scholarly journals Problem Behaviours and Associated Factors among Youth in Bangalore City, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mrs. Sudha A Rao ◽  
Dr. Komala M
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Services ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bangalore City ◽  
Problem Behaviours ◽  
Internalizing Problem

Youth is the significant phase of life, characterized by rapid and intense physical, physiological, psychological, behavioral changes with changing patterns of social interactions and relationships. The developmental changes that occur in the transitional period from adolescence to adulthood may cause varying degree of disturbances, resulting in problem behaviours (PB). A cross sectional study was conducted to assess the prevalence and association of socio-demographical factors with problem behaviours. The sample comprised of 800 youth both boys and girls of 18 to 24 years of age, drawn randomly from various educational institutions within Bangalore, a capital city of Karnataka state, India. Self-developed questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographical information and Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment-Adult Self-Report for ages 18-59 was administered to assess the problem behaviours. The findings revealed that the prevalence of internalizing problem behaviours (IPB) was found to be 59% whereas the prevalence of externalizing problem behaviours (EPB) was found to be 47% and the prevalence (inclusive of those in the borderline) of overall problem behaviours (OPB) was found to be 25% among youth in Bangalore city. Clinical IPB was most common in boys (43.5%) than girls (32.1%) and significant association was found between genders and internalizing problem behaviours among youth. Comparatively more boys (27.6%) than girls (25.7%) were found to in the clinical level of EPB, but no significant association was found between genders and EPB. Prevalence of clinical IPB, EPB and OPB in youth shows peak around 18-20 years of age (50.5%, 36.4% and 18.7%) followed by steady decline by 22-24 years of age (32.3%, 21.65% and 6.0% ) respectively. Significant association between age groups and IPB, EPB, OPB was observed. Other socio-demographic factors like education, mother tongue, family monthly income were not found to be significantly associated with IPB, EPB and OPB among youth. There is a need for mental health care services to college students to handle the problem behaviours in more effective way and to enhance their quality of life. As preventive strategies, youth need educational awareness on problem behaviours and training in life skills education to understand the situation and to avoid further damage to the learning.

Measuring illicit cigarette trade in Colombia

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (Suppl 4) ◽  
pp. s260-s266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Maldonado ◽  
Blanca Amalia Llorente ◽  
Roberto Magno Iglesias ◽  
Diego Escobar
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Simple Random Sample ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Sampling Frame ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Sampling Weights ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Excise Tax ◽  
Illicit Trade

BackgroundBy 2016, tobacco industry provided the only illicit trade estimates in Colombia and used these to discourage tax increases since the 1990s. To establish the viability of a threefold hike in the excise tax, policy makers needed unbiased estimates of the illicit cigarette.ObjectiveTo estimate the size of illicit cigarette trade in five Colombian cities (63% of the market), analyse characteristics of smokers of illicit cigarettes and compare market share results with one industry-funded survey.MethodsStreet cross-sectional survey with smokers’ self-report on consumption pattern, last purchase information and direct observation of smoker’s packs. Sampling frame: smokers, men and women, 12 years old or older, all income levels, resident in five Colombian cities (Bogotá, Medellín, Cali, Cartagena and Cúcuta) with 1 733 316 smokers in 2013. Sample size 1697, simple random sample by city, sampling weights based on age groups and cities. Confidence level 95%, margin of error 3.5% for Bogotá and Medellín and 5% for the other three cities. Data collection period: 24 August–14 September 2016.ResultsIllicit cigarettes represent 3.5% of consumption in the five cities, a much lower estimate than the industry data. There are significant differences across cities, with Bogotá at the bottom (1.5%) and Cúcuta at the top (22.8%).ConclusionThe low overall penetration of illicit cigarettes in Colombia indicates that the industry’s warnings against tax increases are not justified. The limited importance of tax levels as determinant of consumption of illicit cigarettes is also suggested by the differences across cities, all of them with the same tax regime.

scholarly journals Effects of peer influence on dietary intake and physical activity in schoolchildren

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 376-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara Finnerty ◽  
Sue Reeves ◽  
Jaqueline Dabinett ◽  
Yvonne M Jeanes ◽  
Claus Vögele
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Peer Influence ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physical Activity Levels

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the dietary intake and physical activity of boys and girls aged 9–13 years, and the influence of peers on these behaviours.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingNine primary and secondary schools in south-west London.SubjectsA total of 315 children wore sealed pedometers, provided self-report measures of dietary intake and answered a questionnaire relating to peer influence. Anthropometric measures of height and weight were also obtained.ResultsObese children had the lowest reported energy intakes and the lowest step counts per day. Boys took significantly more steps per day than girls, however girls were closer to achieving their recommended cut-offs for physical activity. Girls had lower energy intakes per day and lower BMI Z-scores than boys, however both genders, across all age groups, had higher than recommended intakes of saturated fat. There were significant associations between peer influence and physical activity levels but not between peer influence and dietary intake.ConclusionsLow energy intake and physical activity levels but high saturated fat intakes among boys and girls across all age groups highlight the importance of promoting both physical activity and healthy food choices. The finding that peers have a significant effect on physical activity levels but not on dietary intake offers an important approach for the design of health promotion interventions and obesity prevention programmes. Such designs may be particularly beneficial for obese youth, since the low physical activity levels found could be a major contributing factor to the maintenance of the condition.

scholarly journals Awareness and Attitude of Primary Healthcare Patients towards Telehealth in Cairo, Egypt

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Shoman ◽  
Tamer Emara ◽  
Heba Gamal Saber ◽  
Mohamed Allam
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Virtual Technology ◽  
Primary Health

Background: Telehealth is delivering health care services remote from healthcare facilities using telecommunications and virtual technology. Egypt is aiming to reach Universal Health Coverage; this increases the demand of telehealth in routine health services. Telehealth benefits are increasing access to expertise in difficultly reached geographical areas with no available medical teams and may be used as fast first aid. It could also minimize costs of hospitals, as patients can be monitored remotely even from home. As for barriers, especially in developing countries, are the unavailable infrastructure and the resistance of patients. Objective: To measure the awareness of telehealth among attendees of primary health care units and their acceptance of application of telehealth. Methodology: This was a cross sectional study among attendees of primary health units. A sample size was calculated to be 162. A valid Arabic interview questionnaire was designed, and 170 questionnaires were filled by attendees. Ethical issues were considered. Results: Awareness percentage of telehealth among attendees was 64.7% while willingness to implement telehealth was 78%. Both awareness and willingness were significantly associated with age groups, residence, socioeconomic status and presence of computer with net access. Conclusion: It is concluded that a large percentage of attendees to primary health care centers are aware of telehealth and are willing to implement it. The major cause of refusal to implement telehealth was due ignorance of using telecommunication devices and the desire to be in close contact with the physicians.

Self-Initiated Modification of Hypertension Treatment in Response To Perceived Problems

1995 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1213-1217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sirpa H Wallenius ◽  
Kirsti K Vainio ◽  
Maarit Jh Korhonen ◽  
Abraham G Hartzema ◽  
Hannes K Enlund
Keyword(s):  
Response Rate ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Drug Regimen ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Treatment Of Hypertension ◽  
Hypertension Therapy ◽  
Design And Methods

Objective: To assess the prevalence of patient-initiated modification of drug instructions and the association between different classes of problems and the modification of hypertension therapy. Design And Methods: In this cross-sectional study, all patients (n = 1215) who had been examined at a hypertension clinic during a 1-year period were surveyed. The response rate to the questionnaire was 85%. of the 1035 respondents, 623 currently taking antihypertensive medication (self-report) were included in the study. Results: Of the patients taking antihypertensive drugs, 36% admitted that they had tried to manage their condition with a lower dosage and/or fewer drugs than prescribed. The percentage of patients who modified their drug regimen decreased with increasing age. One or more problems with the treatment of hypertension were reported by 79% of the respondents. The odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for modification among patients who reported 1 or more problems compared with those not reporting any problem was 3.5 (2.12 to 5.67). The prevalence of modification increased with the number of problems; this was seen in all age groups and among men and women. Conclusions: Perceived problems in drug taking in the treatment of hypertension have an important impact on the prevalence of modifying drug instructions.

scholarly journals Psychological and behavioural aspects in children and adolescents with congenital hypothyroidism diagnosed by neonatal screening: comparison between parents' and children's perceptions

2011 ◽  
Vol 164 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicoletta Bisacchi ◽  
Milva Orquidea Bal ◽  
Laura Nardi ◽  
Ilaria Bettocchi ◽  
Graziana D'Addabbo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Hypothyroidism ◽  
Neonatal Screening ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Behavioural Aspects

ObjectiveTo compare the psychological adjustment and behaviour of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) children and their parents with a control group.Study designA cross-sectional study was carried out with 84 CH subjects diagnosed by neonatal screening (range 2.7–18.6 years), subdivided into four age groups: group 1 (2–5 years); group 2 (6–10 years); group 3 (11–13 years); and group 4 (14–18 years) and was compared with an age-matched control group. Patients were assessed using two questionnaires: Child Behaviour Checklist for parents and Youth Self-Report for children over 11 years of age.ResultsIn groups 1, 3 and 4, total score (TS), internalising score (IS=problems within the self) and externalising score (ES=conflicts with other people) as reported by parents were not significantly different in CH patients and in controls. In group 2, parents of CH children showed values of TS (P<0.05), IS (P<0.05), ES (P<0.05) and scores on other scales significantly higher than controls. In self-reports of groups 3 and 4, the behavioural scales were not significantly different in CH patients and in controls.ConclusionsPaediatricians should be informed about the increased risk of the development of behavioural problems at primary school age in CH patients. At this age special attention should be paid to parental worries and anxiety. However, it can be reassuring for the patients and parents to know that the problems may be related to CH, and that they may spontaneously disappear.

scholarly journals The profile of menthol cigarette smokers in the months following the removal of these products from the market in England

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loren Kock ◽  
Lion Shahab ◽  
Ilze Bogdanovica ◽  
Jamie Brown
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Menthol Cigarette ◽  
Menthol Cigarettes ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Cigarette Dependence ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction: In May 2020 the EU Tobacco Products Directive (TPD) ban on the sale of menthol cigarettes was implemented after a four-year transitional period. This study examined the prevalence of menthol cigarette smoking in the months following the ban, and according to sociodemographic and smoking characteristics.Methods: Cross-sectional data came from a representative survey of current smokers (18+) in England (unweighted n=1,577) during seven months (July-January) in 2020/2021. The weighted prevalence of menthol cigarette smoking as a proportion of total cigarette smoking was calculated, and chi-squared statistics assessed the relationship between menthol smoking, sociodemographic and smoking characteristics. Sources of purchase of menthol cigarettes were also explored.Results: The proportion of current smokers who smoked menthol cigarettes was similar in July to October 2020 (17.5%, 95% CI 15.3%-20.1%) compared with November 2020 to January 2021 (16.3%, 95% CI 13.9%-19.2%) (χ2(1)=0.38, P=0.56)). Menthol cigarette smoking was more common among younger age groups (16-24 = 29.0%; 25-34 = 23.3%) and women (21.1%). Menthol cigarette smokers showed lower cigarette dependence compared with other cigarette smokers. Purchases of menthol cigarettes from any illicit source in the past six months declined from 34.5% in July-October 2020 to 19.0% in November 2020–January 2021.Conclusions: A substantial proportion (just under a fifth) of current smokers in England reported menthol cigarette smoking between July-January 2020/2021 despite the ban. There was no decline in this proportion across the period, suggesting that smokers mitigated the impact of the ban by a variety of means, such as with legal menthol accessories.

scholarly journals Patients’ Perceptions of Barriers and Facilitators to the Adoption of E-Hospitals: Cross-Sectional Study in Western China

10.2196/17221 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. e17221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peiyi Li ◽  
Yunmei Luo ◽  
Xuexin Yu ◽  
Jin Wen ◽  
Elizabeth Mason ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Barriers And Facilitators ◽  
Western China ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Facilitators And Barriers ◽  
Willingness To Use

Background As an innovative approach to providing web-based health care services from physical hospitals to patients at a distance, e-hospitals (ie, extended care hospitals through the internet) have been extensively developed in China. This closed health care delivery chain was developed by combining e-hospitals with physical hospitals; treatment begins with web-based consultation and registration, and then, patients are diagnosed and treated in a physical hospital. This approach is promising in its ability to improve accessibility, efficiency, and quality of health care. However, there is limited research on end users’ acceptance of e-hospitals and the effectiveness of strategies aimed to prompt the adoption of e-hospitals in China. Objective This study aimed to provide insights regarding the adoption of e-hospitals by investigating patients’ willingness to use e-hospitals and analyzing the barriers and facilitators to the adoption of this technology. Methods We used a pretested self-administered questionnaire and performed a cross-sectional analysis in 1032 patients across three hierarchical hospitals in West China from June to August 2019. Patients’ sociodemographic characteristics, medical history, current disease status, proficiency with electronic devices, previous experience with web-based health services, willingness to use e-hospitals, and perceived facilitators and barriers were surveyed. Multiple significance tests were employed to examine disparities across four age groups, as well as those between patients who were willing to use e-hospitals and those who were not. Multivariate logistic regression was also performed to identify the potential predictors of willingness to use e-hospitals. Results Overall, it was found that 65.6% (677/1032) of participants were willing to use e-hospitals. The significant predictors of willingness to use e-hospitals were employment status (P=.02), living with children (P<.001), education level (P=.046), information technology skills (P<.001), and prior experience with web-based health care services (P<.001), whereas age, income, medical insurance, and familiarity with e-hospitals were not predictors. Additionally, the prominent facilitators of e-hospitals were convenience (641/677, 94.7%) and accessibility to skilled medical experts (489/677, 72.2%). The most frequently perceived barrier varied among age groups; seniors most often reported their inability to operate technological devices as a barrier (144/166, 86.7%), whereas young participants most often reported that they avoided e-hospital services because they were accustomed to face-to-face consultation (39/52, 75%). Conclusions We identified the variables, facilitators, and barriers that play essential roles in the adoption of e-hospitals. Based on our findings, we suggest that efforts to increase the adoption of e-hospitals should focus on making target populations accustomed to web-based health care services while maximizing ease of use and providing assistance for technological inquiries.

scholarly journals Patients’ Perceptions of Barriers and Facilitators to the Adoption of E-Hospitals: Cross-Sectional Study in Western China (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peiyi Li ◽  
Yunmei Luo ◽  
Xuexin Yu ◽  
Jin Wen ◽  
Elizabeth Mason ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Barriers And Facilitators ◽  
Western China ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Facilitators And Barriers ◽  
Willingness To Use

BACKGROUND As an innovative approach to providing web-based health care services from physical hospitals to patients at a distance, e-hospitals (ie, extended care hospitals through the internet) have been extensively developed in China. This closed health care delivery chain was developed by combining e-hospitals with physical hospitals; treatment begins with web-based consultation and registration, and then, patients are diagnosed and treated in a physical hospital. This approach is promising in its ability to improve accessibility, efficiency, and quality of health care. However, there is limited research on end users’ acceptance of e-hospitals and the effectiveness of strategies aimed to prompt the adoption of e-hospitals in China. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to provide insights regarding the adoption of e-hospitals by investigating patients’ willingness to use e-hospitals and analyzing the barriers and facilitators to the adoption of this technology. METHODS We used a pretested self-administered questionnaire and performed a cross-sectional analysis in 1032 patients across three hierarchical hospitals in West China from June to August 2019. Patients’ sociodemographic characteristics, medical history, current disease status, proficiency with electronic devices, previous experience with web-based health services, willingness to use e-hospitals, and perceived facilitators and barriers were surveyed. Multiple significance tests were employed to examine disparities across four age groups, as well as those between patients who were willing to use e-hospitals and those who were not. Multivariate logistic regression was also performed to identify the potential predictors of willingness to use e-hospitals. RESULTS Overall, it was found that 65.6% (677/1032) of participants were willing to use e-hospitals. The significant predictors of willingness to use e-hospitals were employment status (<i>P</i>=.02), living with children (<i>P</i>&lt;.001), education level (<i>P</i>=.046), information technology skills (<i>P</i>&lt;.001), and prior experience with web-based health care services (<i>P</i>&lt;.001), whereas age, income, medical insurance, and familiarity with e-hospitals were not predictors. Additionally, the prominent facilitators of e-hospitals were convenience (641/677, 94.7%) and accessibility to skilled medical experts (489/677, 72.2%). The most frequently perceived barrier varied among age groups; seniors most often reported their inability to operate technological devices as a barrier (144/166, 86.7%), whereas young participants most often reported that they avoided e-hospital services because they were accustomed to face-to-face consultation (39/52, 75%). CONCLUSIONS We identified the variables, facilitators, and barriers that play essential roles in the adoption of e-hospitals. Based on our findings, we suggest that efforts to increase the adoption of e-hospitals should focus on making target populations accustomed to web-based health care services while maximizing ease of use and providing assistance for technological inquiries.

scholarly journals What are older smokers’ attitudes to quitting and how are they managed in primary care? An analysis of the cross-sectional English Smoking Toolkit Study

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. e018150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Jordan ◽  
Mira Hidajat ◽  
Nick Payne ◽  
Jean Adams ◽  
Martin White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Support Groups ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional

ObjectivesTo investigate whether age is associated with access to smoking cessation services.DesignData from the Smoking Toolkit Study 2006–2015, a repeated multiwave cross-sectional household survey (n=181 157).SettingEngland.ParticipantsPast-year smokers who participated in any of the 102 waves stratified into age groups.Outcome measuresAmount smoked and nicotine dependency, self-reported quit attempts and use of smoking cessation interventions. Self-report of whether the general practitioner (GP) raised the topic of smoking and made referrals for pharmacological support (prescription of nicotine replacement therapies (NRTs)) or other support (counselling or support groups).ResultsOlder smokers (75+ years) were less likely to report that they were attempting to quit smoking or seek help from a GP, despite being less nicotine-dependent. GPs raised smoking as a topic equally across all age groups, but smokers aged 70+ were more likely not to be referred for NRT or other support (ORs relative to 16–54 years; 70–74 years 1.27, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.55; 75–79 years 1.87, 95% CI 1.43 to 2.44; 80+ years 3.16, 95% CI 2.20 to 4.55; p value for trend <0.001).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that there are potential missed opportunities in facilitating smoking cessation in older smokers. In this large population-based study, older smokers appeared less interested in quitting and were less likely to be offered support, despite being less addicted to nicotine than younger smokers. It is unclear whether this constitutes inequitable access to services or reflects informed choices by older smokers and their GPs. Future research is needed to understand why older smokers and GPs do not pursue smoking cessation. Service provision should consider how best to reduce these variations, and a stronger effectiveness evidence base is required to support commissioning for this older population so that, where appropriate, older smokers are not missing out on smoking cessation therapies and the health benefits of cessation at older ages.

scholarly journals Assessment of dependence and anxiety among benzodiazepine users in a provincial municipality in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janaína Barden Schallemberger ◽  
Christiane de Fátima Colet
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health System ◽  
Public Health System ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Public ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Benzodiazepine Use ◽  
Severe Degree

Abstract Introduction: Benzodiazepines are among the most prescribed drugs for anxiety and one of the most used drug classes in the world and have a high potential for addiction. The objective of this study was to assess levels of dependence and anxiety among users of these drugs in the public health system. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive and quantitative study. Benzodiazepine users treated on the public health system were selected. Anxiety levels were assessed with the Hamilton Anxiety Scale and dependency with the Benzodiazepine Dependence Self-Report Questionnaire. Results: Benzodiazepine use was higher among women and in older age groups. Duration of benzodiazepine use was greater than 1 year for all respondents. The dependence assessment indicated that more than half of users were dependent on taking benzodiazepines and most had a severe degree of anxiety. Conclusion: This study found evidence of prolonged and inappropriate use of benzodiazepines. It is necessary to educate users about the risks of these drugs and to develop strategies to rationalize use of these drugs by working with prescribers and dispensers.

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