scholarly journals The Concept of Dreams and Dreaming: A Hindu Perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Boban Eranimos ◽  
Dr. Art Funkhouser
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Unborn Child ◽  
Main Concept ◽  
The West ◽  
Temperament Theory

The present paper presents Hindu approaches to dreams. In the west there are numerous concepts, theories, schools and information with regard to dreams. Hindu concepts about and approaches to dreams, though, are relatively untouched and unexplored and are thus largely unknown to westerners. The main concept of dreams and dreaming is closely linked to Hindu philosophy, mythology, and ancient writings such as the Puranas, Vedas, Upanishads, and so on. The major essence of the eternal self (atman), the seven fold classification of dreams and dreaming, dreams associated with the sex of the unborn child and human nature (“prakriti”) as based on the ayurvedic personality temperament theory (“tridosha”) form the major Hindu concepts of dreams. These are presented and discussed in this paper.

The Significance of Abdullah Quilliam’s Literary Output

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ron Geaves
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
The West ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Religious Worldview ◽  
British Foreign Policy ◽  
Conversion To Islam ◽  
British Muslims ◽  
Literary Output ◽  
Unique Status

This chapter discusses the significance of Abdullah Quilliam by primarily focusing on the writings through which he framed his conversion to Islam and wrote as a lens for Victorian society to revisit Islam. A classification of the types of writing undertaken and their role in the promotion of Islam within Britain and internationally in the late Victorian and Edwardian period is explored. Quilliam wrote extensively on the crisis facing Victorian Christianity and was intensely aware of the burning political issues of his time, especially those concerning British foreign policy. However, above all else, he was a Muslim of conviction, and the leader of British Muslims, and his unique status lies in his promotion of Islam in the West as a religious worldview disconnected from ethnicity or "otherness." This examination of his writings explores his vision of Islam and demonstrates that Quilliam’s concerns in his writings remain the essential themes drawn upon by young contemporary British Muslim activists and converts to the religion.

A Functional Reading of the Epicurean Classification of Desires

Apeiron ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Maximilian Robitzsch
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Textual Evidence ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This paper examines the classification of desires that the Epicureans offer in their writings. It surveys the extant textual evidence for the classification and discusses the relationship between natural and necessary, natural and unnecessary, and unnatural and unnecessary desires. It argues that while the practical significance of the Epicurean classification is clear, which desires fall into which class is not. The paper suggests the reason for this may be that the Epicureans acknowledge some variability in their concept of human nature, arguing for a functional reading of the Epicurean classification of desires.

scholarly journals Review of The Natural and the Human: Science and the Shaping of Modernity 1739-1841 [by Stephen Gaukroger]

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Abou-Nemeh
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Human Science ◽  
Human Sciences ◽  
Scientific Culture ◽  
The West ◽  
Oxford University ◽  
The Third ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Oxford University Press

This compelling and erudite book examines the emergence of the human sciences in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries and explores the rise of sensibility in studies of human nature and behavior. The Natural and the Human is the third installment of Stephen Gaukroger’s massive project that investigates the ways in which scientific values were consolidated into a dominant program of inquiry and shaped notions of modernity in the West from the thirteenth century onward. (The first two volumes, The Emergence of a Scientific Culture and The Collapse of Mechanism and the Rise of Sensibility, were published by Oxford University Press in 2006 and 2010, respectively.) <br>

“The Art or Mystery of Physick” – Asante Medicinal Plants and the Western Ordering of Botanical Knowledge

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 27-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom C. McCaskie
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
West African ◽  
Tabular Form ◽  
The West ◽  
Global Expansion ◽  
The Core ◽  
Botanical Knowledge ◽  
History Of ◽  
Longue Duree

Abstract:This paper deals with aspects of the still relatively neglected history of African medicinal plants. The core of the paper is a discussion in tabular form of the plants collected in the West African forest kingdom of Asante in 1817 by Henry Tedlie, a member of the well known English mission led by Thomas Bowdich. More generally, the paper considers episodes in the accumulation of Akan, Asante, and African plant specimens by Europeans, and the eventual classification of these in a western authorized botanical taxonomy that is now in worldwide use. The gathering of potentially medicinal plants is a little studied facet of European global expansion, from exploration to colonialism and beyond, and of the sovereign scientific orthodoxy that became established alongside it. The paper frames and discusses relevant details of this process over thelongue durée, from pre-Linnaean taxonomies to current controversies over bioprospecting.

The Liberal Gene: Sociobiology as Emancipatory Discourse in the Late Soviet Union

Slavic Review ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 356-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne Howell
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Evolutionary Genetics ◽  
Evolutionary Ethics ◽  
Intellectual Freedom ◽  
The West ◽  
Soviet Culture ◽  
Individual Self

Sociobiology investigates all manifestations of human nature—including our moral, aesthetic, and intellectual strivings—from the perspective of evolutionary biology. In this article, Yvonne Howell examines V. P. Efroimson's controversial 1971 Novyi mir article, “The Genealogy of Altruism: Ethics from the Perspective of Human Evolutionary Genetics,” in order to point out one of the paradoxes embedded in late Soviet culture: namely, the potentially reductive and reactionary discourse of sociobiology was used instead to make a compelling argument for social pluralism, intellectual freedom, and individual moral responsibility. Howell compares the initial rejection of sociobiology by liberals in the west with the valorization of Efroimson's evolutionary ethics among a broad spectrum of the liberal, educated public in late USSR. She shows how Efroimson updated the “evolutionary humanism” championed by Soviet geneticists in the 1920s to challenge enduring Brezhnev-era dogma about the malleability of human nature. This account indicates a trajectory from earlier tensions between disciplining scripts for selfhood typical of Soviet modernism and alternative narratives (both humanistic and biological) for an ethics based on autonomous individual self-scripting.

Spiritual and Religious Sources of Indian Psychology

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiran Kumar Keshavamurthy Salagame
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Transpersonal Psychology ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Spiritual Experiences ◽  
The West ◽  
Indian Psychology ◽  
Spiritual Dimension ◽  
Modern Psychology ◽  
Western Psychology

Indian psychology is a nascent discipline, although it has a history that dates back many millennia. It differs from Western psychology both in its subject matter and its methodology. Whereas Western psychology at present is still anchored in a material worldview and governed by a reductionist paradigm, Indian psychology is founded on the primacy of consciousness as revealed by spiritual experiences and supported by logic and reasoning. Mainstream Western psychology has yet to recognize and accept the spiritual dimension of human nature, though transpersonal psychology emerged in the West fifty years ago. Indian psychology has the potential to enlarge the scope of modern psychology, and Indian psychological thought has universal significance.

Considering the practices of the classification of societies – A step towards indigenization

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-334
Author(s):  
Vladimer Lado Gamsakhurdia
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Culturally Sensitive ◽  
Theoretical Development ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Quantitative Methodology ◽  
Cultural Dynamics ◽  
The West ◽  
Societal Development ◽  
Definition Of

The reasonability of the construction of classificatory rankings of societies and related theoretical implications are considered in this paper. I argue that existing classificatory rankings are based on the essentialist views and represent societies as homogenous entities whereas they ignore intra-societal variety. Moreover, the quantitative methodology and methods which underlie those rankings are based on the etic approach and use concepts and indicators which are constructed in the west and don’t reflect indigenous socio-cultural dynamics. Besides, existing rankings simply equalize particular aspects to the whole societal development. For example, gross domestic product is equalized to the level of societal development; however, it actually can’t fully reflect even the situation in the economic field. Though it can be still reasonable to use such impersonal indicators as gross domestic product or longevity which are based entirely on impersonal data and are free from subjective interpretations, for the exploration of general tendencies in particular fields, however, we should restrain ourselves from invalid generalizations. Krys et al. proposed to elaborate culturally sensitive approach, however, still remained in frame of the etic approach, whereas I argue that the only way for the comprehensive and deeper assessment of the level of societal development is to construct a fully emic and indigenous approach that implies the usage of only locally constructed concepts during the definition of indicators. Those indigenous concepts most probably won’t be translatable to other languages that make the aim of the creation of a unified scale theoretically impossible; however, this is the only way for getting valid results at least concerning particular societies with current methodological apparatus. The solution to this issue requires further theoretical development and methodological innovations.

Notes on the Types of English Villages and their Distribution

Antiquity ◽  
1927 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Page
Keyword(s):  
Small Groups ◽  
Local Knowledge ◽  
The Other ◽  
Division I ◽  
The West ◽  
Main Road ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Church ◽  
Mountainous Country

Little has been done towards solving the problem of the Saxon settlement of England by studying the types of villages and their distribution. Professor Maitland saw the importance of the subject and pointed out how valuable in this respect was the ordnance map ‘that marvellous palimpsest which under Dr Meitzen's guidance we are beginning to decipher’. Helpful, however, as the ordnance maps are, they cannot be read alone, a knowledge of the archaeology, history and topography of the district under review is a necessary equipment for such an investigation. The remarks here made are tentative and are offered in the hope they may be an incentive to others with local knowledge to examine the evidence of their districts.Professor Maitland, following Dr. Meitzen and others, has adopted two main types of settlements, namely, the scattered or dispersed, and the nucleated or clustered. These two types probably comprehend all forms of settlements, but certainly the nucleated type and possibly the scattered type, show many variants which it may be well to indicate before a methodical study of the subject can be made. I have elsewhere suggested the following classification of English towns and villages which will no doubt require modification and amplification but may meet a want for a preliminary inquiry; (I) scattered or dispersed settlements, (2) nucleated or clustered settlements off lines of communication, (3) nucleated settlements on lines of communication, (4) ring-fence settlements, (5) towns with bridge heads and double towns, (6) towns of gridiron plan, (7) towns of spider's web plan, (8) Bastide towns. Except for the first of these classes all of them are nucleated or clustered, and to this wider division I propose to devote my attention. It may perhaps be pointed out, however, that the scattered or dispersed settlements occur chiefly in Wales and in the west and north of England. They are found throughout Cornwall, in Devon, Somerset and the open parts of the Welsh border counties, in Yorkshire and Derbyshire, and probably they are the origin of the great parishes with their numerous townships of the other northern counties. They were adapted for a pastoral people and are generally to be found in moorland or mountainous country which has become divided into large parishes. They consist of hamlets and single houses or small groups of houses scattered somewhat promiscuously throughout a district. The principal hamlet from which the settlement or parish takes its name-which was probably the meeting place of the district and where the church was eventually placed-was generally on high land or a main road and frequently at cross roads, bridges, or such like places of nodality.

scholarly journals XIII. Researches on the structure, organization, and classification of the fossil reptilia. -Part IX., Section 3. On diademodon

1894 ◽  
Vol 185 ◽  
pp. 1029-1041 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Cape Town ◽  
Shoulder Girdle ◽  
Middle Region ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
Limb Bones ◽  
Lower Jaw

The South African fossils with broad, flat, tuberculate tooth-crowns of mammalian type all from the eastern part of Cape Colony. Some of the most interesting are known from fragments, which indicate nothing but the middle region of the sail. They are apparently extremely rare. Two species, with teeth well preserved, found ten years ago by Dr. Kannemeyer, at Wonderboom, and presented to South African Museum, Cape Town, where they were brought under my notice by Peringuey. Others were found in a fragmentary condition by Mr. Alfred of Aliwal North, to the west of that town, in a bed which appeared to me be reconstructed. There is no doubt that the fossils are from the upper part of te Karroo formation, probably of Permian age, and below the Stormberg beds, in Saurischian fossils are found allied to those of the Trias of Europe. If the teeth had occurred isolated, without the means of demonstrating their rsemblance to Theriodonts, by comparison of what remains of the skull, it would have legitimate to have referred them to Mammals. There is no evidence of affinity Accept resemblances to Theriodonts, which show that the skull had pre-frontal and frontal bones, and therefore may be inferred to have had the lower jaw composite. The teeth are such as might be expected, perhaps, in a Monotreme Mammal, their interest is therefore the greater that there is no ground for suspecting them be mammalian, other than a general resemblance of the crown to the crowns of true teeth of Ornithorhynchus. That teeth of this type should occur in a group animals in which the shoulder-girdle and pelvis have monotreme characters, and in hich the principal limb bones are intermediate in character between Monotremes Marsupials, is evidence of a closer approximation between Mammals and Pep tiles has been manifest. And so far as I am aware the only Theriodont characters remaining to distinguish these animals from Mammals are the composite lower which is covered externally by the dentary bone along its whole length, and the resence of the pre-frontal, post-frontal, and transverse bones in the skull.

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