPE in the field of atomic energy use being created, together with existing system of certification of PPE in the field of atomic energy use will help to increase effectiveness of personal protection of the personnel at radiation and chemical hazardous facilities in nuclear industry.

scholarly journals The Amber-Colored Liquid: A Review on the Color Standards, Methods of Detection, Issues and Recommendations

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (20) ◽  
pp. 6866
Author(s):  
Muhamad Haziq Hasnul Hadi ◽  
Pin Jern Ker ◽  
Vimal A. Thiviyanathan ◽  
Shirley Gee Hoon Tang ◽  
Yang Sing Leong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Color Measurement ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Customer Preferences ◽  
Industry Standards ◽  
International Industry ◽  
Liquid Products ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Color Scales

For most natural or naturally-derived liquid products, their color reflects on their quality and occasionally affects customer preferences. To date, there are a few subjective and objective methods for color measurement which are currently utilized by various industries. Researchers are also improving these methods and inventing new methods, as color is proven to have the ability to provide various information on the condition and quality of the liquid. However, a review on the methods, especially for amber-colored liquid, has not been conducted yet. This paper presents a comprehensive review on the subjective and objective methods for color measurement of amber-colored liquids. The pros and cons of the measurement methods, the effects of the color on customer preferences, and the international industry standards on color measurements are reviewed and discussed. In addition, this study elaborates on the issues and challenges related to the color measurement techniques as well as recommendations for future research. This review demonstrates that the existing color measurement technique can determine the color according to the standards and color scales. However, the efforts toward minimizing the complexity of the hardware while maximizing the signal processing through advanced computation are still lacking. Therefore, through this critical review, this review can hopefully intensify the efforts toward finding an optimized method or technique for color measurement of liquids and thus expedite the development of a portable device that can measure color accurately.

Rancang Bangun Sistem Komunikasi Data Antara Mikrokontroller Atmega8 Dengan Arduino Pada Mesin Roaster Coffe Digital

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-113
Author(s):  
Rachmad Ikhsan ◽  
Effendi Effendi
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Sensor ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Industry Standards ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Roasting Time

Roasting coffee manually is widely applied by coffee producers. This process takes a very long time and is less efficient in terms of productivity for industry standards. This machine  is equipped with a thermocouple sensor as a temperature sensor that will measure the temperature in the roasting cylinder, then equipped with a timer as a reminder of roasting time that ranges from 15 minutes at a temperature of 200 degrees Celsius, this machine  is also equipped with android as a timer controller on the coffee roaster machine. This machine is also equipped with a microcontroller and Bluetooth as a media transmitter and data receiver. From the test results obtained data that Bluetooth can be used for data communication between the microcontroller and Android with a distance of 30 meters in the room, and 12 meters outside the room. If it exceeds that distance, then Bluetooth will not respond back

Banking reform in China: International standards and Chinese specifics

2008 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-426
Author(s):  
Z. Kudrna
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Development Policy ◽  
Institutional Reform ◽  
International Standards ◽  
State Control ◽  
Banking Reform ◽  
Reform Strategy ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
Bank Governance ◽  
Credit Boom

This paper reviews the progress of banking reforms in China. Since 2002, the reform strategy has relied on publicly-financed bailouts, implementation of international best practices in bank governance and regulation, and listing of major banks in Hong Kong. The three largest banks have been stabilised, but we find little reason to expect this to be sustainable. Prudential indicators are comparable to international averages, but this is an outcome of bailouts and ongoing credit boom. Reforms of bank governance and regulatory frameworks that would alter banker’s incentives are implemented in a selective manner; principles that concentrate key powers in the centre are implemented vigorously, whereas those that require independent boards and regulators are ignored. Selectiveness of institutional reform means that the largest banks remain under state control and can be used as means of development policy for the better or the worse.

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