scholarly journals Ichthyosis (concept, pathohistology, clinical picture, treatment)

2021 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 6-13
Author(s):  
Tatyana Gennadyevna Takhtarova ◽  
Zarema Rimovna Khismatullina ◽  
Lyudmila Dmitrievna Panova ◽  
Anastasia Nikolaevna Panova
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Lamellar Ichthyosis ◽  
Congenital Ichthyosis ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Epidermolytic Hyperkeratosis ◽  
Definition Of

Ichthyosis is a skin disease that is hereditary, has pronounced symptoms in the form of a violation of the skin, and the presence of formations resembling fish scales. It is possible to distinguish different approaches to the definition of ichthyosis, based on the modern study of this issue. Ichthyosis is classified by type: congenital and acquired. Congenital ichthyosis has its own classification depending on the manifestation of changes in the skin, the course of the disease, concomitant pathologies. Congenital ichthyosis is divided into ordinary (vulgar autosomal dominant, simple) ichthyosis, lamellar ichthyosis (dry ichthyosiform erythroderma, "collodion child", lamellar ichthyosis), X-linked ichthyosis (ichthyosis associated with the X chromosome, blackening ichthyosis), congenital bullous ichthyosiform erythroderma (erythroderma Broca's disease, ichthyosiform epidermolytic hyperkeratosis), fetal ichthyosis (intrauterine ichthyosis, universal hyperkeratosis, "Harlequin fetus", congenital keratosis), other congenital ichthyosis. Ichthyosiform conditions (the so-called acquired ichthyosis) are divided into symptomatic, age-related (senile), discoid ichthyosis. The causes of acquired ichthyosis can be various diseases, taking medications, improper skin care, unbalanced nutrition. Each form of ichthyosis differs by the type of inheritance, prevalence in the population, clinical picture, verified by histological examination of skin biopsies and electron microscopic examination of the skin. It may be accompanied by seasonality of exacerbation of the clinical picture, association with other diseases (allergic, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, congenital malformations). There is no specific treatment for ichthyosis. In systemic therapy, derivatives of vitamin A are used, keratolytics, as well as moisturizing and emollient agents are used for external treatment. The use of therapeutic baths, general ultraviolet irradiation is effective.

Effects of Combination Chemical Peel on Facial Photodamaged Skin

1998 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
May H. El Samahy ◽  
Mohamed M. Ghoz ◽  
Naglaa Ramzy
Keyword(s):  
Glycolic Acid ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Elastic Fibers ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Trichloracetic Acid ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Photodamaged Skin ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Activated Fibroblasts

Introduction: Chemical peeling involves the topical application of a wounding agent with the goal of effecting an organized regeneration of the skin. The histologic and ultrastructural features of actinic and age-related damage include structural abnormalities that disrupt normal epidermal and dermal architecture. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the clinical and histologic effects of an enhanced medium-depth peel on photodamaged skin. We aimed to correlate the clinical and histologic findings with the ultrastructural changes occurring after the peel. These ultrastructural features are supposed to be more precise and informative than the clinical or histological response. They may also be employed as markers of peel response. Materials and Methods: In the present study, five patients with actinically damaged skin underwent enhanced medium-depth peels using 70% glycolic acid and 35% trichloracetic acid. Biopsy specimens were taken before the peel and 3 months after the peel for histologic and electron microscopic examination. Results: Clinical resolution of actinic damage corresponded with restoration of epidermal polarity. Characteristic histologic and ultrastructural features of the skin after peeling include markedly decreased epidermal intracytoplasmic vacuoles, decreased elastic fibers, increased activated fibroblasts, and organized parallel arrays of collagen fibrils. The diameters of individual fibrils are consistent with recent production of collagen by activated fibroblasts. Conclusion: Glycolic acid—tricholoro-acetic acid (GA-TCA) is an effective combination for a medium-depth peel in photodamaged skin both clinically and histologically. Electron microscopic studies following medium-depth peels reveal changes more profound than those seen histologically. The characteristic changes occurring in the keratinocytes, collagen, and elastic fibrils may be considered as guidelines or markers of the peel response.

AN ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION OF AGE-RELATED CHANGES IN THE RAT LIVER. The Influence of Diet

1988 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 1119-1130
Author(s):  
Keisuke Iwasaki ◽  
Hiroshi Maeda ◽  
Isao Shimokawa ◽  
Masafumi Hayashida ◽  
Byung Pal Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rat Liver ◽  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Changes

Electron microscopic studies on ultrathin frozen sections of lactating mouse mammary gland

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-47
Author(s):  
Jan Zarzycki ◽  
Joseph Szroeder
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Protein Denaturation ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Freeze Substitution ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Mouse Mammary Gland ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Ultrathin Frozen Sections

The mammary gland ultrastructure in various functional states is the object of our investigations. The material prepared for electron microscopic examination by the conventional chemical methods has several limitations, the most important are the protein denaturation processes and the loss of large amounts of chemical constituents from the cells. In relevance to this,one can't be sure about a degree the observed images are adequate to the realy ultrastructure of a living cell. To avoid the disadvantages of the chemical preparation methods,some autors worked out alternative physical methods based on tissue freezing / freeze-drying, freeze-substitution, freeze-eatching techniqs/; actually the technique of cryoultraraicrotomy,i,e.cutting ultrathin sections from deep frozen specimens is assented as a complete alternative method. According to the limitations of the routine plastic embbeding methods we were interested to analize the mammary gland ultrastructure during lactation by the cryoultramicrotomy method.

A Comparative Study of Fractographic Replicas

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 566-567
Author(s):  
Loren Anderson ◽  
Pat Pizzo ◽  
Glen Haydon
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Direct Examination ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Reliable Technique ◽  
Service Failures ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Mode Of Failure ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽  
Scanning Electron

Transmission electron microscopy of replicas has long been used to study the fracture surfaces of components which fail in service. Recently, the scanning electron microscope (SEM) has gained popularity because it allows direct examination of the fracture surface. However, the somewhat lower resolution of the SEM coupled with a restriction on the sample size has served to limit the use of this instrument in investigating in-service failures. It is the intent of this paper to show that scanning electron microscopic examination of conventional negative replicas can be a convenient and reliable technique for determining mode of failure.

Novel methods for demonstrating osseointegration of hydroxylapatite-coated titanium hip prostheses

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 34-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Frayssinet ◽  
J. Hanker ◽  
D. Hardy ◽  
B. Giammara
Keyword(s):  
Hip Prosthesis ◽  
Ethanol Concentration ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Hip Prostheses ◽  
Cellular Inclusions ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Diamond Saw ◽  
Plasma Sprayed

Prostheses implanted in hard tissues cannot be processed for electron microscopic examination or microanalysis in the same way as those in other tissues. For these reasons, we have developed methods allowing light and electron microscopic studies as well as microanalysis of the interface between bone and a metal biomaterial coated by plasma-sprayed hydroxylapatite(HA) ceramic.An HA-coated titanium hip prosthesis (Corail, Landos, France), which had been implanted for two years, was removed after death (unrelated to the orthopaedic problem). After fixation it was dehydrated in solutions of increasing ethanol concentration prior to embedment in polymethylmethacrylate(PMMA). Transverse femur sections were obtained with a diamond saw and the sections then carefully ground to a thickness of 200 microns. Plastic-embedded sections were stained for calcium with a silver methenamine modification of the von Kossa method for calcium staining and coated by carbon. They have been examined by back-scatter SEM on an ISI-SS60 operated at 25 KV. EDAX has been done on cellular inclusions and extracellular bone matrix.

Properties of Isolated Mitochondria of Agaricus Bisporus: Their Relationship to Dormancy and the Germination of Spores

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 458-459
Author(s):  
K. S. McCarty ◽  
R. F. Weave ◽  
L. Kemper ◽  
F. S. Vogel
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Ethidium Bromide ◽  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Agaricus Bisporus ◽  
Osmotic Shock ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Isolated Mitochondria ◽  
Dna Strands ◽  
Cytoplasmic Ribosomes

During the prodromal stages of sporulation in the Basidiomycete, Agaricus bisporus, mitochondria accumulate in the basidial cells, zygotes, in the gill tissues prior to entry of these mitochondria, together with two haploid nuclei and cytoplasmic ribosomes, into the exospores. The mitochondria contain prominent loci of DNA [Fig. 1]. A modified Kleinschmidt spread technique1 has been used to evaluate the DNA strands from purified whole mitochondria released by osmotic shock, mitochondrial DNA purified on CsCl gradients [density = 1.698 gms/cc], and DNA purified on ethidium bromide CsCl gradients. The DNA appeared as linear strands up to 25 u in length and circular forms 2.2-5.2 u in circumference. In specimens prepared by osmotic shock, many strands of DNA are apparently attached to membrane fragments [Fig. 2]. When mitochondria were ruptured in hypotonic sucrose and then fixed in glutaraldehyde, the ribosomes were released for electron microscopic examination.

Molecular Structure of the Outermost Cell Wall Component of Spirillum Serpens

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 342-343
Author(s):  
Wah Chiu ◽  
David Grano
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Outer Membrane ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Cell Wall Component ◽  
Protein Components ◽  
Exposure Technique ◽  
Structural Aspects

The periodic structure external to the outer membrane of Spirillum serpens VHA has been isolated by similar procedures to those used by Buckmire and Murray (1). From SDS gel electrophoresis, we have found that the isolated fragments contain several protein components, and that the crystalline structure is composed of a glycoprotein component with a molecular weight of ∽ 140,000 daltons (2). Under an electron microscopic examination, we have visualized the hexagonally-packed glycoprotein subunits, as well as the bilayer profile of the outer membrane. In this paper, we will discuss some structural aspects of the crystalline glycoproteins, based on computer-reconstructed images of the external cell wall fragments.The specimens were prepared for electron microscopy in two ways: negatively stained with 1% PTA, and maintained in a frozen-hydrated state (3). The micrographs were taken with a JEM-100B electron microscope with a field emission gun. The minimum exposure technique was essential for imaging the frozen- hydrated specimens.

Electron Microscopic Examination of a Transplantable Rat Mammary Carcinoma

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 20-21
Author(s):  
S. Shirahama ◽  
G. C. Engle ◽  
R. M. Dutcher
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Undifferentiated Carcinoma ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
North West ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
Tissue Specimens

A transplantable carcinoma was established in North West Sprague Dawley (NWSD) rats by use of X-irradiation by Engle and Spencer. The tumor was passaged through 63 generations over a period of 32 months. The original tumor, an adenocarcinoma, changed into an undifferentiated carcinoma following the 19th transplant. The tumor grew well in NWSD rats of either sex at various ages. It was invariably fatal, causing death of the host within 15 to 35 days following transplantation.Tumor, thymus, spleen, and plasma from 7 rats receiving transplants of tumor at 3 to 9 weeks of age were examined with an electron microscope at intervals of 8, 15, 22 and 30 days after transplantation. Four normal control rats of the same age were also examined. The tissues were fixed in glutaraldehyde, postfixed in osmium tetroxide and embedded in Epon. The plasma was separated from heparanized blood and processed as previously described for the tissue specimens. Sections were stained with uranyl acetate followed by lead citrate and examined with an RCA EMU-3G electron microscope.

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