Produced Water Management Strategy Water-Injection Best Practices – Design, Performance, Monitoring

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abou-Sayed ◽  
Karim Zaki ◽  
Gary Wang ◽  
Manoj Sarfare ◽  
Martin Harris
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Performance Monitoring ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Design Performance ◽  
Water Management Strategy

Produced Water Management Strategy and Water Injection Best Practices: Design, Performance, and Monitoring

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (01) ◽  
pp. 59-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed S. Abou-Sayed ◽  
Karim S. Zaki ◽  
Gary Wang ◽  
Manoj Dnyandeo Sarfare ◽  
Martin H. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Design Performance ◽  
Water Management Strategy

Parametric Estimation of Heat and Water Management Strategy Preventing Condensed Water Formation in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hye-Mi Jung ◽  
Kwan-Soo Lee ◽  
Sukkee Um
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
Water Transport ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells ◽  
Water Formation ◽  
Condensed Water ◽  
Water Management Strategy

This work presents the comprehensive theoretical and numerical modeling efforts on the water transport phenomena in polymer electrolyte fuel cells and intends to elucidate an optimal water management strategy preventing condensed water formation in the anode and cathode channels. For a particular design of polymer electrolyte fuel cells, theoretical and numerical analyses on the inlet feed streams were conducted to set an optimal water transport strategy. The results showed that the favorable water transport scenario (half of produced water transported back to anode) requires less humidification at the gas channel inlets compared to the worst scenario (10% of the produced water diffused back to anode). It was also shown that for 80°C operation of fuel cells, the reactants should be super-saturated and the coolant temperature difference less than 5°C between the inlet and outlet has a significant effect on the humidification of reactant gases. For an optimal system, the inlet feed stream temperature and the temperature difference of the coolant should be carefully determined, considering the humidification capacity and the size of the radiator.

How could wastewater reuse in China meet the national ambitious water management strategy?

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 319-327
Author(s):  
Wenlong Zhang ◽  
Yi Li ◽  
Chao Wang ◽  
Peifang Wang ◽  
Qing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Water Management Strategy

Quantifying snowfall from orographic cloud seeding

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Friedrich ◽  
Kyoko Ikeda ◽  
Sarah Tessendorf ◽  
Jeffrey French ◽  
Robert Rauber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Silver Iodide ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Radar Reflectivity ◽  
Cloud Seeding ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Orographic Clouds ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Orographic Cloud ◽  
Water Management Strategy

<p>Cloud seeding has been used as one water management strategy to overcome the increasing demand for water despite decades of inconclusive results on the efficacy of cloud seeding. In this study snowfall accumulation from glaciogenic cloud seeding is quantified based on snow gauge and radar observations from three days in January 2017, when orographic clouds in the absent of natural precipitation were seeded with silver iodide (AgI) in the Payette basin of Idaho during the Seeded and Natural Orographic Wintertime Clouds: The Idaho Experiment (SNOWIE). On each day, a seeding aircraft equipped with AgI flares flew back and forth on a straight-line flight track producing a zig-zag pattern representing two to eight lines of clouds visible through enhancements in radar reflectivity. As these seeding lines started to form precipitation, they passed over several snow gauges and through the radar observational domain. For the three cases presented here, precipitation gauges measured increases between 0.05-0.3 mm as precipitation generated by cloud seeding pass over the instruments. A variety of relationships between radar reflectivity factor and liquid equivalent snowfall rate were used to quantify snowfall within the radar observation domain. For the three cases, snowfall occurred within the radar observational domain between 25 -160 min producing a total amount of water generated by cloud seeding ranging from 123,220 to 339,540 m3 using the best-match Ze-S relationship. Uncertainties in radar reflectivity estimated snowfall are provided by considering not only the best-match Ze-S relationship but also an ensemble of Ze-S relationships based on the range of coefficients published from previous studies and then examining the percentile of snowfall estimates based on all of the Ze-S relationships within the ensemble. Considering the interquartile range and 5<sup>th</sup>/95<sup>th</sup> percentiles, uncertainties in total amount of water generated by cloud seeding can range between 20-45% compared to the best-math estimates. These results provide new insights towards understanding how cloud seeding impacts precipitation and its distribution across a region.</p>

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