scholarly journals Motor Imagery in Physical Therapist Practice

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (7) ◽  
pp. 942-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Dickstein ◽  
Judith E Deutsch
Keyword(s):  
Motor Imagery ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Physical Therapist ◽  
Body Movement ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Abundant Evidence ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Neurological Conditions

Motor imagery is the mental representation of movement without any body movement. Abundant evidence on the positive effects of motor imagery practice on motor performance and learning in athletes, people who are healthy, and people with neurological conditions (eg, stroke, spinal cord injury, Parkinson disease) has been published. The purpose of this update is to synthesize the relevant literature about motor imagery in order to facilitate its integration into physical therapist practice. This update also will discuss visual and kinesthetic motor imagery, factors that modify motor imagery practice, the design of motor imagery protocols, and potential applications of motor imagery.

Electrochemical Deposition of Polypyrrole Nanostructures for Energy Applications: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 462-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrizia Bocchetta ◽  
Domenico Frattini ◽  
Miriana Tagliente ◽  
Filippo Selleri
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Batteries ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Energy Devices ◽  
Energy Applications ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Template Free ◽  
Cathodic Polymerization

By collecting and analyzing relevant literature results, we demonstrate that the nanostructuring of polypyrrole (PPy) electrodes is a crucial strategy to achieve high performance and stability in energy devices such as fuel cells, lithium batteries and supercapacitors. In this critic and comprehensive review, we focus the attention on the electrochemical methods for deposition of PPy, nanostructures and potential applications, by analyzing the effect of different physico-chemical parameters, electro-oxidative conditions including template-based or template-free depositions and cathodic polymerization. Diverse interfaces and morphologies of polymer nanodeposits are also discussed.

scholarly journals 1-kHz high-frequency spinal cord stimulation alleviates chronic refractory pain after spinal cord injury: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiaki Yamada ◽  
Aiko Maeda ◽  
Katsuyuki Matsushita ◽  
Shoko Nakayama ◽  
Kazuhiro Shirozu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Spinal Cord Stimulation ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Intractable Pain ◽  
Target Area ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Cord Injury

Abstract Background Patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) frequently complain of intractable pain that is resistant to conservative treatments. Here, we report the successful application of 1-kHz high-frequency spinal cord stimulation (SCS) in a patient with refractory neuropathic pain secondary to SCI. Case presentation A 69-year-old male diagnosed with SCI (C4 American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale A) presented with severe at-level bilateral upper extremity neuropathic pain. Temporary improvement in his symptoms with a nerve block implied peripheral component involvement. The patient received SCS, and though the tip of the leads could not reach the cervical vertebrae, a 1-kHz frequency stimulus relieved the intractable pain. Conclusions SCI-related symptoms may include peripheral components; SCS may have a considerable effect on intractable pain. Even when the SCS electrode lead cannot be positioned in the target area, 1-kHz high-frequency SCS may still produce positive effects.

scholarly journals Exoskeletons, Rehabilitation and Bodily Capacities

2021 ◽  
pp. 1357034X2110256
Author(s):  
Denisa Butnaru
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Spinal Cord Injuries ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Cerebrovascular Accidents ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Neurological Conditions

Motility impairments resulting from spinal cord injuries and cerebrovascular accidents are increasingly prevalent in society, leading to the growing development of rehabilitative robotic technologies, among them exoskeletons. This article outlines how bodies with neurological conditions such as spinal cord injury and stroke engage in processes of re-appropriation while using exoskeletons and some of the challenges they face. The main task of exoskeletons in rehabilitative environments is either to rehabilitate or ameliorate anatomic functions of impaired bodies. In these complex processes, they also play a crucial role in recasting specific corporeal phenomenologies. For the accomplishment of these forms of corporeal re-appropriation, the role of experts is crucial. This article explores how categories such as bodily resistance, techno-inter-corporeal co-production of bodies and machines, as well as body work mark the landscape of these contemporary forms of impaired corporeality. While defending corporeal extension rather than incorporation, I argue against the figure of the ‘cyborg’ and posit the idea of ‘residual subjectivity’.

scholarly journals Effects of Attentional Focus on Motor Performance and Physiology in a Slow-Motion Violin Bow-Control Task: Evidence for the Constrained Action Hypothesis in Bowed String Technique

2021 ◽  
pp. 002242942110347
Author(s):  
Emma Allingham ◽  
Clemens Wöllner
Keyword(s):  
Music Education ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Body Movement ◽  
Music Performance ◽  
Arm Movement ◽  
Slow Motion ◽  
Attentional Focus ◽  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
Constrained Action Hypothesis ◽  
Conscious Thinking

The constrained action hypothesis states that focusing attention on action outcomes rather than body movement improves motor performance. Dexterity of motor control is key to successful music performance, making this a highly relevant topic to music education. We investigated effects of focus of attention (FOA) on motor skill performance and EMG muscle activity in a violin bowing task among experienced and novice upper strings players. Following a pedagogically informed exercise, participants attempted to produce single oscillations of the string at a time under three FOA: internal (on arm movement), external (on sound produced), and somatic (on string resistance). Experienced players’ number of bow slips was significantly reduced under somatic focus relative to internal, although number of successful oscillations was not affected. Triceps electromyographic activity was also significantly lower in somatic compared to internal foci for both expertise groups, consistent with physiological understandings of FOA effects. Participants’ reported thoughts during the experiment provided insight into whether aspects of constrained action may be evident in performers’ conscious thinking. These results provide novel support for the constrained action hypothesis in violin bow control, suggesting a somatic FOA as a promising performance-enhancing strategy for bowed string technique.

Testing the Theory of Communication and Uncertainty Management in the Context of Digital Transformation with Transformational Leadership as a Moderator

2021 ◽  
pp. 232948842110239
Author(s):  
Masaki Matsunaga
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Transformational Leadership ◽  
Job Performance ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Uncertainty Management ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Impact

Digital transformation provokes a great deal of uncertainty among employees. To gain insights into how employees manage the uncertainty driven by digital transformation and also how leaders can support them, this study has drawn on the theory of communication and uncertainty management (TCUM), which posits that the impact of uncertainty varies by how individuals appraise it and social support enhances positive appraisal. Based on those tenets, the current study advanced the following hypotheses: (a) uncertainty has direct and indirect negative effects on employees’ appraisal of digital transformation, self-efficacy, and job performance; (b) in contrast, direct supervisors’ transformational leadership has direct and indirect positive effects on appraisal, self-efficacy, and job performance; and also (c) transformational leadership moderates the impact of uncertainty. SEM with 4-wave time-separated data ( N = 873 employee-supervisor dyads in Japan) found support for these hypotheses. The obtained findings are discussed with reference to TCUM, transformational leadership, and other relevant literature.

Using motor imagery practice for improving motor performance – A review

2021 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 105705
Author(s):  
Aija Marie Ladda ◽  
Florent Lebon ◽  
Martin Lotze
Keyword(s):  
Motor Imagery ◽  
Motor Performance

scholarly journals Functional Brain Connectivity during Multiple Motor Imagery Tasks in Spinal Cord Injury

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alkinoos Athanasiou ◽  
Nikos Terzopoulos ◽  
Niki Pandria ◽  
Ioannis Xygonakis ◽  
Nicolas Foroglou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Motor Imagery ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Descending Pathways ◽  
Brain Organization ◽  
Sensorimotor Network ◽  
Cord Injury

Reciprocal communication of the central and peripheral nervous systems is compromised during spinal cord injury due to neurotrauma of ascending and descending pathways. Changes in brain organization after spinal cord injury have been associated with differences in prognosis. Changes in functional connectivity may also serve as injury biomarkers. Most studies on functional connectivity have focused on chronic complete injury or resting-state condition. In our study, ten right-handed patients with incomplete spinal cord injury and ten age- and gender-matched healthy controls performed multiple visual motor imagery tasks of upper extremities and walking under high-resolution electroencephalography recording. Directed transfer function was used to study connectivity at the cortical source space between sensorimotor nodes. Chronic disruption of reciprocal communication in incomplete injury could result in permanent significant decrease of connectivity in a subset of the sensorimotor network, regardless of positive or negative neurological outcome. Cingulate motor areas consistently contributed the larger outflow (right) and received the higher inflow (left) among all nodes, across all motor imagery categories, in both groups. Injured subjects had higher outflow from left cingulate than healthy subjects and higher inflow in right cingulate than healthy subjects. Alpha networks were less dense, showing less integration and more segregation than beta networks. Spinal cord injury patients showed signs of increased local processing as adaptive mechanism. This trial is registered with NCT02443558.

scholarly journals HD-EEG Based Classification of Motor-Imagery Related Activity in Patients With Spinal Cord Injury

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne Höller ◽  
Aljoscha Thomschewski ◽  
Andreas Uhl ◽  
Arne C. Bathke ◽  
Raffaele Nardone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Motor Imagery ◽  
Related Activity ◽  
Cord Injury

scholarly journals EARLY PHYSICAL THERAPY INTERVENTION CAN REDUCE THE CHANCE OF RESPIRATORY COMPLICATIONS IN COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-138
Author(s):  
Syed Alamadar Hussein ◽  
◽  
Raheela Kanwal ◽  
Huma Balqias ◽  
Usman Farooq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Therapy ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Physical Therapist ◽  
World Health ◽  
Respiratory Complications ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Breathing Exercises ◽  
Lung Expansion ◽  
Postural Drainage ◽  
Initial Symptoms

Since the start of 2020, a COVID-19 emerged as a new strain of Coronavirus. Initially, it affected the population of Wuhan, China and after that it outspread all over the world and was declared as a pandemic by World Health Organization on 30th January, 2020.1 It has been identified that COVID-19 can cause mild illness including common cold to more severe condition known as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), if not treated promptly.2 While people of all ages are susceptible to COVID-19, those over 60 years of age and with cardiovascular diseases along with diabetes have even more chances of becoming seriously ill Whereas children seem to be less affected.3 Currently there is no pharmacological treatment, still some antiviral drugs have been proven to be helpful along with plasma transfusion in which plasma is extracted from the blood of patient who got recovered from COVID-19 an is transfused into the patient still suffering from the said disease.4 Symptoms of respiratory complications due to this disease influence the mind of a Physical Therapist (PT). Though after discussing the maneuvers of respiratory Physical Therapy with fellow professional colleagues as well as clinicians and practically applying it on respective relatives, friends and advice seekers after getting the informed consent from them; those who started to have initial symptoms of COVID-19 before being tested positive and then later got positive. It resulted in great ease for most of them to breathe and did not led to serious respiratory complications that include dyspnea and accumulation of thick and tenacious secretions inside the lungs, which ultimately is a precursor of pneumonia. Following were the PT interventions suggested to the patients showing acute symptoms; Steam inhalation, breathing exercises and postural drainage positions were inculcated in the treatment plan and guided respectively, steam inhalation therapy is normally advised to be used as primary care in acute respiratory diseases.5 It is most commonly used therapy at home and is inexpensive, moreover it promotes self-reliance in the patients; it is used therapeutically by inhaling steam through nose so that it reaches the respiratory system.6-8 Steam inhalation helps in loosening the mucus, it opens the nasal airway passages decreases mucosal inflammation and heat can prevent replication of viruses.9 It helps to relax muscles and relieves coughing by preventing excessive dryness in the mucosal membranes.10 Moreover, breathing exercises have been reported to have beneficial effects in improving symptoms and optimizing pulmonary function in patients. Breathing programs have been reported to have positive effects in alleviating symptoms and optimizing pulmonary function in patients.11 Breathing exercises aim to improve the individuals breathing pattern and increase in lung expansion, they also enhance the performance of respiratory muscles thus leading towards increase in functional residual capacity, and inspiratory reserve volume.12 Breathing exercises reduces breathlessness, increase exercise capacity and improve overall well-being of a person 13,14,15,16 The physiological effect of breathing exercises comprises of increase in intra-bronchial pressure thus preventing the collapse of bronchi and leading towards increase in inspiratory and expiratory flow rate.13,15 It act by stimulating the autonomic system thereby promoting relaxation and in return improves the physiological parameters.16 Furthermore, body positioning improves the efficiency and effectiveness of both primary and accessory muscles of breathing leading to ease in dyspnea and reduction in work of breathing.17 These positions improve the ventilation perfusion ratio and utilize the gravity to remove secretions.18 Positioning decrease the ventilation demand resulting in longer expiratory time thereby preventing hyperinflation and ultimately resolving dyspnea.19 As a healthcare professional and specially a Physical Therapist we would like to ask the imminent researchers to fill this gap by conducting different surveys and trials. Through our experience we’ve found that the manoeuvres we applied have been very effective and improved the overall outcome of the patients suffering from COVID -19.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document