scholarly journals Personality, Language and Distractions in Society

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akhilesh Pathak

While there is a never-ending tussle between ‘nature’ and ‘nurture’ over the share of influence each has on human behaviour, one could find an interesting way of looking at things from a psychological angle that takes into account not rational actions, rather it focusses on something that is often overlooked – ‘distractions’. The reason for such distractions could be many, all pointing towards one dominant fact that human society is a complex system with innumerable degrees of freedom. The limiting factor of human agency could be found in the form of language, an idea that was well articulated by Ludwig Wittgenstein.  A careful analysis of the development of human personality shows that what goes down as individual is scarcely so. Social institutions act as rationalizing agents that supply an identity to a new-born baby even before it is born. In a civilized society, most human interactions take place in three distinct settings for a growing individual – the family, the school and the economy or the world of professional employment. In the Parsonian scheme of society, especially social structure, there is a movement from particularistic to universalistic in terms of the nature of human interactions. The power of language acquisition which is natural to every human being does not equip one with the required vocabulary in order to facilitate interactions. It is learnt through interactions over a period of time. It is through language that one develops a particular world view. But the process should not be seen as a smooth, streamlined process. There are ‘chaotic’, noise-like disturbances called ‘distractions’. This paper looks to analyze some of the positive and negative aspects of the phenomenon that go into shaping human personality.

1974 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehtab S. Karim

The family is one of the basic social institutions of human society. The behaviour of individuals is to a great extent moulded by influences within the family not only during the socialization process at early ages, but also after they have reached maturity. The way in which the family system operates has important demographic consequences. Reproduction takes place within the family, and fertility is affected by the combination of events occurring within and shaped by the prevailing family system in a society. The family is an important decision-making unit, and in societies where the extended family system1 is prevalent, decisions by couples regarding fertility behaviour may be strongly influenced by the larger family network. Hill [11, p. 271-72] has identified some crucial decisions made over the reproductive career of a couple. He suggests that these decisions are largely influenced by the parents and other relatives concerning (a) when to marry, (b) how soon to have first child, (c) whether to use birth control and method to be used, (d) when to have second and later children, and (e) when to stop child bearing. Davis and Blake [4] point out certain intermediate variables which an individual learns during the sociali¬zation process, e.g., acceptability of universal marriage, permissibility of sexual abstinence, the long absence of either spouse and the frequency and timing of sexual intercourse, etc. All of these have direct bearing on fertility in the long run.


2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamás Faragó ◽  
Ádám Miklósi ◽  
Beáta Korcsok ◽  
Judit Száraz ◽  
Márta Gácsi

It is essential for social robots to fit in the human society. In order to facilitate this process we propose to use the family dog’s social behaviour shown towards humans as an inspiration. In this study we explored dogs’ low level social monitoring in dog-human interactions and extracted individually consistent and context dependent behaviours in simple everyday social scenarios. We found that proximity seeking and tail wagging were most individually distinctive in dogs, while activity, orientation towards the owner, and exploration were dependent on the context and/or the activity of the owner. The functional analogues of these dog behaviours can be implemented in social robots of different embodiments in order to make them acceptable and more believable for humans. Keywords: dog-owner interaction; social robotics; low-level social monitoring; greeting behaviour; individually distinctive behaviours


This article presents the case of Chatterley and Clifford, the two main characters in Lady Chatterley’s Lover, to consider tenderness a basic working emotion to shape human relationships. The lack of tenderness causes emotional as well as physical distance in relation, especially that of male-female’s relation. The first part of the article reviews tenderness. The second part reviews how tenderness and lack of tenderness affect a male-female relationship in the selected novel, Lady Chatterley’s Lover. On the basis of a careful analysis of Lady Chatterley’s Lover, the present writer tries to prove that the lack of tenderness is the main culprit for the broken relationship between husband and wife: a major one of the relations between man and woman in human society and mutual tenderness elicits people awakening to a new way of living in an exterior world that is uncracking after the long winter hibernation. Lawrence, through a revelation of Connie’s gradual awakening from tenderness, has made his utmost effort to explore possible solutions to harmonious androgyny between men and women so as to revitalize the distorted human nature caused by the industrial civilization. Key words: relationship, husband and wife, tenderness, main culprit, Connie


2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1567-1574
Author(s):  
Juan Du ◽  
Ruth Mace

Abstract We examined how individual investment was associated with the duration of marriage partnerships in a pastoralist society of Amdo Tibetans in China. We collected demographic and socioeconomic data from 420 women and 369 men over five villages to assess which factors predicted partnership length. We found that the payment of dowry and bridewealth from both sides of the family predicted marriage stability. The production of offspring, regardless of their survivorship, also had a positive effect on marriage duration, as did trial marriage, a time period before formal marriage. Finally, we found that if both bride and groom invest resources initially into a partnership—whether wealth or labor—their subsequent partnership is stronger than couples who do not make such investments. This paper adds to our understanding of complex social institutions like marriage from a behavioral ecological perspective.


1981 ◽  
Vol 14 (02) ◽  
pp. 262-263
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Mann

By now most of you are aware of the severe cuts in federal funding for the social and behavioral sciences and for the humanities proposed by the Reagan Administration.At the National Science Foundation, while support for the natural sciences is slated to increase, the proposed budget for the social and economic sciences calls for a 65 percent reduction.At the National Institute of Mental Health (ADAMHA), the Administration proposes toeliminateall social research, which is expected to include research on the family, socialization of children, effects of separation and divorce, evaluation of prevention efforts with children, effects of mass media on behavior of children. In addition, the definition probably will include social policy research, research on race and ethnic relations, studies of community structure and change and studies of social institutions.


Author(s):  
Mohammad Rezaiee-Pajand ◽  
S. A. H. Esfehani ◽  
H. Ehsanmanesh

A new family of time integration methods is formulated. The recommended technique is useful and robust for the loads with large variations and the systems with nonlinear damping behavior. It is also applicable for the structures with lots of degrees of freedom, and can handle general nonlinear dynamic systems. By comparing the presented scheme with the fourth-order Runge–Kutta and the Newmark algorithms, it is concluded that the new strategy is more stable. The authors’ formulations have good results on amplitude decay and dispersion error analyses. Moreover, the family orders of accuracy are [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for even and odd values of [Formula: see text], respectively. Findings demonstrate the superiority of the new family compared to explicit and implicit methods and dissipative and non-dissipative algorithms.


2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 133-147
Author(s):  
I.R. LYAPINA ◽  
◽  
T.A. ZHURAVLEVA ◽  
I.V. SKOBLIAKOVA ◽  
◽  
...  

The purpose of the research is to study of the features of the influence of social institutions on the cyclicality and dynamics of economic development in the context of identifying the role of social institutions at individual phases of the cycle of economic development, as well as consideration of the functions and tools of social institutions by phases of economic development. The subject of the research is a set of roles, functions and tools of social institutions related to different phases of the cycle of economic development. The methodological base is formed for the implementation of scientific research tasks. Its tools are methods that allow reflecting the features of the influence of social institutions on the cyclical nature of the economy: the method of theoretical foundations, the method of grouping, the method of analysis, the method of comparison, the method of implication. As a result of the study, it is indicated that the functions of social institutions should be highlighted: the consolidation of emerging social relations, adaptation, regulatory processes, a communication basis and a translational basis. The instruments that influence economic fluctuations are formed in the context of social institutions. Thus, the institution of the family is characterized by the use of an optimization mechanism, the concept of sustainability of social relations, the concept of production and distribution of economic benefits in order to meet the needs of each of the subjects.


1907 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 565-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simeon E. Baldwin

The pre-Tridentine œcumenical councils of the Roman Catholic church were, as Dr. Francis Wharton has well remarked, international congresses, working toward the establishment of a uniform law for the civilized world. It was a law confined to one set of subjects; but among them were those having to do with the family relation, and which were therefore of the first importance to human society. Each nation of Christendom was represented in these gatherings by its sovereign or political delegates, as well as by its bishops, and it was for each nation, acting through its political departments, to ratify or reject such rules or laws in these respects as the council might propose.The representation of political sovereignty in the Council of Trent was slight, and in the only œcumenical council since called by Eome — that of the Vatican — it was wholly wanting; Bavaria being the only power (though all European cabinets were consulted) which intimated a willingness to send an official delegate.


Author(s):  
Naeima Omar Aldraan, Amaal Mohamed AbdelMawla, Randa Hammoud

The study aimed to build a proposed perception to reduce the high rates of divorce in the Al- Jouf region in view of the role of some social institution as, and using the survey and documentary descriptive approach, through the application and two questionnaires were prepared (the first is directed to divorced and divorced women, and the second is directed to community members), and the interviews were used to get acquainted with the opinions of officials in both: Personality, 2- Al- Jouf University, 3- The Family Development Association, and the study concluded that the reasons for divorce are [socio- cognitive] reasons, the most important of which are: the interference of others in the family life of the couple, such as (family, relatives, and friends) With an average approval of 2.54 out of 3 , The weak educational and cultural role of institutions Different society (family, school, c Spangle, family associations) in the rehabilitation of young people for marriage An average of 2.53 out of 3, Also, coordination and cooperation between social institutions in the region to reduce the high rates of divorce in the region was weak coordination, and the research has resulted in a proposed vision to limit the high divorce rates in the Al- Jouf region. Its security and stability, In it the university plays the main role in coordinating and raising awareness of knowledge and social issues such as: women's rights- children's rights- providing family, psychological and legal counseling to university employees and members of society.


2016 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-52
Author(s):  
Magdalena Kugiejko

Content and methods of education implemented in schools are changing rapidly. One of the reasons fuelling these changes is implementation of such programs like the Lifelong Learning Program (LLP) Erasmus Plus, which motto „Learning for life” is gaining more and more followers. For the purpose of proving this theory, the researcher presents below the profiles of two primary schools (Primary School in Krosno and CEIP Villa Romana in Spain), which participate in this international cultural and educational exchange. The researcher paid special attention to the assumptions of the LLP project, tourism mobility and achievements resulting from the international cooperation between the educational institutions. To present the problem, the researcher used one of the qualitative research methods for case studies. It determined the careful analysis of the individual interviews as well as participating observation of the program coordinators and teachers’ behavior showed how much potential lies in the cooperation of teachers and pupils participating in such educational exchanges. The undertaken research (including interviews with the staff and observation of the projects management) and its analysis confirmed the hypothesis that every type of school, regardless of its location (city or countryside) can benefit from participation in an international exchange. The main limiting factor, noticeable especially in the schools located in rural areas, is the mentality and fear from participation in an international program, challenging the language skills of the staff and resulting in more administrative work. However, the success of the Erasmus Plus program is best measured by the fact that after initial participating, both village schools continued the project in the following years. Key words: case study, Erasmus Plus, international mobility, school education.


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