scholarly journals The Psychic Alternation Theory (PAT) – Model of Life Stage Crises in general and Mid-life Crisis in Particular

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
KV. Anoopkumar ◽  
Annuradha Anoop
Keyword(s):  
Driving Forces ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Ego Strength ◽  
Geographical Differences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
Life Crisis ◽  
The Will ◽  
Alternation Theory

Human mind in the psychoanalytic framework is understood to be structurally consisting of the triad of Id, ego and super ego. According to the psychic alternation outlook; the ego rather than being a mere mediating force, is understood to be a dynamic concept, subjected to inherent internal transformations, periodically. Hence there is a cyclic transformation of the ‘ego’ under the influence of its inherently predetermined and periodically fluctuating driving forces (‘eros’& ‘thanatos’). The “Psychic Alternation Theory” postulates that, this inherent tendency towards ego transformations, contributes to the possible origin of life stage crises like Midlife-crisis. This transformation appears to be an unconscious tendency inherent to all individuals irrespective of racial, cultural or geographical differences. Moreover this transformation of the nature of the unconscious aspect of ‘ego’, from ‘life-centered’ to ‘death-centered’, seems to be persistent and periodically cyclic in any individual. In spite of this the appearance of a life-stage crisis at any vulnerable point in lifespan is not a universal phenomenon, owing to the influence of the ‘ego-strength’ emanating from the cross sectional disposition of the ‘will’.

Schopenhauer and the Unconscious

2020 ◽  
pp. 496-516
Author(s):  
Stephan Atzert
Keyword(s):  
Sigmund Freud ◽  
Arthur Schopenhauer ◽  
Death Drive ◽  
Central Idea ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
Pleasure Principle ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Sabina Spielrein

This chapter explores the gradual emergence of the notion of the unconscious as it pertains to the tradition that runs from Arthur Schopenhauer via Eduard von Hartmann and Philipp Mainländer to Sabina Spielrein, C. G. Jung, and Sigmund Freud. A particular focus is put on the popularization of the term “unconscious” by von Hartmann and on the history of the death drive, which has Schopenhauer’s essay “Transcendent Speculation on the Apparent Deliberateness in the Fate of the Individual” as one of its precursors. In this essay, Schopenhauer develops speculatively the notion of a universal, intelligent, supraindividual unconscious—an unconscious with a purpose related to death. But the death drive also owes its origins to Schopenhauer’s “relative nothingness,” which Mainländer adopts into his philosophy as “absolute nothingness” resulting from the “will to death.” His philosophy emphasizes death as the goal of the world and its inhabitants. This central idea had a distinctive influence on the formation of the idea of the death drive, which features in Freud’s Beyond the Pleasure Principle.

scholarly journals Telemedicine in Spine Surgery: Global Perspectives and Practices

2021 ◽  
pp. 219256822110223
Author(s):  
Grant Riew ◽  
Francis Lovecchio ◽  
Dino Samartzis ◽  
Philip K. Louie ◽  
Niccole Germscheid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spine Surgery ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
South American ◽  
Geographical Differences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Global Perspectives ◽  
Phone Calls ◽  
Initial Appointment ◽  
Almost All

Study Design: Cross-sectional, anonymous, international survey. Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in the rapid adoption of telemedicine in spine surgery. This study sought to determine the extent of adoption and global perspectives on telemedicine in spine surgery. Methods: All members of AO Spine International were emailed an anonymous survey covering the participant’s experiences with and perceptions of telemedicine. Descriptive statistics were used to depict responses. Responses were compared among regions. Results: 485 spine surgeons participated in the survey. Telemedicine usage rose from <10.0% to >39.0% of all visits. A majority of providers (60.5%) performed at least one telemedicine visit. The format of “telemedicine” varied widely by region: European (50.0%) and African (45.2%) surgeons were more likely to use phone calls, whereas North (66.7%) and South American (77.0%) surgeons more commonly used video ( P < 0.001). North American providers used telemedicine the most during COVID-19 (>60.0% of all visits). 81.9% of all providers “agreed/strongly agreed” telemedicine was easy to use. Respondents tended to “agree” that imaging review, the initial appointment, and postoperative care could be performed using telemedicine. Almost all (95.4%) surgeons preferred at least one in-person visit prior to the day of surgery. Conclusion: Our study noted significant geographical differences in the rate of telemedicine adoption and the platform of telemedicine utilized. The results suggest a significant increase in telemedicine utilization, particularly in North America. Spine surgeons found telemedicine feasible for imaging review, initial visits, and follow-up visits although the vast majority still preferred at least one in-person preoperative visit.

Estimation of stature from outstretched arm span and measurement of component/s of upper limb in the natives of Gujarat

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-90
Author(s):  
R Lalhminghlua ◽  
Mohammed Ziyauddin G Saiyed ◽  
Manjit Nayak ◽  
C B Jani
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Reliable Indicator ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Developmental History ◽  
Geographical Differences ◽  
Suprasternal Notch ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Arm Span ◽  
Spss Software

The outstretched arm span and measurement of components of the upper limb are a reliable predictors of stature when fragmentary remains of the human body are found. However, this relationship can be affected by age, sex, diet, racial and geographical differences, etc. Hence, a regional database is necessary to be more accurate. This cross-sectional, prospective analytical study included 200 students pursuing MBBS (Male = 100, Female = 100), natives of Gujarat, aged between 18 - 24 years with normal developmental history. Rich bells stature meter, Anthropometric metal rods (scaled), and Vernier caliper were used for taking measurements. SPSS software version 26 was used for statistical analysis. The findings showed a positive correlation between stature and the outstretched arm span as well as stature and various components of the upper limb. Except for the correlation between stature and the length of the shoulder to mid suprasternal notch in males, all of the results were statistically significant (p &#60; 0.05). Regression equations were derived and verified.Outstretched arm span is the most reliable indicator of stature whereas the length of the shoulder to mid suprasternal notch is the least reliable indicator of stature in both sexes in the natives of Gujarat. This study can be used as a reference in the future for medico-legal purposes.

The Functionalization of Essential (A Priori) Knowledge

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (9999) ◽  
pp. 137-150
Author(s):  
Aivaras Stepukonis ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Immanuel Kant ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Special Kind ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
A Priori Knowledge ◽  
Max Scheler ◽  
Special Mode ◽  
The Will ◽  
Essential Knowledge ◽  
Priori Knowledge

The article explores a special mode of the human mind outlined in the writings of Max Scheler under the notion of the functionalization of essential (a priori) knowledge. While the concept of a priori was given its profound elaboration in the writings of Immanuel Kant, Scheler applies it with a number of significant modifications. Along with the a priori of objective reality, which is the mind’s first step in grasping the autonomous world, Scheler comes to posit a species of a priori that is subjective. A person’s exposure to an objective essence exercises a special kind of influence on that person’s mind: what was once an objective a priori is appropriated as a subjective a priori, the thing thought becomes a “form” or pattern of thinking, the thing liked becomes a “form” or manner of liking. “Functionalization” characterizes precisely the mind’s ability to transmute the essential knowledge of autonomous reality into subjective a priori forms of knowing and anticipating that reality. This transmutation unfolds on three intuitive planes: that of meaning which is known, that of value which is perceived or apprehended, and that of existence which is encountered in the resistance of objects to the will of the percipient.

scholarly journals Driving and restraining forces of female Latin American entrepreneurship

Telos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 668-691
Author(s):  
Anel Flores-Novelo ◽  
Ana Laura Bojórquez Carrillo ◽  
Gabriela Carla Cuadrado Barreto
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Social Representation ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Family Responsibilities ◽  
Financial Responsibility ◽  
Entrepreneurial Spirit ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities

Women in Latin America present unique challenges and opportunities due to the family responsibilities they assume because of their gender role. The article focuses on examining the driving forces for Latin American entrepreneurship as empowerment and family support, and the restraining forces as their exclusion from males spheres, labor discrimination, lack of support, and families responsibilities from an intersectionality approach. The study includes the implications of how the entrepreneurial phenomenon develops in the context of women in Latin American. Studies of this type in this context being scarce. Likewise, an analysis of entrepreneurial femininity is carried out to identify the most appropriate Latin context. Equally, an analysis model is proposed that integrates these driving and restrictive forces. The methodology is qualitative, cross-sectional, integrates the case study, semi-structured in-depth interviews, and discourse interpretation. The conclusion presents the women barriers face in startup businesses and how their family responsibilities limit them, being the key support for their development, especially in Latin American when they face a macho atmosphere and a social representation associated with femininity (seems to be contrary to entrepreneurial spirit), the main role of women in the home, without economic support, with financial responsibility for taking care of their families, is shown as a cause for businesses not to grow.

scholarly journals Gravidographics: A Health Lifestyle Segmentation of Pregnant Women in Transition to First Time Motherhood

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Jayne Krisjanous
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Health Behaviour ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Health Lifestyle ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Way

<p>The purpose of this thesis is to contribute a new health psychographic/ lifestyle segmentation of pregnant women in New Zealand who are in transition to first time motherhood. It provides a better understanding of the make up of the market and the way it aggregates into health lifestyle segments. By using a wide selection of pre-existing and pregnancy related health and attitude dimensions, it complements existing understanding and classifications of pregnancy health lifestyle. First, the study richly describes pregnancy health behaviour within a representative cohort of pregnant women in a transitional lifestyle using a holistic framework. It takes into account lifestyle as made up of a combination of factors and underlying motivations. Furthermore, it establishes the application of 'lifestyle' as it is used in marketing as legitimate for the study of a transitional health lifestyle. The research is cross disciplinary, and for that reason, integrates two perhaps seemingly disparate (marketing and health) understandings of lifestyle, using a somewhat novel approach. It is inclusive of high risk pregnant women and a much less oft studied group, normal, healthy or low risk women. Second, a key component of this study is the seminal development of a segmentation typology that classifies women's health in pregnancy through a situation specific psychographic approach. This typology has been termed 'Gravidographics', and identifies segments of pregnant women, who have distinct or unique identifiers in regard to their pregnancy health lifestyle. This knowledge will be useful for health behaviour change through social marketing and also the design and targeting of products and services to specific groups of pregnant consumers. A third focus of the study is the examination of health lifestyle within the concept of life stage transition. As pregnancy marks the transit into a new life stage, there are many adaptations that need to be made, and several underlying factors influence the way such a journey is approached and achieved. The study is exploratory and the conceptual framework, derived predominantly from the marketing and health literature, guides the study and informs development of the data collection tools. Eight main research questions are explored. The study uses a survey design and is cross sectional, with quantitative enquiry the dominant logic. A survey using a self administered health psychographic questionnaire was distributed by Lead Maternity Carers to pregnant women in their care. A sample of 478 women was obtained for this stage of the study. Quantitative analysis was undertaken through descriptive statistics and bi-variate analyses. Secondly, two step clustering was undertaken to develop pregnancy health lifestyle clusters. Four health lifestyle segments were identified. These segments were then profiled against additional variables and data that led to rich descriptions of each segment. Several managerial recommendations are made that will assist in the delivery and positioning of maternity health goods and services particularly in regard to healthcare marketing and segmentation. Secondly, recommendations for future marketing communication strategies targeting pregnant women are made. Through this work, the study's ultimate aim; making an academic contribution to knowledge that will lead to improved health outcomes for mother and baby, has been achieved.</p>

scholarly journals A Freudian Reading of Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights

2021 ◽  
pp. 466-475
Author(s):  
Shaima Abdullah Jassim ◽  
Alaa Muzahim Abdulrazaq
Keyword(s):  
Human Mind ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Wuthering Heights ◽  
Slips Of The Tongue ◽  
Human Psyche ◽  
The Impact

There are many theories that emerged in fields other than literature but influenced the literary works greatly. These theories are used by scholars and critics to analyses and study the literary text. Among these theories are Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalysis and the theory of interpretation of dreams. According to Freud, the human mind is divided into two parts: the conscious and the subconscious. Freud used this theory to treat his patients by making them lie down and talk about their dreams, childhood and other thoughts. It is an attempt to make the unconscious conscious. Additionally, the unconscious can be revealed through the slips of the tongue (paraphrases) and dreams. Moreover, Freud assumes that the human psyche consists of three parts: Id (a store of the human desires and needs); superego (the part of the psyche which represents the high ideals); ego (the part which tries to make a compromise between the id and the superego). He also emphasizes the effect of our childhood upon our lives. The present study is a Freudian reading to Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights with reference to the impact of the author’s life upon the flow of the events and the lives of the characters.

Russia and Europe: historical lessons

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir I. Vinokurov
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
The United States ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Current State ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Will ◽  
Otto Von Bismarck ◽  
The Military

Тhe article deals with the results of the Patriotic War of 1812 and the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945. The analysis of these largest wars in the history of Russian-European relations is carried out, their comparison is made, their nature, character and driving forces are revealed. On the basis of this, it is concluded that both sides have not made the proper conclusions: Europe — in terms of the expediency and consequences of an attack on Russia, thereby violating the will of the iron Chancellor Otto von Bismarck: "Make alliances with anyone, start any wars, but never touch the Russians." Russia — timely opening and preparation for the upcoming tests in relations with Europe. Against the background of more than 200 years of history, the current state of relations between Russia and Europe, which has reached a low level, is considered. Although the leading European states, Germany and France, have not stopped political contacts with Russia, but the content of these contacts has become significantly poorer, the format has narrowed, and the tone has sharpened. In the military sphere, Europe in the Russian direction follows in principle the same course as the United States. Within the framework of NATO, European countries, led by the United States, have taken a number of steps that have restored, so far at a symbolic level, the military confrontation with Russia in eastern Europe. Moscow, for its part, has stepped up its own military activities near its western borders. As a result, Europe has ceased to be the island of security that it remained for the previous quarter of a century. This does not mean, of course, that relations between Russia and European countries are ending. In fact, Russia's practical needs require easing tensions with Europe as its largest trade and economic partner. With this in mind, Moscow has achieved some success in replacing the almost non-existentties with Brussels with meaningful bilateral relations with some EU countries. Despite the fact that the European Union's foreign policy apparatus is unable to form a unified geopolitical, economic and cultural front against Moscow, there is every reason to believe that the Kremlin intends to be guided by this strategy of bilateral relations in the coming years.

Effects of health-promoting leadership, employee health on employee engagement: employability as moderating variable

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liping Liu ◽  
Chunyu Zhang ◽  
Chih-Cheng Fang
Keyword(s):  
Employee Engagement ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Employee Health ◽  
Measurement Instruments ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Core Element ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Health Promoting

PurposeEmployee health is a major challenge for enterprises. Fostering a healthy work environment and promoting employee engagement are key to addressing this challenge. Health-promoting leadership and employee health are the driving forces of corporate development; at the same time, employability is the core element of employee relations. Based on self-determination theory, this study aims to explore the effects of health-promoting leadership and employee health on employee engagement in light of employee employability.Design/methodology/approachThe data of this study encompass 723 valid questionnaires from employees of MSME in China. This study focuses on health-promoting leadership and employee health, engagement relationship and the above relationship moderating by employability.FindingsHealth-promoting leadership plays a key role in the workplace, results show that health-promoting leadership has a positive impact on employee health and employee engagement, while employee health did not have a positive effect on employee engagement. Employability negatively moderated the relationship between employee health and employee engagement.Research limitations/implicationsThis study is based on cross-sectional survey data collected at the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic rapidly and continuously changed the organizational responses to employee health. Future studies could utilize longitudinal methods or focus on measurement instruments of the culture of health, to create additional insights about health promoting.Originality/valueThis study adds important knowledge regarding health-promoting leadership and employee health in Chinese MSMEs, an area for which limited research exists. The findings provide insights and knowledge about health-promoting leadership how to affect employee health and to improve engagement outcomes. The findings also identify the moderating role of employability.

scholarly journals Incidence Trend and Epidemiology of Common Cancers in the Center of Iran

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hosein Rafiemanesh ◽  
Narjes Rajaei-Behbahani ◽  
Yousef Khani ◽  
Sayedehafagh Hosseini ◽  
Zahra Pournamdar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Geographical Differences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Incidence Trend ◽  
Join Point ◽  
Registry Report ◽  
Male To Female

<p><strong>INTRODUCTION:</strong> Cancer is a major public health problem in Iran and many other parts of the world. The cancer incidence is different in various countries and in country provinces. Geographical differences in the cancer incidence lead to be important to conduct an epidemiological study of the disease. This study aimed to investigate cancer epidemiology and trend in the province of Qom, located in center of Iran.</p> <p><strong>METHOD: </strong>This is an analytical cross-sectional study carried out based on re-analysis cancer registry report and the disease management center of health ministry from 2004 to 2008 in the province of Qom. To describe incidence time trends, we carried out join point regression analysis using the software Join point Regression Program, Version 4.1.1.1.</p> <p><strong>RESULTS: </strong>There were 3,029 registered cases of cancer during 5 years studied. Sex ratio was 1.32 (male to female). Considering the frequency and mean standardized incidence, the most common cancer in women were breast, skin, colorectal, stomach, and esophagus, respectively while in men the most common cancers included skin, stomach, colorectal, bladder, and prostate, respectively. There was an increasing and significant trend, according to<strong> </strong>the annual percentage change (APC) equal to 8.08% (CI: 5.1-11.1) for all site cancer in women.</p> <p><strong>CONCLUSION: </strong>The incidence trend of all cancers was increasing in this area. Hence, planning for identifying risk factors and performing programs for dealing with the disease are essential.</p>

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