Early Plotopteridae Specimens (Aves) from the Itanoura and Kakinoura Formations (Latest Eocene to Early Oligocene), Saikai, Nagasaki Prefecture, Western Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirotsugu Mori ◽  
Kazunori Miyata
Keyword(s):  
Early Oligocene ◽  
Western Japan ◽  
Latest Eocene ◽  
Nagasaki Prefecture

scholarly journals New phiocricetomyine rodents (Hystricognathi) from the Jebel Qatrani Formation, Fayum Depression, Egypt

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12074
Author(s):  
Shorouq F. Al-Ashqar ◽  
Erik R. Seiffert ◽  
Dorien de Vries ◽  
Sanaa El-Sayed ◽  
Mohamed S. Antar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Late Eocene ◽  
Type Locality ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
Additional Material ◽  
Early Oligocene ◽  
Species Type ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Latest Eocene

Background The rich rodent assemblages from the Eocene–Oligocene deposits of the Jebel Qatrani Formation (Fayum Depression, Egypt) have important implications for our understanding of the origin and paleobiogeography of Hystricognathi, a diverse clade that is now represented by the Afro-Asiatic Hystricidae, New World Caviomorpha, and African Phiomorpha. Methods Here we present previously undescribed material of the enigmatic hystricognath clade Phiocricetomyinae, from two stratigraphic levels in the lower sequence of the Jebel Qatrani Formation—a new genus and species (Qatranimys safroutus) from the latest Eocene Locality 41 (~34 Ma, the oldest and most productive quarry in the formation) and additional material of Talahphiomys lavocati from that species’ type locality, early Oligocene Quarry E (~31–33.2 Ma). Results The multiple specimens of Qatranimys safroutus from L-41 document almost the entire lower and upper dentition, as well as mandibular fragments and the first cranial remains known for a derived phiocricetomyine. Specimens from Quarry E allow us to expand comparisons with specimens from Libya (late Eocene of Dur at-Talah and early Oligocene of Zallah Oasis) that have been placed in T. lavocati, and we show that the Dur at-Talah and Zallah specimens do not pertain to this species. These observations leave the Fayum Quarry E as the only locality where T. lavocati occurs.

Late Eocene – Early Miocene facies and stratigraphic development, Taranaki Basin, New Zealand: the transition to plate boundary tectonics during regional transgression

2019 ◽  
Vol 156 (10) ◽  
pp. 1751-1770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic P. Strogen ◽  
Karen E. Higgs ◽  
Angela G. Griffin ◽  
Hugh E. G. Morgans
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Tectonic Setting ◽  
Plate Boundary ◽  
Late Eocene ◽  
Early Miocene ◽  
Fault System ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Early Oligocene ◽  
Well Data ◽  
Latest Eocene

AbstractEight latest Eocene to earliest Miocene stratigraphic surfaces have been identified in petroleum well data from the Taranaki Basin, New Zealand. These surfaces define seven regional sedimentary packages, of variable thickness and lithofacies, forming a mixed siliciclastic–carbonate system. The evolving tectonic setting, particularly the initial development of the Australian–Pacific convergent margin, controlled geographic, stratigraphic and facies variability. This tectonic signal overprinted a regional transgressive trend that culminated in latest Oligocene times. The earliest influence of active compressional tectonics is reflected in the preservation of latest Eocene – Early Oligocene deepwater sediments in the northern Taranaki Basin. Thickness patterns for all mid Oligocene units onwards show a shift in sedimentation to the eastern Taranaki Basin, controlled by reverse movement on the Taranaki Fault System. This resulted in the deposition of a thick sedimentary wedge, initially of coarse clastic sediments, later carbonate dominated, in the foredeep close to the fault. In contrast, Oligocene active normal faulting in a small sub-basin in the south may represent the most northerly evidence for rifting in southern Zealandia, related to Emerald Basin formation. The Early Miocene period saw a return to clastic-dominated deposition, the onset of regional regression and the southward propagation of compressional tectonics.

Age and depositional environment of the Rock River coal basin, Yukon Territory, Canada

1994 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 865-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. F. Long ◽  
A. R. Sweet
Keyword(s):  
Depositional Environment ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Late Eocene ◽  
Yukon Territory ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Fluvial System ◽  
Coal Basin ◽  
Early Oligocene ◽  
Palynological Assemblage ◽  
Latest Eocene

Poorly exposed Late Eocene strata in the Rock River basin, 115 km northeast of Watson Lake, accumulated in an intermontane valley with a geometry and history controlled by subsidence associated with the Rock River Fault. The sequence, as seen in one outcrop and five borehole sections, is dominated by drab mudrocks with minor sandstones and some thick lenses of coal. The mudrocks accumulated in floodplain marsh and pond settings associated with a low-gradient, possibly anastomosed, fluvial system. River banks were stable owing to the abundance of plant roots in the channel walls. Although channel sandstone and conglomerate were not identified in the core, the abundance of coarsening- and fining-upwards sets of sandstone of splay origin indicates pronounced levee development. Woody coals accumulated in areas well away from the main channel, in a series of elongate forested swamps, which were periodically inundated by flood water.The overall palynological assemblage is typical of the Eocene and Early Oligocene. A Late Eocene age is inferred from the presence of Gothanipollis in combination with the absence of index species for the Early–Middle Eocene and the latest? Eocene and Oligocene. The low miospore diversity indicates a temperate climate. The dominance of the palynological assemblage by Taxodiaceae–Cupressaceae pollen indicates wet–humid conditions.

Eucryphia (Cunoniaceae) reproductive and leaf macrofossils from Australian cainozoic sediments

2000 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard W. Barnes ◽  
Gregory J. Jordan
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Late Eocene ◽  
Early Pleistocene ◽  
South American ◽  
Evolutionary Trend ◽  
South American Species ◽  
Locality Record ◽  
Early Oligocene ◽  
Latest Eocene ◽  
A New Species

The first fossil capsule of Eucryphia,E. reticulata R.W.Barnes & G.J.Jord. sp. nov.,is described from Lea River (Early Oligocene), and, like capsules of the twoextant South American species of E. glutinosa (Poepp. etEndl.) Baill. and E. cordifolia Cav., is large and has arelatively large number of valves. The capsule occurs with aEucryphia leaf macrofossil that was probably a leaflet from a compound leaf as it is highly falcate. The leaflet may be derived fromthe same parent plant as E. reticulata but in theabsence of an organic connection it is described as a new species,E. leaensis R.W.Barnes & G.J.Jord. sp. nov.Additional leaf macrofossil specimens of E. aberensisR.S.Hill from the type locality (Loch Aber; Middle–Late Eocene) and anew locality record for the species, Little Rapid River (Early Oligocene),indicate that the species had compound leaves formed by serrate and entiremargin leaflets. Another incomplete Eucryphia capsuleoccurs at Little Rapid River (Early Oligocene) but it is too poorly preservedto assign it to an extant or extinct species. It may be derived from the sameparent plant asE. aberensis, with which it occurs, but cannot be confirmed as there is no organic connection. A new leaf macrofossil with serrate margins, E. mucronata R.W.Barnes & G.J.Jord. sp. nov., is also described from ?Latest Eocene–EarlyOligocene sediments at Wilson’s Creek, central Tasmania. Leafmacrofossils previously assigned to E. aff.milliganii from Early Pleistocene sediments at RegattaPoint in western Tasmania are shown to be conspecific with the two extant Tasmanian species, E. lucida (Labill.) Baill. andE. milliganii Hook.f. ssp.milliganii on the basis of foliar hair distribution patterns and density. The oldest fossil Eucryphiaspecies, E. falcata R.S. Hill (Lake Bungarby; LatePaleocene), had compound leaves formed by leaflets with serrate margins, whichis possibly the plesiomorphic condition for all Cunoniaceae genera. WithinEucryphia, there has been an evolutionary trend towardssimple leaves with entire margins and well-developed peltiform cuticular extensions.

scholarly journals CT-Informed Skull Osteology of Palaeolagus haydeni (Mammalia: Lagomorpha) and Its Bearing on the Reconstruction of the Early Lagomorph Body Plan

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej S. Wolniewicz ◽  
Łucja Fostowicz-Frelik
Keyword(s):  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Late Eocene ◽  
Last Common Ancestor ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Early Oligocene ◽  
Phylogenetic Status ◽  
Herbivorous Mammals ◽  
Latest Eocene ◽  
First Time

Lagomorpha is a clade of herbivorous mammals nested within Euarchontoglires, one of the major placental groups represented today. It comprises two extant families with markedly different body plans: the long-eared and long-limbed Leporidae (hares and rabbits) and the short-eared and short-limbed Ochotonidae (pikas). These two lagomorph lineages diverged probably during the latest Eocene/early Oligocene, but it is unclear whether the last common ancestor of crown lagomorphs was more leporid- or more ochotonid-like in morphology. Palaeolagus, an early lagomorph dominant in western North America from the late Eocene to Oligocene is of particular importance for addressing this controversy. Here, we present new and comprehensive data on the cranial anatomy of Palaeolagus haydeni, the type species for the genus, based on micro-computed tomography (μCT). Our μCT data allow us to confirm, revise and score for the very first time the states of several leporid-like and ochotonid-like characters in the skull of Palaeolagus. This mixed cranial architecture differentiates Palaeolagus from the crown groups of Lagomorpha and supports its phylogenetic status as a stem taxon.

Decarbonizing Technique for Casting Iron to Make Wrought Iron Products in Northern Kyushu during the Yayoi Period

2020 ◽  
Vol 983 ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Kazuo Miyamoto
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Stone Tools ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wrought Iron ◽  
Iron Slag ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Western Japan ◽  
Experimental Archeology ◽  
Nagasaki Prefecture

Iron furnaces first appeared in western Japan at the end of the Middle Yayoi period, around the 1st century BC. At the same time, iron tools and weapons started to be produced in western Japan using iron raw materials imported from the continent. We discovered the first ever iron furnace that had been constructed on the surface with a clay wall and bellows at Karakami Site, Iki Island, Nagasaki Prefecture. At this site, flat iron and fragments of casting iron were found along with a large quantity of stone tools related to the site. Given the different structure of the furnace on the surface with the bellows along with the lack of iron slag and cut iron fragments, it is probable that this type of furnace was used for the production of wrought iron by decarbonizing from cast iron. This decarbonizing technique of making wrought iron from cast iron has been successfully demonstrated through experimental archeology. When comparing the forms of flat iron found in northern Kyushu during the Yayoi period, the same forms of flat iron are only found in the Itoshima area or lower Onga River area, but not in the Fukuoka Plains. In addition, pottery from the Itoshima area and lower Onga River area of the Middle Yayoi period is found at Karakami Site, although pottery from the Fukuoka Plains has not been found at this site through petrologic analysis. Therefore, it is believed that flat iron from wrought iron ingots produced by decarbonizing from cast iron in furnaces on the surface was exported from Karakami Site to the Itoshima area or the lower Ongagawa area. On the other hand, there was no trading of wrought iron ingots between Karakami Site of Iki Island and the Na area of the Fukuoka Plains.

scholarly journals Uplift, climate and biotic changes at the Eocene–Oligocene transition in south-eastern Tibet

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Su ◽  
Robert A Spicer ◽  
Shi-Hu Li ◽  
He Xu ◽  
Jian Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Size ◽  
Radiometric Dating ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Early Oligocene ◽  
Plant Fossil ◽  
Eastern Tibet ◽  
History Of ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
Latest Eocene

Abstract The uplift history of south-eastern Tibet is crucial to understanding processes driving the tectonic evolution of the Tibetan Plateau and surrounding areas. Underpinning existing palaeoaltimetric studies has been regional mapping based in large part on biostratigraphy that assumes a Neogene modernization of the highly diverse, but threatened, Asian biota. Here, with new radiometric dating and newly collected plant-fossil archives, we quantify the surface height of part of the south-eastern margin of Tibet in the latest Eocene (∼34 Ma) to be ∼3 km and rising, possibly attaining its present elevation (3.9 km) in the early Oligocene. We also find that the Eocene–Oligocene transition in south-eastern Tibet witnessed leaf-size diminution and a floral composition change from sub-tropical/warm temperate to cool temperate, likely reflective of both uplift and secular climate change, and that, by the latest Eocene, floral modernization on Tibet had already taken place, implying modernization was deeply rooted in the Palaeogene.

scholarly journals Mortality by Age Group and Municipality in the July 2018 Torrential Rainfall

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 912-921
Author(s):  
Miho Ohara ◽  
◽  
Naoko Nagumo
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
Target Setting ◽  
Total Death ◽  
Western Japan ◽  
Hiroshima Prefecture ◽  
Torrential Rainfall ◽  
Okayama Prefecture ◽  
Nagasaki Prefecture

The July 2018 torrential rainfall caused tremendous damage to western Japan, claiming the lives of 237 people. This research analyzed the mortality due to the disaster by age group and municipality and compared it with historical records of past wind and flood disasters. The analysis confirmed that the total death toll of 237 including 115 deaths in Hiroshima Prefecture alone was the second highest in 41 years since 1978, following 427 deaths including 294 in Nagasaki Prefecture in the Nagasaki Great Flood in 1982. The analysis also found that the mortality rate in the age group 70 years and more was extremely high in Mabi Town of Kurashiki City, Okayama Prefecture and Saka Town, Hiroshima Prefecture, compared with that recorded in past disasters. Moreover, the paper discusses practical target setting for future mortality reduction by comparing the mortality rates in past disasters.

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