scholarly journals Level of Stress among Diabetes Mellitus Patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mangalapalli Tirumalesh ◽  
Dr. K. Chandraiah
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Life Style Changes ◽  
Experience Of Stress ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Medical Examinations

Background: In particular, stress can have influence on glycemic control in different ways, especially in some “stress reactive” individuals (Riazi et al 2004).Diabetes itself is an important cause of stress in these patients .in fact ,this disease involves life style changes ,diet, frequent medical examinations ,drugs, serious complications. Objectives: 1. To assess stress among diabetic patients both male and female working in sedentary and non sedentary jobs. 2. To examine the difference if any between patients practicing exercise and non practicing exercises and both type1 and type 2 categories . Sample: The sample for the present study consists of 400 diabetic patients who attending for treatment in and around Tirupati city were selected for the present study. Results: The male and female patients found to be different in the experience of stress. The study also reveals that there are differences between patients of sedentary and non sedentary jobs with regard to their stress and. Study also indicates that there are differences between patients with exercises and without exercises with regard to their stress.

scholarly journals Stress and Quality of Life among Diabetes Mellitus Patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mangalapalli Tirumalesh ◽  
Dr. K. Chandraiah
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Life Style Changes ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Type 1 Diabetic Patients

In particular, stress can have influence on glycemic control in different ways, especially in some “stress reactive” individuals (Riazi et al 2004). Diabetes itself is an important cause of stress in these patients .in fact ,this disease involves life style changes ,diet, frequent medical examinations, drugs, serious complications. Objectives: 1. To assess stress and quality of life among diabetic patients both male and female working in sedentary and non sedentary jobs. 2. To examine the difference if any between patients practicing exercise and non practicing exercises and both type1 and type 2 categories and there quality of life. Sample: The sample for the present study consists of 400 diabetic patients who attending for treatment in and around Tirupati, Kurnool city were selected for the present study. Results: the male and female patients found to be different in the experience of quality of life and no difference in the stress experience. The study also reveals that there are differences between patients of sedentary and non sedentary jobs with regard to their stress and no difference on their quality of life. The study further, shows that type 1 diabetic patients experiencing more stress and less quality of life then compare to type 2 diabetic patients, Study also indicates that there are differences between patients with exercises and without exercises with regard to their stress and no difference on their quality of life.

scholarly journals The Effect of Health Education on Control Glycemic at Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (E) ◽  
pp. 133-137
Author(s):  
Rusdiana Rusdiana ◽  
Maya Savira ◽  
Sry Suryani Widjaja ◽  
Dedi Ardinata
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Educational Course

AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of short-term education on glycemic control (glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c] and fasting blood sugar [FBS]) among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients attending to primary health care (PHC) in Medan Johor of North Sumatera, Indonesia. METHODS: The study was performed on type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Johor PHC, Medan of North Sumatera, on 40 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. We took the samples of all the patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus who attend PHC in Medan Johor. The patients received for 3 months intervention by education. An educational course of diabetes together with exercise training and nutritional education was designed for the study population in order to increase the patients’ knowledge and attitude toward diabetes and to increase their participation in the self-monitoring of glycemic control. Samples of FBS and HbA1c were recorded for each patient at the time of the baseline survey, then health education was conducted to the diabetic patients of both sexes attending PHC. The patients received standard advice on diet management and variation about activity. We put HbA1c <6.5% as cut limit for the control of diabetes mellitus. RESULTS: All 40 type 2 diabetes patients completed the educational course. The mean of age of the samples is 62.53 years old, the mean of body mass index was 24.81 kg/m, and the mean of waist size was 92.15 cm. Before the education, the mean of FBS level was 238.83 mg/dl and the mean of Hba1c value is 8.90%. After education, the FBS was 216.88 mg/dl, the mean of HbA1c value was 8.74%. CONCLUSION: The effect of health education in Johor Public Health Care Medan city reduced glycemic control (FBS) in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, North Sumatera, Indonesia.

scholarly journals Glycaemic Regulation with Zinc Combination in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
Gangaram Bhadarge ◽  
Pratibha Dawande ◽  
Nandkishor Bankar ◽  
Raunak Kotecha
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycemia ◽  
Low Levels

Introduction: Zn supplementation improved glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity and decreased malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels in diabetic rats, revealing Zn's defensive effect against oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes. The investigators have discovered that consuming Zn increased liver function and protected pancreatic tissue from damage caused by diabetes. Since Zn also prevents chronic hyperglycemia, it helps to minimize oxidative stress caused by type 2 diabetes. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global health problem that affects more than 3 million people worldwide (16% of population). Chronic hyperglycemia causes oxidative stress in diabetic patients by the development of free radicals (oxidants) and lowering the antioxidant protection mechanism. Aim: Glycaemic Regulation with Zinc Combination in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Materials and Methods: Faculty of Medicine and Diabetic Opd, Datta Meghe Mediсаl Соllege and Shаlinitаi Meghe Hоsрitаl аnd Reseаrсh Сenter, Nаgрur in соllаbоrаtion with Dаttа Meghe Institute оf Mediсаl Sсienсes Deemed to be University, Sаwаngi, Wаrdhа, Mаhаrаshtrа. Results: The mean Zn level was 12.213±2.342in all participants and 9.121±1.782 in the control group, whereas it was significantly low (9.121±1.782) in the diabetic group, and there was statistically significant difference in Zn levels between the controls and the diabetic group (P < 0.001).FBS, HbA1C, serum Zinc mean effects between control and patients showed statistically significant differences in type 2 diabetes mellitus (P <0.0001). Conclusion: Our findings show that people with diabetes have lower levels of Zn than healthy people. The cause and effect of the association between very low levels of Zn and the progression of diabetes, or diabetes that causes Zn deficiency, is still unknown. Low levels of Zn are associated with poor glycemic control, and poor glycemic control is a good indication of Zn deficiency, as there was a negative association between serum Zn and FBS and HBA1C. If diabetic patients have low glycemic regulation, a long history of diabetes, obesity, or are over the age of 50, we look to assess their levels in Zn so that Zn alternative treatment can begin to release oxidative stress in this high-risk group.

scholarly journals Rate of glycemic control and associated factors among type two diabetes mellitus patients in Ethiopia: A cross sectional study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0251506
Author(s):  
Shambel Nigussie ◽  
Nigussie Birhan ◽  
Firehiwot Amare ◽  
Getnet Mengistu ◽  
Fuad Adem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Poor Glycemic Control ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Objective To assess the rate of glycemic control and associated factors among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at Dilchora Referral Hospital, Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from 13 May to 16 August 2019. Type 2 diabetic patients on follow up at Dilchora Referral Hospital who fulfilled the inclusion criteria of the study were included. Systematic random sampling was used to select study participants. Data was collected by a face-to-face interview and review of medical records. The primary outcome was the level of blood glucose during three consecutive visits. Poor glycemic control was defined as a blood sugar level of more than 154 mg/dL based on the average of measurements from three consecutive visits. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify determinants of glycemic control. Result A total of 394 participants responded to the interview and were included in the final analysis. The overall prevalence of poor glycemic control was 45.2% (95%CI: 40.6%-50.0%). Patients who were on oral anti-diabetic drug plus insulin had more than two times greater chance of poor glycemic control than patients on oral anti-diabetic drug alone: 2.177(95%CI:1.10–4.29). The odds of poor glycemic control in patients who did not understand the pharmacist’s instructions was two times higher than patients with good understanding of instructions 1.86(95%CI: 1.10–3.13). Patients who had poor level of practice were found to have poor glycemic control: 1.69(95% CI: 1.13–2.55). Conclusion The overall prevalence of poor glycemic control was high among type 2 diabetes patients. Oral anti-diabetic drugs in combination with insulin, lack of understanding of pharmacist’s advice, and poor practice of diabetic patients were significant factors of poor glycemic control. Pharmacists should reassure the understanding of patients before discharge during counseling. Optimization of the dose of antidiabetic medications and combination of oral hypoglycemic agents should be considered.

scholarly journals Gender based variation of lipid abnormalities in type-2 diabetes mellitus patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 3068
Author(s):  
Arpita Jaidev ◽  
Hitesh Shah ◽  
Liggy Andrews ◽  
Bhavisha N. Vagheda
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Dyslipidemia has a varying pattern among the male and female patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).Methods: This study was conducted in the out-patient department (OPD) of department of medicine at GMERS, Patan, Gujarat from July 2020 to December 2020 for a period of six months. Fasting blood sugar, hemoglobin A1c (FBS, HbA1c) lipid profile triacylglycerol-triglyceride, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG, TC, LDL-C, and HDLC) were measured. Statistical analyses were performed with the SPSS software program.Results: A total number of 200 type 2 DM patients (100 males and 100 females) attending to GMERS OPD were recruited in this study. Blood sugar was higher than normal in both male and female (FBS=142.44±36.21, 146.40±41.49 respectively). TG level was also higher in two groups of study subjects with female level slightly more than male (164.99±67.1and 138.21±70 respectively) with no significant difference between the groups (p>0.05).Total cholesterol and LDL-C level was within normal physiological level in both groups, where-as these levels were higher in female in comparison to male (TC=198.07±40.82 and 169.5±36.13 respectively, LDLC=118±34 and 99±27, respectively), showing significant difference between the groups (p=0.014). HDL-C was not below normal in both male (41±5.4) and female (43.99±4.31); however, HDL-C was slightly higher in female than male and the difference was significant (p=0.0129).Conclusions: Dyslipidemia was noticed in a greater proportion of female diabetic patients than male diabetic patients.

scholarly journals Factors associated with poor glycemic control among type-2 diabetes mellitus patients in Yemen

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 1539-1546
Author(s):  
Sultan A.M. Saghir ◽  
Abdullah E.A. Alhariri ◽  
Sameer A. Alkubat ◽  
Amer A. Almiamn ◽  
Saleem H. Aladaileh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Poor Glycemic Control ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Diabetic Patients

Purpose: To determine the status of glycemic control and its associated factors among adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Hodeidah City, Yemen. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved T2DM patients attending an outpatient clinic at the Military Hospital in Hodeidah, from January to March 2017. Relevant socio-demographic characteristics, clinical factors and self-management behaviours were recorded in face-to-face interviews. Blood pressure, body weight, and height measurements were also obtained. Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and lipid profile were evaluated. Urine samples were also obtained and analysed by albuminuria assay. Results: Of 246 participants, 73.2 % showed poor glycemic control (HbA1c ≥ 7 %). Female patients, those aged ≥ 40 years, the illiterate, and Khat chewers were more likely to have poor glycemic control. Moreover, longer disease duration, insulin administration and albuminuria were significantly associated with poor glycemic control. In contrast, a healthy diet, physical exercise, proper self-monitoring of blood glucose levels and taking medicines as prescribed significantly increased the likelihood of good glycemic control. Conclusion: A majority of the Yemeni diabetic patients have poor glycemic control. To achieve better awareness, diabetes educational programs that highlight the benefits of self-management are recommended.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Hypoglycemia Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Rural Health Center in South India

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 215013271988063 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Samya ◽  
Vanishree Shriraam ◽  
Aliya Jasmine ◽  
G. V. Akila ◽  
M. Anitha Rani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Primary Care Physicians ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
High Prevalence

Introduction: One of the greatest threats to achieving tight glycemic control is hypoglycemia, which can lead to decreased drug compliance, cardiovascular events, and even mortality. There is lack of literature on this complication in the Indian setting. This study will aid the primary care physician to achieve better glycemic control of the diabetic patients and provide patient education to prevent hypoglycemia. Materials and Methods: It was a cross-sectional study in which 390 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus getting treated in a primary health center were assessed for symptoms of hypoglycemia. Results: Prevalence of hypoglycemia was 57.44% (95% CI 52.48-62.25). Severe hypoglycemia was found in 10.7% of the patients. The first reported symptom of hypoglycemia was dizziness (72.3%). The most common etiological factor leading to hypoglycemia was missing a meal (89.3%). Females were at a significant higher risk of developing hypoglycemia (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.04-1.3, P < .05). Conclusion: This study has established the high prevalence of self-reported hypoglycaemia in the rural settings where resources are limited to monitor the glucose levels. The high prevalence urges the need for the primary care physicians to enquire about the hypoglycemic symptoms to all diabetic patients at each visit. It is also important to educate these patients about the symptoms of hypoglycemia and the importance of reporting of such symptoms, which will help in adjusting dose and preventing future attacks.

Correlation between Xerostomia, Hyposalivation, and Oral Microbial Load with Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-86
Author(s):  
Ritika Jindal ◽  
Nandita Shenoy ◽  
J Udayalakshmi ◽  
Srikala Baliga
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Microbial Load ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Schirmer Test ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

ABSTRACT Aims and objectives The present study is an attempt to investigate prevalence of xerostomia and hyposalivation in type 2 diabetes mellitus using a modified Schirmer test (MST) and finding any association between xerostomia, hyposalivation, and oral microflora, namely, Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus spp., and Candida spp. with the glycemic control of individual. Background Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and resulting in either lack or relative insufficiency of insulin. In addition to systemic alterations, oral manifestations of diabetes mellitus have been reported, such as xerostomia and hyposalivation, alteration in taste, caries, gingivitis, and periodontal disease. Materials and methods Thirty individuals with known history of diabetes mellitus type 2 were chosen as cases and 30 ageand sex-matched healthy controls were taken as control group. For assessment of hyposalivation, unstimulated salivary flow rate was measured using a MST with a commercially available Schirmer test strip having a millimeter scale (0—35 mm). Results In our study, we found that the difference in the wettability of Schirmer strip among diabetics and healthy controls was more significant at the end of the 1st minute due to decreased salivary flow in diabetics. Conclusion A n e arly a ssessment o f s alivary f low a nd xerostomia in type 2 diabetic patients and its treatment, along with routine oral hygiene and maintenance, may alter the clinical outcomes of diabetes. How to cite this article Ahmed J, Jindal R, Shenoy N, Denny C, Udayalakshmi J, Baliga S. Correlation between Xerostomia, Hyposalivation, and Oral Microbial Load with Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetic Patients. World J Dent 2016;7(2):83-86.

scholarly journals α-2-Macroglobulin in Saliva Is Associated with Glycemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Pablo Aitken ◽  
Carolina Ortiz ◽  
Irene Morales-Bozo ◽  
Gonzalo Rojas-Alcayaga ◽  
Mauricio Baeza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Positive Discrimination ◽  
And Control

Background. Subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) require an adequate glycemic control to avoid diabetic complications. Currently, saliva biomarkers are used as a diagnostic tool and can be indicative of the degree of progression and control of various diseases. Several studies indicate thatα-2-macroglobulin levels are elevated in diabetic patients.Methods. 120 subjects with DM2 were enrolled and classified into two groups according to their glycemic control (percentage of glycated hemoglobin-A1c (HbA1c), <7% adequate glycemic control group; >7% inadequate glycemic control group). The relationship betweenα-2-macroglobulin levels from saliva samples and HbA1c was subsequently evaluated.Results. We found a positive correlation betweenα-2-macroglobulin and HbA1c (r=0.778andP<0.0001). Area under the receivers operating characteristic (ROC) curve ofα-2-macroglobulin indicated a positive discrimination threshold ofα-2-macroglobulin (AUC = 0.903, CI 95%: 0.847–0.959,P<0.0001) to diagnose glycemic control.Conclusions. Our data strongly suggest that the level of salivaα-2-macroglobulin is an indicator for the degree of glycemic control in diabetic patients and represents a promising alternative method to evaluate this parameter.

scholarly journals Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus remission eighteen months after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-153
Author(s):  
MARCELO GOMES GIRUNDI
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Control Analysis

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in improving the glycemic profile of obese patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2) after 18 months of follow-up. Methods: four hundred sixty-eight pacients with DM2 and BMI ≥35 were submitted to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, from 1998 to 2010. All patients were submitted to glycemic control analysis in the 3rd, 6th, 9th, 12th and 18th postoperative months. We considered: type 2 diabetic patients, the ones with fasting glucose ≥126mg/dl and HbA1C ≥6.5 in two dosages; high risk patients for diabetes, those who presented fasting glucose ≥ 100 to 125 mg/dl and HbA1C between 5.7%-6.4%; and normal patients, those presenting glucose <100mg/dl and HbA1C <5.7%. Such diagnostic criteria were based on the official position of Sociedade Brasileira de Diabetes, published in July, 2011. Results: The remission of DM2 was seen in 410 (87.6%) out of 468 patients 18 months after the surgery, that being a meaningful difference, with p<0.001. Fourty-eight (10.3%) patients sustained criteria for the disease and ten (2.1%) continued at high risk for DM2. Conclusions: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass was effective in the promotion and maintaince of long-term glycemic control. There are evidences showing that the remission of DM2 is not only related to weight loss and that other enteroinsular axis mechanisms must be involved.

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