scholarly journals Effects of Social Class and Birth Order on Coping Behaviour in Adolescence

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Santosh Kumar Gupta ◽  
Dr. Sharda Vishwakarma
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Birth Order ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
General Category ◽  
Coping Behaviour ◽  
First Child ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Total Test

Present investigation has been made to ascertain the effects of Social Class and Birth Order on Coping Beheviour in Adolescence. A 2X2 factorial design was employed. The two factors studied were: Social Class (General/SC Category), and Birth Order (First and Third child). There were four cells with thirty five subjects in each cell (Total sample consisted of 140 subjects). Dependent variable (Coping Behaviour) in the study was measured by Carver’s COPE scale. Subjects were assessed on total test scores. Results of ANOVA show main effects of Social Class and Birth Order were found significant on total coping test scores but Interaction between Social Class and Birth Order remained insignificant. First Child in birth order were found better on total coping test scores than third child in birth order. Subjects from General category were found better on total coping test scores than SC category. Study suggests further monitoring of the development of SC category for psychological development and to improve coping skills in later birth order children.

scholarly journals Effects of Age and Educational Stream on Coping Behavior of Girls

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Santosh Kumar Gupta ◽  
Anushree Jain
Keyword(s):  
Factorial Design ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Test Score ◽  
Coping Behavior ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Coping Behaviour ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Total Test

In the present investigation, effort has been made to ascertain the effects of Age and Educational Stream on Coping Behaviour in girls. A 2X2 factorial design was employed. The two factors studied were: Age (Junior/Senior) and Educational Stream (Science/Arts).There were four cells with forty subjects in each cell (Total sample consisted of 160 subjects). Coping Behaviour was measured by Carver’s COPE scale. Subjects were assessed on total test scores of COPE scale. Results of ANOVA show main effects of Age (Junior X=144.16:   Senior X=152.65)were found significant on total coping test score i.e. Senior girls were found better on total coping test scores than junior girls. Educational Stream (Science X=149.65: Art X=147.17) was found significant. Science Subjects were found superior in coping than subjects from Art stream. Interaction between age and educational stream were also found significant.

scholarly journals Differences on Motor Competence in 4-Year-Old Boys and Girls Regarding the Quarter of Birth: Is There a Relative Age Effect?

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Rubén Navarro-Patón ◽  
Víctor Arufe-Giráldez ◽  
Alberto Sanmiguel-Rodríguez ◽  
Marcos Mecías-Calvo
Keyword(s):  
Age Effect ◽  
Manual Dexterity ◽  
Motor Competence ◽  
Relative Age ◽  
Relative Age Effect ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Movement Assessment ◽  
Gender Factor ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Total Test

The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences on motor competence between boys and girls aged 4 years old and investigate the existence of Relative Age Effect on their motor competence. In total, 132 preschool children were evaluated, of whom 60 (45.50%) were girls and 72 (54.5%) were boys. The distribution of the participants was from quarter 1 [n = 28 (21.2%)], quarter 2 [n = 52 (39.4%)], quarter 3 [n = 24 (18.2%)], and quarter 4 [(n = 28 (21.2%)], respectively. The Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 (MABC-2) was used to collect the data. The data show the main effects on quarter of birth factor in manual dexterity (MD; p < 0.001), in aiming and catching (A&C; p < 0.001), in balance (Bal; p < 0.001) and in total test score (TTS; p < 0.001). There are also statistical differences on gender factor in MD (p < 0.001) and in TTS (p = 0.031). A significant effect was also found in the interaction between two factors (gender and quarter of birth) in MD (p < 0.001), A&C (p < 0.001), and Bal (p < 0.001). There are differences in all the variables studied according to the quarter of birth and only in manual dexterity and in the total score if compared according to gender (the scores are higher in girls).

Factor Analysis of the Developmental Test of Visual Perception Performance of Educable Mental Retardates

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 257-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Visual Perception ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Developmental Test ◽  
Total Test

36 educable mental retardates were administered the Developmental Test of Visual Perception. A factor analysis of the 5 subtest and total test scores yielded a single factor. This differed from the two factors extracted in a study of normal children. The rationale for the single factor with educable mental retardates is discussed.

Accurate Interpersonal Perception and Open-Mindedness

1969 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. D. Sawatzky ◽  
H. W. Zingle
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Interpersonal Perception ◽  
Verbal Stimuli ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Total Test

The primary intent of this study was to investigate the relationship between “open-mindedness” and accuracy of interpersonal perception. Specifically, a negative correlation was hypothesized between scores on the Rokeach (1960) Dogmatism Scale and total test scores on the Cline Interpersonal Perception Test. The sample included 70 graduate and 61 undergraduate students. The hypothesis was not confirmed. However, a significant ( p < .05) negative relationship was evident between dogmatism and the subtest of the Cline subtest, “Perception and Memory of Verbal Stimuli.” When the total sample was divided into five subgroups according to level of dogmatism, no significant differences were noted on the film test performances. However, the group with the highest dogmatism scores obtained the highest scores on 3 of the 4 subtests. Suggested improvements of the film test questionnaires are discussed.

Maternal Age and Children's Ability

1978 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 815-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Zybert ◽  
Zena Stein ◽  
Lillian Belmont
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Birth Order ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Intelligence Test ◽  
Spacing Interval ◽  
Intelligence Test Scores ◽  
Age At Birth

Associations of maternal age at birth and subsequent intelligence test scores of children were examined in a series of over 1500 young men from the Netherlands. All subjects were members of 2-child families and were resident in Amsterdam at age 19 yr. Possible confounding by birth order, spacing interval, social class and sex of sibling were considered. Significant correlations between maternal age and child's ability remained in three of the four possible birth order/social class combinations.

scholarly journals Combined effects of genotype and childhood adversity shape variability of DNA methylation across age

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Darina Czamara ◽  
Elleke Tissink ◽  
Johanna Tuhkanen ◽  
Jade Martins ◽  
Yvonne Awaloff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Synaptic Function ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
The Impact

AbstractLasting effects of adversity, such as exposure to childhood adversity (CA) on disease risk, may be embedded via epigenetic mechanisms but findings from human studies investigating the main effects of such exposure on epigenetic measures, including DNA methylation (DNAm), are inconsistent. Studies in perinatal tissues indicate that variability of DNAm at birth is best explained by the joint effects of genotype and prenatal environment. Here, we extend these analyses to postnatal stressors. We investigated the contribution of CA, cis genotype (G), and their additive (G + CA) and interactive (G × CA) effects to DNAm variability in blood or saliva from five independent cohorts with a total sample size of 1074 ranging in age from childhood to late adulthood. Of these, 541 were exposed to CA, which was assessed retrospectively using self-reports or verified through social services and registries. For the majority of sites (over 50%) in the adult cohorts, variability in DNAm was best explained by G + CA or G × CA but almost never by CA alone. Across ages and tissues, 1672 DNAm sites showed consistency of the best model in all five cohorts, with G × CA interactions explaining most variance. The consistent G × CA sites mapped to genes enriched in brain-specific transcripts and Gene Ontology terms related to development and synaptic function. Interaction of CA with genotypes showed the strongest contribution to DNAm variability, with stable effects across cohorts in functionally relevant genes. This underscores the importance of including genotype in studies investigating the impact of environmental factors on epigenetic marks.

scholarly journals The role of education in mini-mental state examination: a study in Northeast Brazil

2004 ◽  
Vol 62 (2a) ◽  
pp. 206-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Roberto de Brito-Marques ◽  
José Eulálio Cabral-Filho
Keyword(s):  
Mental State ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Low Education ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
State Examination ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Total Test

BACKGROUND: There is evidence that schooling can influence performance in cognitive assessement tests. In developing countries, formal education is limited for most people. The use of tests such as Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), could have an adverse effect on the evaluation of illiterate and low education individuals. OBJECTIVE: To propose a new version of MMSE as a screening test to assess Illiterate and low education people. METHOD: A study was carried out enrolling 232 individuals, aged 60 or more of low and middle socio-economic classes. Three groups were studied: Illiterate;1-4 schooling years; 5-8 schooling years. The new version (MMSEmo) consisted of modifications in copy and calculation items of the adapted MMSE (MMSEad) to Portuguese language. The maximum possible score was the same in the two versions: total, 30; copy, 1 and calculation, 5. RESULTS: In the total test score ANOVA detected main effects for education and test, as well as an interaction between these factors: higher schooling individuals performed better than lower schooling ones in both test versions; scores in MMSE-mo were higher than in MMSE-ad in every schooling group. CONCLUSION: Higher schooling levels improve the perfomance in both test versions, the copy and calculation items contributing to this improvement. This might depend on cultural factors. The use of MMSE-mo in illiterate and low school individuals could prevent false positive and false negative cognitive evaluations.

Transparency of Three Communication Symbol Systems

1984 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 436-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn R. Musselwhite ◽  
Dennis M. Ruscello
Keyword(s):  
Test Scores ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Forced Choice ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Symbol System ◽  
Identification Task ◽  
Symbol Systems ◽  
Developmental Progression ◽  
Total Test

This investigation studied the transparency or guessability of communication symbols from three widely used systems—Blissymbols, Picsyms, and Rebus. Symbol transparency was assessed across four age groups through a forced-choice identification task which contained Word, Phrase, and Sentence subtests. Significant differences were found in both Word subtest and Total test scores for the variables of symbol system and chronological age. Subjects across all age groups performed similarly in response to the Picsyms and Rebus symbol items but significantly more poorly when identifying Blissymbols. In addition, there appeared to be a developmental progression for the Picsym and Rebus symbol tests, but the same trend did not emerge for the Blissymbol test. The feature of symbol transparency, as measured through a forced-choice identification task, discriminated among symbol systems. Significantly fewer symbols from the Bliss system were found to be transparent when compared with Picsym and Rebus systems.

scholarly journals Factorial invariance of the Physical Self-Concept Scale in Mexican students (Invarianza factorial de la escala de autoconcepto físico en hombres y mujeres estudiantes universitarios)

Retos ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 114-116
Author(s):  
Elia Verónica Benavides Pando ◽  
José René Blanco Ornelas ◽  
Jesús Enrique Peinado Pérez ◽  
Julio César Guedea Delgado ◽  
Martha Ornelas Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Physical Attractiveness ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Factorial Structure ◽  
Motor Competence ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Mexican Students ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Estudiantes Universitarios

Abstract. The present study analyses the psychometric properties proposed by Blanco, Blanco, Viciana, and Zueck (2015) for the Physical Self-Concept Scale (CAF). The total sample consisted of 1,500 Mexican university students, with a mean age of 20.69 years (± SD = 2.33). Confirmatory factorial analyses showed that a two-factor structure is viable and adequate for both studied groups (men and women). The structure of two factors (motor competence and physical attractiveness), according to statistical and substantive criteria, has shown adequate indicators of reliability and validity adjustment. In addition, the factorial structure, factor loads and intercepts are considered invariant in the two groups studied. However, differences between the two groups for the factor means were found. Further research should replicate these findings in larger samples.Resumen. El presente estudio analiza las propiedades psicométricas propuestos por Blanco, Blanco, Viciana y Zueck (2015) para la escala de autoconcepto físico (CAF). La muestra total fue de 1500 universitarios mexicanos, con una edad media de 20.69 años (± DE=2.33). Los análisis factoriales confirmatorios mostraron que una estructura de dos factores es viable y adecuada para ambos grupos (hombres y mujeres). La estructura de dos factores (competencia motora y atractivo físico), atendiendo a criterios estadísticos y sustantivos, ha mostrado adecuados indicadores de ajuste de fiabilidad y validez. Además, la estructura factorial, las cargas factoriales y los interceptos se consideran invariantes en las dos poblaciones estudiadas; sin embargo, existen diferencias entre las poblaciones para las medias de los factores. Futuras investigaciones deberían replicar estos hallazgos en muestras más amplias.

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