scholarly journals Sleep Deprivation Has No Effect on Dynamic Visual Acuity in Military Service Members Who Are Healthy

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (9) ◽  
pp. 1185-1196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew R. Scherer ◽  
Pedro J. Claro ◽  
Kristin J. Heaton
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Vestibular Function ◽  
Service Members ◽  
Behavioral Measure ◽  
Dynamic Visual Acuity ◽  
Repeated Measures Design

Background The risk of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and comorbid posttraumatic dizziness is elevated in military operational environments. Sleep deprivation is known to affect a service member's performance while deployed, although little is known about its effects on vestibular function. Recent findings suggest that moderate acceleration step rotational stimuli may elicit a heightened angular vestibulo-ocular reflex (aVOR) response relative to low-frequency sinusoidal stimuli after 26 hours of sleep deprivation. There is concern that a sleep deprivation–mediated elevation in aVOR function could confound detection of comorbid vestibular pathology in service members with TBI. The term “dynamic visual acuity” (DVA) refers to an individual's ability to see clearly during head movement and is a behavioral measure of aVOR function. The Dynamic Visual Acuity Test (DVAT) assesses gaze instability by measuring the difference between head-stationary and head-moving visual acuity. Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 26 hours of sleep deprivation on DVA as a surrogate for aVOR function. Design This observational study utilized a repeated-measures design. Methods Twenty soldiers with no history of vestibular insult or head trauma were assessed by means of the DVAT at angular head velocities of 120 to 180°/s. Active and passive yaw and pitch impulses were obtained before and after sleep deprivation. Results Yaw DVA remained unchanged as the result of sleep deprivation. Active pitch DVA diminished by −0.005 LogMAR (down) and −0.055 LogMAR (up); passive pitch DVA was degraded by −0.06 LogMAR (down) and −0.045 LogMAR (up). Limitations Sample homogeneity largely confounded accurate assessment of test-retest reliability in this study, resulting in intraclass correlation coefficients lower than those previously reported. Conclusions Dynamic visual acuity testing in soldiers who are healthy revealed no change in gaze stability after rapid yaw impulses and subclinical changes in pitch DVA after sleep deprivation. Findings suggest that DVA is not affected by short-term sleep deprivation under clinical conditions.

Leveraging virtual reality for vestibular testing: Clinical outcomes from tests of dynamic visual acuity

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Kenneth C. Holford ◽  
Adam E. Jagodinsky ◽  
Rishi Saripalle ◽  
Poonam McAllister
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Vestibular Function ◽  
Head Motion ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Vestibular Disorder ◽  
Clinical Protocol ◽  
Dynamic Visual Acuity

BACKGROUND: Virtual reality (VR) use as a platform for vestibular rehabilitation is widespread. However, the utility of VR based vestibular assessments remains unknown. OBJECTIVE: To compare dynamic visual acuity (DVA) scores, perceived balance, and perceived dizziness when using traditional versus VR environments for DVA testing among healthy individuals. METHODS: DVA testing occurred for both a traditional clinical protocol and in a VR variant. Horizontal, vertical, and no head motion conditions were conducted for both clinical and VR test protocols. DVA scores, balance ratings, and dizziness ratings were obtained per condition. Two-way ANOVAs with repeated measures were used to assess differences in DVA scores, balance, and dizziness ratings. RESULTS: No differences in DVA results, balance or dizziness ratings were observed when comparing traditional clinical protocol versus the VR variant. Differences across head motion conditions were observed, with no motion trials exhibiting significantly higher DVA scores and perceived balance, and lower perceived dizziness compared to vertical and horizontal head motion. Vertical head motion exhibited this same trend compared to horizontal. CONCLUSION: DVA testing conducted in VR demonstrated clinical utility for each measure. Effects of head motion were similar across test variants, indicating DVA testing in VR produces similar effects on vestibular function than traditional clinical testing. Additional research should be conducted to assess the feasibility of VR assessment in individuals with vestibular disorder.

scholarly journals Test–retest reliability of laser evoked pain perception and fMRI BOLD responses

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanzhi Bi ◽  
Xin Hou ◽  
Jiahui Zhong ◽  
Li Hu
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

AbstractPain perception is a subjective experience and highly variable across time. Brain responses evoked by nociceptive stimuli are highly associated with pain perception and also showed considerable variability. To date, the test–retest reliability of laser-evoked pain perception and its associated brain responses across sessions remain unclear. Here, an experiment with a within-subject repeated-measures design was performed in 22 healthy volunteers. Radiant-heat laser stimuli were delivered on subjects’ left-hand dorsum in two sessions separated by 1–5 days. We observed that laser-evoked pain perception was significantly declined across sessions, coupled with decreased brain responses in the bilateral primary somatosensory cortex (S1), right primary motor cortex, supplementary motor area, and middle cingulate cortex. Intraclass correlation coefficients between the two sessions showed “fair” to “moderate” test–retest reliability for pain perception and brain responses. Additionally, we observed lower resting-state brain activity in the right S1 and lower resting-state functional connectivity between right S1 and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in the second session than the first session. Altogether, being possibly influenced by changes of baseline mental state, laser-evoked pain perception and brain responses showed considerable across-session variability. This phenomenon should be considered when designing experiments for laboratory studies and evaluating pain abnormalities in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Reliability of Safe Maximum Lifting Determinations of a Functional Capacity Evaluation

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 364-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas P Gross ◽  
Michele C Battié
Keyword(s):  
Functional Capacity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Interrater Reliability ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Functional Capacity Evaluation ◽  
Measurement Variability ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Abstract Background and Purpose. Functional capacity evaluations (FCEs) are measurement tools used in predicting readiness to return to work following injury. The interrater and test-retest reliability of determinations of maximal safe lifting during kinesiophysical FCEs were examined in a sample of people who were off work and receiving workers' compensation. Subjects. Twenty-eight subjects with low back pain who had plateaued with treatment were enrolled. Five occupational therapists, trained and experienced in kinesiophysical methods, conducted testing. Methods. A repeated-measures design was used, with raters testing subjects simultaneously, yet independently. Subjects were rated on 2 occasions, separated by 2 to 4 days. Analyses included intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and 95% confidence intervals. Results. The ICC values for interrater reliability ranged from .95 to .98. Test-retest values ranged from .78 to .94. Discussion and Conclusion. Inconsistencies in subjects' performance across sessions were the greatest source of FCE measurement variability. Overall, however, test-retest reliability was good and interrater reliability was excellent.

Development of an On-Water Graded Exercise Test for Flat-Water Sprint Kayak Athletes

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 1244-1249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chelsie E. Winchcombe ◽  
Martyn J. Binnie ◽  
Matthew M. Doyle ◽  
Cruz Hogan ◽  
Peter Peeling
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Exercise Test ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Stroke Rate ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Graded Exercise Test ◽  
Graded Exercise

Purpose: To determine the reliability and validity of a power-prescribed on-water (OW) graded exercise test (GXT) for flat-water sprint kayak athletes. Methods: Nine well-trained sprint kayak athletes performed 3 GXTs in a repeated-measures design. The initial GXT was performed on a stationary kayak ergometer in the laboratory (LAB). The subsequent 2 GXTs were performed OW (OW1 and OW2) in an individual kayak. Power output (PWR), stroke rate, blood lactate, heart rate, oxygen consumption, and rating of perceived exertion were measured throughout each test. Results: Both PWR and oxygen consumption showed excellent test–retest reliability between OW1 and OW2 for all 7 stages (intraclass correlation coefficient > .90). The mean results from the 2 OW GXTs (OWAVE) were then compared with LAB, and no differences in oxygen consumption across stages were evident (P ≥ .159). PWR was higher for OWAVE than for LAB in all stages (P ≤ .021) except stage 7 (P = .070). Conversely, stroke rate was lower for OWAVE than for LAB in all stages (P < .010) except stage 2 (P = .120). Conclusions: The OW GXT appears to be a reliable test in well-trained sprint kayak athletes. Given the differences in PWR and stroke rate between the LAB and OW tests, an OW GXT may provide more specific outcomes for OW training.

scholarly journals Bilateral Vestibulopathy: Vestibular Function, Dynamic Visual Acuity and Functional Impact

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruben Hermann ◽  
Eugen C. Ionescu ◽  
Olivier Dumas ◽  
Stephane Tringali ◽  
Eric Truy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Vestibular Function ◽  
Dynamic Visual Acuity ◽  
Bilateral Vestibulopathy ◽  
Functional Impact

The Effects of 48 Hours Total Sleep Deprivation on Human Physiology, Mood, and Memory

1989 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 625-629
Author(s):  
Mary L. Rankin ◽  
Georgia Latham ◽  
Robert D. Peters ◽  
David M. Penetar
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Human Physiology ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Small Sample Sizes

Previous research regarding the effects of sleep deprivation (SD) on human physiology and mood has yielded conflicting results. These findings may in part be due to the use of small sample sizes and the failure to separate out the pure effects of SD from those of circadian rhythms during data analysis. One purpose of this study was to clearly identify the effects of 48 hours of SD on blood pressure, temperature, heart rate, and mood by overcoming the limitations of previous research. A second purpose was to evaluate the effects of SD on recognition memory. A repeated measures design was employed to collect physiological, mood, and memory data over a 48 hour period. While strong circadian rhythms were observed for most of the physiological and mood variables, recognition memory was unaffected by 48 hours of SD.

Comparison of Horizontal and Vertical Dynamic Visual Acuity in Patients with Vestibular Dysfunction and Nonvestibular Dizziness

2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (03) ◽  
pp. 236-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Roberts ◽  
Richard E. Gans
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Head Movement ◽  
Vestibular Function ◽  
Vestibular Dysfunction ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Dynamic Visual Acuity ◽  
Blurred Vision ◽  
Ocular Reflex ◽  
Vestibulo Ocular Reflex ◽  
Horizontal Head

Blurred vision with head movement is a common symptom reported by patients with vestibular dysfunction affecting the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR). Impaired VOR can be measured by comparing visual acuity in which there is no head movement to visual acuity obtained with head movement. A previous study demonstrated that dynamic visual acuity (DVA) testing using vertical head movement revealed deficits in impaired VOR. There is evidence that horizontal head movement is more sensitive to impaired VOR. The objective of this investigation was to compare horizontal and vertical DVA in participants with normal vestibular function (NVF), impaired vestibular function (IVF), and participants with nonvestibular dizziness (NVD). Participants performed the visual acuity task in a baseline condition with no movement and also in two dynamic conditions, horizontal head movement and vertical head movement. Horizontal DVA was twice as sensitive to impaired VOR than vertical DVA. Results suggest that horizontal volitional head movement should be incorporated into tasks measuring functional deficits of impaired VOR. Una visión borrosa con los movimientos de la cabeza es un síntoma común reportado por los pacientes con una disfunción vestibular que afecta el reflejo vestíbulo-ocular (VOR). La alteración en el VOR puede ser medida comparando la aguda visual no acompañada de movimientos de la cabeza, con la aguda visual obtenida con movimientos cefálicos. Un estudio previo demostró que la prueba de aguda visual dinámica (DVA) usando movimiento vertical de la cabeza revelaba deficiencias relacionados con un VOR alterado. Existe evidencia que el movimiento cefálico horizontal es más sensible a un VOR alterado. El objetivo de esta investigación fue comparar el DVA horizontal y vertical en participantes con funcional vestibular normal (NVF), con función vestibular alterada (IVF) y en sujetos con mareo no vestibular (NVD). Los participantes realizaron sus tareas de agudeza visual en una condición basal, sin movimiento, y también en dos condiciones dinámicas, con movimientos de cabeza horizontales y verticales. El DVA horizontal fue dos veces más sensible a un VOR alterado que el DVA vertical. Los resultados sugieren que los movimientos volitivos horizontales de la cabeza deben incorporarse en las tareas que midan deficiencias funcionales con un VOR alterado.

scholarly journals A Clinical Shoulder Proprioception Test Shows Good Reliability, and Decreased Shoulder Joint Position Sense Due to Local Fatigue in Handballers: A Repeated Measures Design

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Sutton ◽  
Marie Ohlsson ◽  
Ulrik Röijezon
Keyword(s):  
Shoulder Joint ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Position Sense ◽  
Joint Position Sense ◽  
Joint Position ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Specialized Equipment

Abstract Background: Assessment of shoulder proprioception outside the laboratory in the absence of specialized equipment remains a challenge with field-based tests often lacking good reliability, validity and feasibility. This study aimed to enhance the knowledge base surrounding the assessment of shoulder proprioception and investigated the effect of fatigue on shoulder joint position sense (JPS) amongst amateur male handball players.Method: 27 healthy recreationally active participants and 13 amateur male handball players undertook two sessions of active JPS tests using laser pen technology and a calibrated 2-dimensional target to assess test-retest reliability. The active JPS test was then utilized on the subgroup of handball players who were subjected to five bouts of a repeated throwing task in order to investigate the effect of local fatigue on shoulder JPS. Results: The intraclass correlation coefficient for the active JPS test was 0.78 (95% CI = [0.57; 0.89]). Standard error of measurement between trials was 0.70° (range 0.57°-0.90°). For the throwing task, repeated measures analysis of variance revealed a significant interaction for arm x bout (F5=2.74, p=0.028) and a significant effect for arm (F1=5.85, p=0.034). Post hoc analysis showed a significant difference between throwing arm and non-throwing arm after throwing bout one (p=0.036), three (p=0.026) and four (p=0.041). Conclusion: Assessment of the active JPS test showed acceptable reliability and measurement error. Repeated throwing to fatigue decreased shoulder JPS in amateur male handball players which indicate validity of the test to identify reduced proprioception.

scholarly journals Peran Tes Dynamic Visual Acuity dan Tes Kalori dalam Menilai Gangguan Keseimbangan pada Pasien Tuberkulosis yang Mendapat Terapi Streptomisin

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
Widayat Alviandi ◽  
Brashto Bramantyo ◽  
Jenny Bashiruddin ◽  
Novra Widayanti
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Positive Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Vestibular Function ◽  
Negative Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Caloric Test ◽  
Dynamic Visual Acuity ◽  
Vestibular Function Test

Latar belakang: Gangguan keseimbangan merupakan efek samping pemberian streptomisin yang dapat menurunkan kualitas hidup. Saat ini belum didapatkan penelitian gangguan keseimbangan pada pasien tuberkulosis yang mendapat terapi streptomisin diperiksa menggunakan tes dynamic visual acuity (DVA) dan tes kalori. Tujuan:  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat akurasi pemeriksaan keseimbangan dengan DVA pada pasien TB yang mendapatkan streptomisin dibandingkan dengan elektronistagmografi (ENG). Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pra-eksperimental untuk mengetahui perubahan hasil pemeriksaan fungsi keseimbangan vestibuler pada suatu kelompok pasien TB sebelum dan setelah 56 kali pemberian streptomisin, atau bila timbul keluhan gangguan keseimbangan dengan tes DVA dan tes kalori selama April-Oktober 2014. Digunakan rancangan uji diagnostik untuk membandingkan kedua cara pengukuran setelah pengobatan. Hasil: Setelah pemberian terapi didapatkan 31 (77,5%) dari 40 subjek dengan pemeriksaan kalori dan 30 (75%) dengan pemeriksaan DVA. Rerata nilai kalori sebelum terapi sebesar 93,5±32,07°/detik dan setelah terapi sebesar 82,30±38,43°/detik, terjadi perubahan sebesar -11,25±50,55°/detik. Median nilai kenaikan DVA sebelum terapi adalah 0 (minimal 0-maksimal 2) baris dan setelah terapi adalah 3 (minimal 0-maksimal 6) baris, terjadi perubahan sebesar 3 (minimal 0-maksimal 5) baris. Sensitivitas pemeriksaan DVA 83%, spesifisitas 27%, nilai duga positif 17%, nilai duga negatif 90%, rasio kemungkinan positif 1,13, dan rasio kemungkinan negatif 0,63 dengan pemeriksaan kalori sebagai baku emas. Kesimpulan: Pemeriksaan DVA dapat digunakan sebagai skrining pemeriksaan kelemahan vestibuler perifer bilateral pada pasien tuberkulosis yang mendapat terapi streptomisin.Background: Impaired balance is the side effect of Streptomycin administration which can decrease the quality of life Up till now, there  is no research yet on dynamic visual acuity (DVA) and caloric test in tuberculosis (TB) patients receiving streptomycin therapy. Objective: This study aims to look at the accuracy of the examination using DVA in TB patients receiving Streptomycin, compared to using electronistagmography (ENG). Methods:  A pre-experimental study was used to determine changes in the vestibular function test results in a group of TB patients before and after56times administrationof Streptomycin, or when subjects complained of balance disorders, with DVA test and caloric test during April-October 2014. Designed diagnostic test was used after treatment to compare the two methods of measurement. Result: After therapy there was 31 (77.5%) out of 40 subjects with caloric examination and in 30 (75%) with DVA examination. The mean value of caloric examination before therapy was 93.5±32.07°/sec and after therapy was 82.30±38.43°/sec, the change was -11.25±50.55°/sec. The median value of increased DVA  line before therapy was 0 line and after therapy was 3 line, there was a change of 3 (minimum 0-maximum 5) line. DVA examination has a sensitivity of 83%, a specificity of 27%, positive predictive value 17%, negative predictive value 90%, a positive likelihood ratio 1.13 and a negative likelihood ratio 0.63 with caloric examination as the gold standard. Conclusion: DVA examination can be used as a screening tool in bilateral peripheral vestibular weakness in TB patients who received Streptomycin therapy.

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