scholarly journals Feasibility of Home-Based Attention Retraining On People with Mild and Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleena Maria Sunny
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the study was to assess the feasibility of a 4-week home based attention retraining of people with mild or moderate traumatic brain injury. Purposive sampling was done to choose seven participants with attention deficit with mild or moderate traumatic brain injury as the sample of study. The Intervention consisted of tasks such as cancellation of letters, cancellation of symbols with distracters and dictation. Training in administering the intervention was given for patients as well as their caregivers. A baseline assessment for the above mentioned parameter and post-test assessment (after 5 weeks) were done on the participants to assess the impact of the intervention. The research design was informal experimental design before and after without control group. The post-test scores showed that the home based attention retraining has a positive impact on the attention of the participants. However, this couldn’t be proved statistically because of its small sample size. The involvement of the caregiver as well as the motivation level of the participant was observed to have significant impact on the participants’ performance along with several others. Home- based attention retraining was found to be effective, further rigorous studies with larger sample size and control group is suggested.

MHealth Applications for People with Cognitive Impairment and Their Caregivers: A Scoping Review (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Zhao ◽  
Pei Chen ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Haining Liu ◽  
Xianwen Li
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Mobile Technologies ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Caregiver Support ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND Mobile health application has become an important tool for healthcare systems. One such tool is the delivery of assisting in people with cognitive impairment and their caregivers. OBJECTIVE This scoping review aims to explore and evaluate the existing evidence and challenges on the use of mHealth applications that assisting in people with cognitive impairment and their caregivers. METHODS Nine databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, PsycARTICLES, CINAHL, Web of Science, Applied Science & Technology Source, IEEE Xplore and the ACM Digital Library were searched from inception through June 2020 for the studies of mHealth applications on people with cognitive impairment and their caregivers. Two reviewers independently extracted, checked synthesized data independently. RESULTS Of the 6101 studies retrieved, 64 studies met the inclusion criteria. Three categories emerged from this scoping review. These categories are ‘application functionality’, ‘evaluation strategies’, ‘barriers and challenges’. All the included studies were categorized into 7 groups based on functionality: (1) cognitive assessment; (2) cognitive training; (3) life support; (4) caregiver support; (5) symptom management; (6) reminiscence therapy; (7) exercise intervention. The included studies were broadly categorized into four types: (1) Usability testing; (2) Pilot and feasibility studies; (3) Validation studies; and (4) Efficacy or Effectiveness design. These studies had many defects in research design such as: (1) small sample size; (2) deficiency in active control group; (3) deficiency in analyzing the effectiveness of intervention components; (4) lack of adverse reactions and economic evaluation; (5) lack of consideration about the education level, electronic health literacy and smartphone proficiency of the participants; (6) deficiency in assessment tool; (7) lack of rating the quality of mHealth application. Some progress should be improved in the design of smartphone application functionality, such as: (1) the design of cognitive measurements and training game need to be differentiated; (2) reduce the impact of the learning effect. Besides this, few studies used health behavior theory and performed with standardized reporting. CONCLUSIONS Preliminary results show that mobile technologies facilitate the assistance in people with cognitive impairment and their caregivers. The majority of mHealth application interventions incorporated usability outcome and health outcomes. However, these studies have many defects in research design that limit the extrapolation of research. The content of mHealth application is urgently improved to adapt to demonstrate the real effect. In addition, further research with strong methodological rigor and adequate sample size are needed to examine the feasibility, effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness of mHealth applications for people with cognitive impairment and their caregivers.

scholarly journals The impact of visual impairment on nutritional status: A systematic review

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabila Jones ◽  
Hannah Bartlett
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Visually Impaired People ◽  
Impaired People ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this review was to evaluate the literature that has investigated the impact of visual impairment on nutritional status. We identified relevant articles through a multi-staged systematic approach. Fourteen articles were identified as meeting the inclusion criteria. The sample size of the studies ranged from 9 to 761 participants. It was found that visual impairment significantly affects nutritional status. The studies reported that visually impaired people have an abnormal body mass index (BMI); a higher prevalence of obesity and malnutrition was reported. Visually impaired people find it difficult to shop for, eat, and prepare meals. Most studies had a small sample size, and some studies did not include a study control group for comparison. The limitations of these studies suggest that the findings are not conclusive enough to hold true for only those who are visually impaired. Further studies with a larger sample size are required with the aim of developing interventions.

scholarly journals Sleep Disorders Following Mild and Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laith Al-Ameri ◽  
Talib Mohsin ◽  
Ali Abdul Wahid
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Sleep Latency ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sleeping Disorders ◽  
Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Significant Difference

(1) Background: Sleeping disorders are frequently reported following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Different forms of sleeping disorders have been reported, such as sleepiness, insomnia, changes in sleeping latency, and others. (2) Methods: A case-control study with 62 patients who were victims of mild or moderate TBI with previous admissions to Iraqi tertiary neurosurgical centers were enrolled as the first group, and 158 patients with no history of trauma were considered as the control. All were 18 years of age or older, and the severity of the trauma and sleep disorders was assessed. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index was used to assess sleep disorders with average need for sleep per day and average sleep latency were assessed in both groups. Chi-square and t-test calculations were used to compare different variables. (3) Results: 39 patients (24.7%) of the controlled group experienced sleeping disorders compared to TBI group with 45 patients (72.6%), P-value < 0.00001. A total of 42 patients were diagnosed on admission as having a mild degree of TBI (mean GCS 13.22 ± 1.76) and 20 patients were diagnosed with moderate TBI (mean GCS11.05 ± 1.14. 27). A total of 27 (46.28%) patients with mild severity TBI and 18 patients (90%) of moderate severity were considered to experience sleeping disorders, P-value 0.0339. Each of the mild and moderate TBI subgroups show a P-value < 0.00001 compared to the control group. Average sleep hours needed per day for TBI and the control were 8.02 ± 1.04 h and 7.26 ± 0.58 h, respectively, P-value < 0.00001. Average sleep latency for the TBI and the control groups were 13.32 ± 3.16 min and 13.93 ± 3.07 min respectively, P-value 0.065. (4) Conclusion: Sleep disturbances are more common following mild and moderate TBI three months after the injury with more hours needed for sleep per day and no significant difference in sleep latency. Sleep disturbances increase in frequency with the increase in the severity of TBI.

Respiratory, Physical, and Psychological Benefits of Breath-Focused Yoga for Adults with Severe Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI): A Brief Pilot Study Report

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Silverthorne ◽  
Sat Bir Khalsa ◽  
Robin Gueth ◽  
Nicole DeAvilla ◽  
Janie Pansini
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Severe Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Longitudinal Change ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Severe Tbi

Objective: This pilot study was designed to identify the potential benefits of breath-focused yoga on respiratory, physical, and psychological functioning for adults with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Participants: Ten individuals with severe TBI who self-selected to attend weekly yoga classes and 4 no-treatment controls were evaluated. Methods: Participants were assessed at pretreatment baseline and at 3-month intervals for a total of 4 time points over 40 weeks. Outcomes of interest included observed exhale strength, ability to hold a breath or a tone, breathing rate, counted breaths (inhale and exhale), and heart rate, as well as self-reported physical and psycho-logical well-being. Results: Repeated within-group analyses of variance revealed that the yoga group demonstrated significant longitudinal change on several measures of observed respiratory functioning and self-reported physical and psychological well-being over a 40-week period. Those in the control group showed marginal improvement on 2 of the 6 measures of respiratory health, physical and social functioning, emotional well-being, and general health. The small sample sizes precluded the analysis of between group differences. Conclusion: This study provides preliminary evidence that breath-focused yoga may improve respiratory functioning and self-perceived physical and psychological well-being of adults with severe TBI.

Adjustment for Strong Predictors of Outcome in Traumatic Brain Injury Trials: 25% Reduction in Sample Size Requirements in the IMPACT Study

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 1295-1303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrián V. Hernández ◽  
Ewout W. Steyerberg ◽  
Isabella Butcher ◽  
Nino Mushkudiani ◽  
Gillian S. Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Impact Study ◽  
Predictors Of Outcome ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals B-72 The Relationship between Anxiety and Postconcussive Symptomology in patients with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1020-1020
Author(s):  
K Cornett
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Patient Report ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Report Measure

Abstract Objective Research literature has demonstrated the role that pre-morbid anxiety has in prolonging recovery from mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). The aim of this investigation is to clarify the degree of the relationship between anxiety and postconcussive symptomology in patients with mTBI. Method This study compared scores from a patient-report measure of anxiety, the General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), to scores from a patient-report measure of postconcussion symptom severity, the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI). Participants were recruited from September 2018 to December 2019 who had been referred for clinical evaluation to Rehabilitation Institute of Washington’s Brain Injury Services (a privately-run, interdisciplinary, outpatient clinic). 39 adult participants (30 males and nine females) completed both the GAD-7 and NSI. No control group was used. Injury severity level was ascertained via review of the medical records. Patients underwent an abbreviated evaluation with a clinical neuropsychologist. As a part of this initial evaluation, patients completed an intake packet, which included the NSI and GAD-7. Results The relationship between the ordinal variables (i.e., anxiety and postconscussive symptomology) was assessed using spearman’s rho. Anxiety had a strong, statistically significant relationship with postconcussive symptomology (rho = 0.670, p = 0.000). Conclusions Anxiety and postconcussive symptomology severity are associated in this population of patients with mTBI. Limitations of this current investigation include a small sample size and no control group. This study indicates the need for controlled studies in future research to address the above-encountered limitations. Nevertheless, this study lends support to the prevalence of anxiety in those with elevated postconcussive symptomology and the need to monitor this in assessment and treatment.

Decision Making after Traumatic Brain Injury: A Temporal Discounting Paradigm

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodger Ll. Wood ◽  
Louise McHugh
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Temporal Discounting ◽  
Monetary Reward ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Neuropsychological Measures ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

AbstractA temporal discounting paradigm was used to examine decision making for hypothetical monetary reward following traumatic brain injury (TBI). A case-control design compared individuals following moderate or severe TBI with a healthy control group matched for age and gender. The impact of intelligence, impulsivity, and mood on temporal discounting performance was examined. A within-subjects design for the TBI group determined the influence of a range of neuropsychological tests on temporal discounting performance. Both patients and controls demonstrated temporal discounting. However, the TBI group discounted more than controls, suggesting that their decision making was more impulsive, consistent with ratings on the impulsiveness questionnaire. Discounting performance was independent of neuropsychological measures of intelligence, memory, and executive function. There was no relationship between temporal discounting and ratings of everyday executive function made by patients' relatives. Low mood did not account for discounting performance. The results of this study suggest that temporal discounting may be a useful neuropsychological paradigm to assess decision making linked to monetary reward following TBI. Performance was relatively independent of intelligence, memory and standard tests of executive ability and may therefore assist when assessing a patient's mental capacity to manage their financial affairs. (JINS, 2013,19, 1–8)

scholarly journals Perbandingan Jumlah Sel Mononuklear, Jumlah Sel Fibroblas, Ukuran Fibrosis, dan Perlengketan Klinis Pada Jaringan Peridural Antara Non-Absorbable Mesh dan Absorbable Barrier Mesh Pada Tikus Wistar dengan Cedera Otak Traumatika yang Dilakukan Decompressive Craniectomy

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Ida Bagus Yudha Prasista ◽  
I Wayan Niryana ◽  
Nyoman Golden
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Decompressive Craniectomy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Absorbable Mesh ◽  
Post Test

Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan dua jenis mesh yaitu non-absorbable mesh dan absorbable barrier mesh terhadap sel mononuklear, fibroblas, ketebalan fibrosis dan perlengketan klinis pada jaringan peridural tikus wistar dengan traumatic brain injury. Metode: Studi ini menggunakan model hewan coba dengan desain Randomized post Test-Only Control Group. Penelitian melibatkan dua puluh sampel. Sebanyak sepuluh sampel yang menggunakan non-absorbable mesh masuk dalam kelompok kontrol dan sepuluh sampel yang menggunakan absorbable barrier mesh masuk dalam kelompok perlakuan. Untuk pemeriksaan jumlah sel mononuklear (MN), jumlah sel fibroblas dan ukuran fibrosis, serta perlengketan klinis pemeriksaan dilakukan di laboratorium setelah sebelumnya dilakukan euthanasia setelah hari ke-14. Uji T independen dan uji Mann Whitney dilakukan untuk menguji hipotesa dengan skala data numerik serta uji Fisher’s exact untuk menguji hipotesa dengan skala data kategorik. Hasil: Rerata jumlah sel mononuklear (MN) per lapang pandang (LP) pada kelompok dengan perlakuan lebih rendah daripada kelompok kontrol (10,6±5,6 vs 13,8±5,6 per LP). Jumlah rerata sel fibroblas per LP pada kelompok perlakuan lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan kontrol (13,6±4,3 vs 20,2 ±7,3 per LP). ketebalan ukuran fibrosis juga menunjukkan perbedaan rerata yang signifikan lebih rendah pada kelompok perlakuan (183,4 ± 87,7 vs 458,5±247,1). Resiko relative terjadinya perlengketan klinis pada non-absorbable mesh juga 3 kali lebih besar dibadingkan dengan absorbable barrier mesh. Simpulan: Penggunaan absorbable barrier mesh secara bermakna menyebabkan rerata jumlah sel fibroblas, ukuran fibrosis, dan risiko perlengketan klinis yang lebih rendah paska tindakan decompressive craniectomy.

scholarly journals The Impact of Distance Education on Learning Outcome in Computer Skills Course in Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University: An Experimental Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Mohammed Elmetwali Mohammed Amer
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Distance Education ◽  
Computer Literacy ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Learning Outcome ◽  
Computer Skills ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Impact

The present study aimed to explore the impact of distance education on the learning outcome of students in computer skills course in Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University in Al-Sulail, Saudi Arabia. In this study, the learning outcome is represented in the students’ academic achievement. The researcher adopted an experimental approach. He selected a sample consisting from 80 male students from 4 sections of a computer skills course. Those students were divided equally into control and experimental groups. The members of the control group were taught through adopting a face-to-face instructional approach. They attended 4 face-to-face lectures. The members of the experimental group were taught online through using the Blackboard system. The researcher used a pre-test and a post-test for assessing students’ academic achievement. SPSS program was used. It was found that both groups share similar levels of computer literacy. It was found that distance education has a significant positive impact on students’ academic achievement in the computer skills course. The researcher recommends adding online instructional activities to the curricula used in Saudi universities.

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