scholarly journals Effect of Treadmill Training and Supramalleolar Orthosis Use on Motor Skill Development in Infants With Down Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 382-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Looper ◽  
Dale A. Ulrich
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Motor Skill ◽  
Skill Development ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Treadmill Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Motor Skill Development ◽  
Experimental Group

BackgroundChildren with Down syndrome (DS) often display delayed onset of independent walking. Treadmill training is an effective intervention that leads to an earlier walking onset. In addition, orthoses often are provided to infants with DS to increase stability and promote earlier independent walking. However, this early use of orthoses has not been scientifically verified in infants with DS.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to provide insight into the developmental outcomes of early orthosis use in combination with treadmill training in infants with DS compared with treadmill training alone.DesignThis study was a randomized controlled trial.SettingThis study was conducted in participants’ homes and in the motor development laboratory.Participants and InterventionSeventeen infants with DS entered the study when they could pull themselves to a standing position. They were randomly assigned to either a control group (which received treadmill training) or an experimental group (which received treadmill training and orthoses). During monthly visits to the infants’ homes, 3 minutes of treadmill stepping was recorded and each child's motor development skills were tested. The treadmill training ended once the child took 3 independent steps. One month following walking onset, developmental tests were readministered.MeasurementsThe Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) was used to test motor skill development.ResultsThe average (SD) time in the study was 268 (88) days for the control group and 206 (109) days for the experimental group. All infants showed significantly increased GMFM scores over time. At 1 month of walking experience, the control group had higher GMFM scores than the experimental group, with higher standing and walking, running, and jumping subscale scores.LimitationsLimitations of this study included a small sample of convenience, a statistical model that may have reduced validity at the tail end, and a lack of blinding in the GMFM scorer.ConclusionsOrthoses may have a detrimental effect on overall gross motor skill development.

scholarly journals Development of fundamental motor skills in children of a public school in the city of Sao Paulo

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Decio Rodrigues ◽  
Eric Leal Avigo ◽  
Jose Angelo Barela
Keyword(s):  
Public School ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Motor Skill ◽  
Skill Development ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Fundamental Motor Skills ◽  
Motor Skill Development

BACKGROUND: One common observation is that Brazilian children are failing to achieve the expected proficiency, regarding the chronological age, in performing gross motor skills. PURPOSE: The aim was to verify the development of fundamental motor skills of 6- and 9-year-old children from a public school of São Paulo city. METHOD: Eight two children were selected from the first and fourth Elementary year, 40 children from the first grade (6.6 year-old, 20 boys and 20 girls) and 42 children from the fourth grade (9.2 year-old, 21 boys and 21 girls). Children were videotaped performing the Test of Gross Motor Development tasks, locomotor and object-control subtests. Three experimenters inspected the video images and rated the children’s performance following the suggested criteria. RESULTS: Nine-year-old children were advanced in fundamental motor skill performance compared to 6-year-old, but children from both age groups are delayed to the expected fundamental motor skill development. Moreover, the developmental delay is even worse as chronological age increases, with 6-year-old rated as poor whereas 9-year-old children are rated as very poor in fundamental motor skill development. CONCLUSION: These results raise several concerns regarding the importance of mastering the basic motor skills and future enrolment in motor activities.

Motor Skills and Free-Living Physical Activity Showed No Association Among Preschoolers in 2012 U.S. National Youth Fitness Survey

2016 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul D. Loprinzi ◽  
Emily Frith
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Motor Skill ◽  
Skill Development ◽  
Skill Level ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Motor Skill Development ◽  
Preschool Aged Children

Albeit limited, some emerging work, using convenience-based samples, has demonstrated that greater motor skill development is associated with higher physical activity among preschool-aged children. The purpose of this study was to evaluate this topic using data from the 2012 National Youth Fitness Survey that included 329 preschool-aged children (3–5 years). Parents proxy-reported their child’s physical activity, with motor skill level assessed from the Test of Gross Motor Development—Second Edition (TGMD2). Motor skill levels (Gross Motor Quotient, locomotor or object control) were not associated with preschool free-living physical activity in any analytic model. Thus, in this large sample of preschoolers, contrary to research with older children, motor skill level was not associated with physical activity. Findings are discussed in terms of study limitations of (a) a reliance on parent report of children’s physical activity levels and (b) the possibility that physical activity data within the national survey were too limited in range to show possible associations to motor skill development with higher levels of free-living physical activity in preschoolers.

scholarly journals The Effect of Play-Based Math Activities on Different Areas of Development in Children 48 to 60 Months of Age

SAGE Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 215824402091953
Author(s):  
Meral Taner Derman ◽  
Elvan Şahin Zeteroğlu ◽  
Arzu Ergişi Birgül
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Language Areas ◽  
Experimental Group

There are previous studies in the literature conducted on the effect of play-based math activities on the mathematical skills, language, and cognitive development of preschool children. However, the number of studies conducted to determine the effect of play-based math activities on different areas of development in preschool children was too few. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of play-based math activities on different developmental areas (personal-social, fine motor, language, and gross motor development) of children 48 to 60 months of age. The pretest/posttest quasi-experimental research design with control and experimental groups was employed in this study. The research group of this study is composed of 45 children 22 of whom (10 girls and 12 boys) were in the experimental group and 23 (10 girls and 13 boys) in the control group. Denver II Developmental Screening Test was used as the data collection tool. As a result, it was determined that there was a significant difference between the subscales and pretest-posttest total scores concerning personal-social, fine motor, and language areas in the experimental group, while there was no statistically significant difference in the gross motor subscale. In addition, it was observed that there was statistically no significant difference between pretest–posttest scores concerning personal-social, fine motor, language, gross motor subscales and total scores of the control group. The result revealed that play-based math activities have a positive effect on personal-social, fine motor, language, and gross motor developments of children. Further studies can be planned to investigate the effects of play-based mathematics education integrated with different activities where children can have fun and be physically active on children’s developmental areas.

scholarly journals Relationship between breast feeding and motor development in children: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e029063 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monserrat Hernández Luengo ◽  
Celia Álvarez-Bueno ◽  
Diana P Pozuelo-Carrascosa ◽  
Carlos Berlanga-Macías ◽  
Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Motor Skill ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Skill Development ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Motor Skill Development

IntroductionThe recommendations of most health organisations encourage mothers to keep exclusive breast feeding during the first 6 months and combining breast feeding with complementary feeding at least during the first and second years, due to the numerous immunologic, cognitive developmental and motor skill benefits that breast feeding confers. Although the influence of breast feeding on motor development during childhood has been studied, the findings are inconsistent, and some studies have even reported no effect. This manuscript presents a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis, with the aim of reviewing the relationship between breast feeding and motor skill development in children in terms of duration, exclusivity or non-exclusivity of breast feeding.Methods and analysisThe search will be conducted using Medline (via PubMed), EMBASE, Web of Science and Cochrane Library from inception to December 2019. Observational studies (cross-sectional and follow-up studies) written in English or Spanish that investigate the association between breast feeding and motor development in children will be included. This systematic review and meta-analysis protocol follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols. The Critical Appraisal Checklist for Analytical Cross-Sectional Studies and The Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale for longitudinal studies will be used to assess the quality of included studies. The effect of breast feeding on motor skill development will be calculated as the primary outcome. Subgroup analyses will be carried out based on the characteristics of motor skill development and the population included.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required because the data used will be obtained from published studies, and there will be no concerns about privacy. The findings from this study will be relevant information regarding the association of breast feeding with motor development in children and could be used encourage to improve breastfeeding rates. The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018093706.

Parent-Assisted Instruction in a Motor Skill Program for At-Risk Preschool Children

1999 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Hamilton ◽  
Jacqueline Goodway ◽  
John Haubenstricker
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Developmental Delay ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Motor Skill ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Academic Failure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Object Control ◽  
Experimental Group

The purpose was to investigate the effectiveness of parental involvement on the acquisition of object-control skills of preschool children who are at risk for developmental delay or academic failure. The experimental group (n = 15) participated in an 8-week motor skill intervention program consisting of two 45-min lessons per week delivered by the children’s parents. The control group (n = 12) participated in the regular motor skill program, which consisted of movement songs delivered by the parents. All children were pretested and posttested on the object-control subscale of the Test of Gross Motor Development (Ulrich, 1985). Both groups performed in the lower 20th percentile on the pretest. A 2 X 2 (Group X Test) ANOVA revealed that the experimental group improved significantly in the object-control subscale score from pretest to posttest, whereas the control group did not change. The results provide support for including parents in the instructional process of children who are at risk for developmental delay or academic failure.

scholarly journals PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN TARI KREATIF TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN MOTORIK KASAR KELOMPOK B GUGUS I KECAMATAN BANJAR

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 239
Author(s):  
LUH PUTU LESTARIANI . ◽  
Luh Putu Putrini Mahadewi, S.Pd., M.S. . ◽  
Dr. Putu Aditya Antara, S.Pd., M.Pd. .
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skill ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Creative Dance ◽  
Group B ◽  
Gross Motor Skill ◽  
Experimental Group

Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah kemampuan motorik kasar pada anak kelompok B di Gugus I Kecamatan Banjar,Kabupaten Buleleng Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan hasil kemampuan motorik kasar antara kelompok yang dibelajarkan dengan model pembelajaran tari kreatif dengan kelompok anak yang dibelajarkan dengan model pembelajaran konvensional pada kelompok B di TK Gugus I kecamatan Banjar Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian semu yang menggunakan desain non- equivalent posttest only control group design. Jumlah populasi sebanyak 326 anak. Menggunakan Dengan teknik Cluster Sampling untuk mengambil sampel dari populasi. Sebanyak 26 orang anak kelompok B Taman Kanak-Kanak Sinar Harapan dilibatkan sebagai kelompok eksperimen dan 25 orang anak kelompok B Taman Kanak-kanak Widya Kumara Sari dilibatkan sebagai kelompok kontrol. Teknik pegumpulan data menggunakan teknik observasi, kemudian data yang terkumpul dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji-t. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa terdapat perbedaan hasil kemampuan motorik kasar antara kelompok anak yang dibelajarkan dengan model pembelajaran tari kreatif dengan kelompok anak yang dibelajarkan dengan model pembelajaran konvensional kelompok B. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan hasil signifikan yaitu 5% dengan derajat kebebasan 49 maka, thitung >ttabel yaitu 24,13 > 2,009. Jadi H1 diterima dan H0 ditolak. Skor rata-rata siswa kelompok eksperimen yaitu 74,84, dan skor rata-rata kelompok kontrol yaitu 45,16. Hal ini berarti skor rata-rata kelompok eksperimen>skor rata-rata kelompok kontrol. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan antara kemampuan motorik kasar pada anak yang dibelajarkan dengan model pembelajaran tari kreatif dengan anak yang dibelajarkan dengan model pembelajaran konvensional pada anak kelompok B di TK Gugus I Kecamatan Banjar Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019. Kata Kunci : Kemampuan Motorik Kasar, Tari Kreatif. The problem in this study was gross motor skills in children group B in group I Kecamatan Banjar,Kabupaten Buleleng of the study year 2018/2019. This study aimed at determining the differences of the results of gross motor skill between groups who were taught with creative dance learning model with groups of children who were taught with conventional learning model in group B at TK Gugus I Kecamatan Banjar in academic year 2018/2019. This research was a quasi-research using non-equivalent post-test only control group design. Total population of 326 children. Used Cluster Sampling technique to take samples from the population. There were 26 children in group B of Taman Kanak-Kanak Sinar Harapan which were involved as the experimental group and 25 children in group B of Taman Kanak-Kanak Widya Kumara Sari as the control group. The data collection techniques used observation techniques, then the data collected were analyzed using t-test. The results of this study found that there were differences in the results of gross motor skill between groups of children who were taught by creative dance learning model with groups of children who were taught by conventional learning model in group B. The results were indicated by significant results, that was, 5% with 49 degrees of freedom, tcount> ttable which was 24,13 > 2,009. H1 was accepted and H0 was rejected. The average score of the experimental group was 74.84, and the average score of the control group was 45.16. It means that the average score of the experimental group> the average score of the control group. The results indicate that there is a difference between gross motor skill of children who were taught by creative dance learning model with children who were taught with conventional learning model in group B in TK Gugus I Kecamatan Banjar in academic year 2018/2019.keyword : Gross Motor Skill, Creative Dance

A Pilot Study of a Parent-Mediated, Web-Based Motor Skill Intervention for Children With Down Syndrome: Project SKIP

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Amanda Young ◽  
Seán Healy ◽  
Lisa Silliman-French ◽  
Ali Brian
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Motor Skill ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Children With Down Syndrome ◽  
Gross Motor Development ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Ball Skills

To inform the development of scalable and sustainable fundamental motor skill interventions for children with Down syndrome, this study examined the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of Project Skill Intervention Implemented by Parents (Project SKIP), a web-based, parent-mediated intervention intended to improve ball skills among children with Down syndrome. Twenty-four families enrolled in the study (including 13 boys and 11 girls; Mage = 4.92). Fourteen children were assigned to an experimental group and participated in the 6-week intervention, and 10 children served as the inactive comparison group. The Test of Gross Motor Development-3 was administered preintervention and postintervention. In addition, parents of children in the experimental group completed a postintervention survey to assess their perceptions of Project SKIP. Following the intervention, there was a significant improvement in ball skills (p = .023, d = 0.86) for children in the experimental group, whereas the comparison group did not show significant improvement. Moreover, parents perceived Project SKIP to be feasible and effective; all parents reported being satisfied with their overall experience in the program, and 11 parents indicated that their child’s fundamental motor skills were positively influenced by the intervention. Engagement was high, with the majority of parents (n = 8, 57%) interacting with Project SKIP content three to four times a week.

Development of fundamental motor skills in children of a public school in the city of Sao Paulo

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Decio Rodrigues ◽  
Eric Leal Avigo ◽  
Jose Angelo Barela
Keyword(s):  
Public School ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Motor Skill ◽  
Skill Development ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Fundamental Motor Skills ◽  
Motor Skill Development

<p><strong>BACKGROUND:</strong> One common observation is that Brazilian children are failing to achieve the expected proficiency, regarding the chronological age, in performing gross motor skills. <strong>PURPOSE:</strong> The aim was to verify the development of fundamental motor skills of 6- and 9-year-old children from a public school of São Paulo city. <strong>METHOD:</strong> Eight two children were selected from the first and fourth Elementary year, 40 children from the first grade (6.6 year-old, 20 boys and 20 girls) and 42 children from the fourth grade (9.2 year-old, 21 boys and 21 girls). Children were videotaped performing the Test of Gross Motor Development tasks, locomotor and object-control subtests. Three experimenters inspected the video images and rated the children’s performance following the suggested criteria. <strong>RESULTS:</strong> Nine-year-old children were advanced in fundamental motor skill performance compared to 6-year-old, but children from both age groups are delayed to the expected fundamental motor skill development. Moreover, the developmental delay is even worse as chronological age increases, with 6-year-old rated as poor whereas 9-year-old children are rated as very poor in fundamental motor skill development. <strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> These results raise several concerns regarding the importance of mastering the basic motor skills and future enrolment in motor activities.<strong> </strong></p>

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