scholarly journals A Study to Assess the Suicidal Behaviour among the Psychiatric Patients in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital, Guntur

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr Vaddadi. Venkata kiran ◽  
Dr. Neeli Uma Jyothi ◽  
Mounica. Bollu
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Commit Suicide

Suicide attempt is a deliberate act of self harm with at least some intent of die that does not result in death. Such act has a wide range of medical seriousness. Individuals with psychiatric disorders are far more likely to commit suicide than the others. People who are psychologically disabled are often commit suicide from years of pain, frustration and depression. Spiritually they may perceive themselves as hopelessly damaged and lose all sense of purpose and meaning of life. Suicide is not a diagnosis or a disorder. it is a behaviour. Suicide is a worldwide, national, local and familial problem. 90% of people who kill themselves suffer from a diagnosable and preventable problem such as depression co-occurring mental and substance use disorders are common and potent combination among those who die by suicide.

Young Adult Outcome of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mai Uchida ◽  
Joseph Biederman
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Massachusetts General Hospital ◽  
Emotional Dysregulation ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Wide Range

The Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Longitudinal Studies of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) evaluated and followed a large sample of both boys and girls with ADHD and controls without ADHD, along with their families, ascertained from psychiatric and pediatric sources. These studies documented that ADHD in both sexes is associated with high levels of persistence onto adulthood; high levels of familiality with ADHD and other psychiatric disorders; a wide range of comorbid psychiatric and cognitive disorders including mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders; learning disabilities with reading and math; executive function deficits; emotional dysregulation and autistic traits; as well as educational, social, and occupational dysfunctions. The MGH studies also suggested that stimulant treatment significantly decreased the risk of developing comorbid psychiatric disorders, substance use disorders, and impaired functional outcomes. The studies also documented the neural basis of the persistence of ADHD using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

Adult Outcome of ADHD: An Overview of Results From the MGH Longitudinal Family Studies of Pediatrically and Psychiatrically Referred Youth With and Without ADHD of Both Sexes

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 523-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mai Uchida ◽  
Thomas J. Spencer ◽  
Stephen V. Faraone ◽  
Joseph Biederman
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Massachusetts General Hospital ◽  
Autistic Traits ◽  
Emotional Dysregulation ◽  
Functional Impairments ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Stimulant Treatment ◽  
Wide Range

Objective: We aimed to provide an overview of the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Longitudinal Studies of ADHD. Methods: We evaluated and followed samples of boys and girls with and without ADHD ascertained from psychiatric and pediatric sources and their families. Results: These studies documented that ADHD in both sexes is associated with high levels of persistence into adulthood, high levels of familiality with ADHD and other psychiatric disorders, a wide range of comorbid psychiatric and cognitive disorders including mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders, learning disabilities, executive function deficits, emotional dysregulation, and autistic traits as well as functional impairments. The MGH studies suggested that stimulant treatment decreased risks of developing comorbid psychiatric disorders, substance use disorders, and functional outcomes. The MGH studies documented the neural basis of persistence of ADHD using neuroimaging. Conclusion: The MGH studies provided various insights on symptoms, course, functions, comorbidities, and neuroscience of ADHD.

scholarly journals Effects of lowered serotonin transmission on cocaine-induced striatal dopamine response: PET [11C]raclopride study in humans

2011 ◽  
Vol 199 (5) ◽  
pp. 391-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia M. L. Cox ◽  
Chawki Benkelfat ◽  
Alain Dagher ◽  
J. Scott Delaney ◽  
France Durand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Striatal Dopamine ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Acute Tryptophan Depletion ◽  
Tryptophan Depletion ◽  
Comorbid Conditions ◽  
Drug Craving ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Wide Range

BackgroundLow serotonin transmission is thought to increase susceptibility to a wide range of substance use disorders and impulsive traits.AimsTo investigate the effects of lowered serotonin on cocaine-induced (1.0 mg/kg cocaine, self-administered intranasally) dopamine responses and drug craving.MethodIn non-dependent cocaine users, serotonin transmission was reduced using the acute tryptophan depletion method. Striatal dopamine responses were measured using positron emission tomography with [11C]raclopride.ResultsAcute tryptophan depletion increased drug craving and striatal dopamine responses to cocaine. These acute tryptophan depletion-induced increases did not occur in the absence of cocaine.ConclusionsThe results suggest that low serotonin transmission can increase dopaminergic and appetitive responses to cocaine. These findings might identify a mechanism by which individuals with low serotonin are at elevated risk for both substance use disorders and comorbid conditions.

Socio-demographic development and burden of mental, substance use disorders, and self-harm: An ecological analysis using the Global Burden of Disease study 2019

2021 ◽  
pp. 000486742110667
Author(s):  
Guillaume Barbalat ◽  
Sze Liu
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Demographic Development ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Disease Study

Objectives: Whether a country’s level of development is associated with an increased or decreased burden of mental and behavioural problems is an important yet unresolved question. Here, we examined the association between the burden of mental and substance use disorders and self-harm with socio-demographic development along temporal and geographical dimensions. Methods: We collected data from the Global Burden of Disease study 2019, which uses robust statistical modelling techniques to calculate disease burden estimates where data are sparse or unavailable. We extracted age-standardized Disability Adjusted Life Year rates as a measure of disease burden for 204 countries and territories, as well as the Socio-Demographic Index, a measure of development reflecting income per capita, fertility rate and level of education. We tested the association between Socio-Demographic Index and Disability Adjusted Life Years for mental and substance use disorders and self-harm, between 1990 and 2019, and across six geographical regions as defined by the World Health Organization. Results: The association between Socio-Demographic Index and Disability Adjusted Life Years was heterogeneous across world regions for all mental and behavioural conditions. For substance use disorders and self-harm, these regional variations were further moderated by time period. Our findings were robust to down-weighing outlier observations, as well as controlling for other socio-demographic variables, and the number of data sources available in each country. Conclusion: Based on data from the Global Burden of Disease study 2019, we demonstrated that the association between mental and substance use disorders and self-harm with socio-demographic development is dependent on geographical regions and temporal periods. This heterogeneity is likely related to geographical and temporal variations in socio-cultural norms, attitudes towards mental problems, as well as health care and social policies. Better knowledge of this spatial and temporal heterogeneity is crucial to ensure that countries do not develop at the expense of a higher burden of mental and behavioural conditions.

Neurobiology of Comorbid Substance Use Disorders and Psychiatric Disorders

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yatan Pal Singh Balhara ◽  
Pooja Patnaik Kuppili ◽  
Rishab Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Substance Use Disorders

Comorbidity of Severe Psychiatric Disorders and Substance Use Disorders Among Women in Jail

2003 ◽  
Vol 160 (5) ◽  
pp. 1007-1010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen M. Abram ◽  
Linda A. Teplin ◽  
Gary M. McClelland
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Substance Use Disorders
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