scholarly journals Urban attributes of degraded towns on the example of the West Pomeranian Voivodeship

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateusz Cudo
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Current Level ◽  
Urban Spatial Structure ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
The West ◽  
Urban Status ◽  
The Status ◽  
Post War ◽  
A Current

The article presents degraded towns in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship that currently maintain the status of a village. Five settlements, which today are seats of communes, were analyzed in detail, as well as four that performed such a function in the post-war past. First of all, the origin of the emergence as well as the circumstances of the loss of the urban status were discussed. Then a current level of development of the features of urban centers was presented, as regards to the population, functional and spatial aspects. In addition to the number of population and the structure of the economy, particular attention was given to the urban spatial structure that co-create the local cultural landscape. The summary presents the main reasons for the degradation of the discussed centres and highlights those that potentially have the greatest predisposition to regain the urban status.

scholarly journals Research on the Simulation Application of Data Mining in Urban Spatial Structure

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Xin Sui ◽  
Xiong He
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Urban Spatial Structure ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Urban Research ◽  
The City

Data mining and simulation of the Internet of things (IOT) have been applied more and more widely in the rapidly developing urban research discipline. Urban spatial structure is an important field that needs to be explored in the sustainable urban development, while data mining is relatively rare in the research of urban spatial structure. In this study, 705,747 POI (Point of Interest) were used to conduct simulation analysis of western cities in China by mining the data of online maps. Through kernel density analysis and spatial correlation index, the distribution and aggregation characteristics of different types of POI data in urban space were analyzed and the spatial analysis and correlation characteristics among different functional centers of the city were obtained. The spatial structure of the city is characterized by “multicenters and multigroups”, and the distribution of multicenters is also shown in cities with different functional types. The development degree of different urban centers varies significantly, but most of them are still in their infancy. Data mining of Internet of things (IOT) has good adaptability in city simulation and will play an important role in urban research in the future.

Fujita, Tsuguharu (藤田嗣治) (1886–1968)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Szostak
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Pacific War ◽  
The West ◽  
White Pigment ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Japanese Military ◽  
Post War ◽  
Contemporary Painting ◽  
French Citizen

Fujita Tsuguharu was a Japanese oil painter who spent most of his career in France. He is known in the West for female nudes and portraits painted in the 1920s with a distinctive pearl-white pigment, executed in a style that melds French modernism with the linear aesthetics of traditional Japanese prints. These paintings, which frequently featured cats, won him both critical and popular acclaim, earned him membership in the Salon d’Automne, and made him a mainstay of the Montparnasse artist community. He is the sole Japanese painter associated with the École de Paris. Fujita returned to Japan in 1933, where he exerted substantial influence on contemporary painting as a member of the Second Section Society (Nikakai). During the Pacific War, Fujita created many large-scale works for the Japanese military as an official war artist, activities that continue to affect his reputation in Japan today. Difficulties adjusting to the post-war cultural landscape of Japan led Fujita to return to France in 1950, where he revitalized his career. He became a French citizen in 1955, and was awarded the Legion of Honour in 1957.

scholarly journals Russian diplomat A.S. Ionin on the status of Montenegro after the Congress of Berlin and Russia's foreign policy plans in the west of the Balkan peninsula

2019 ◽  
pp. 310-324
Author(s):  
Varvara Khlebnikova
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
The West ◽  
Political Consequences ◽  
The Status ◽  
Post War

The article deals with the activities of the Russian diplomat A.S. Ionin working as au Consul General in Dubrovnik, and the fi rst Russian resident minister in the Montenegrin principality afterwards in 1878. Ionin was not only the initiator and creator of the mission in Cetinje. He actively helped the Montenegrin government to develop a framework for foreign policy after the signing of the San Stefano and Berlin treaties. He also analyzed the post-war situation in the Balkan Peninsula and contributed to the development of the status quo policy to consolidate Russia's successes achieved in the war of 1877-78 and neutralize the unfavourable political consequences of the concessions made under pressure from the European powers at the Congress of Berlin.

scholarly journals Rethinking the Identification of Urban Centers from the Perspective of Function Distribution: A Framework Based on Point-of-Interest Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Yu ◽  
Tao Yu ◽  
Yongxiang Wu ◽  
Guangdong Wu
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Spatial Clustering ◽  
Urban Spatial Structure ◽  
Urban Center ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Modern Culture ◽  
Point Of Interest ◽  
Function Distribution ◽  
Urban Functions

Urban spatial structure has a significant impact on the sustainable development of cities. An important step of urban spatial structure analysis is the identification of urban centers. From the perspective of urban function distribution, this study developed a theoretical framework of three layers for urban center identification. In the first layer, point-of-interest data were collected from geospatial databases and utilized to capture the spatial distribution of urban functions. In the second layer, the density-based spatial clustering of application with noise (DBSCAN) algorithm was employed to group points of interest into urban centers according to their inter-distances and urban functions. In the third layer, the spatial distribution of the identified urban centers was visualized by the ArcGIS platform. This framework was applied in the urban center analysis of Beijing. The results showed that Beijing is in the process of transitioning from monocentric to polycentric with urban functions distributed unevenly throughout the city. To facilitate this transition, strategies such as the construction of super-large communities, the development of branch campuses and higher-education parks, and the enhancement of modern culture industries should be considered for the 11 new towns of Beijing.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Impact of Mega-Sports Events on Urbanization Focusing on Land-Use Changes Using a Scenario-Based Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1649
Author(s):  
Jinjin Fan ◽  
Yue Li ◽  
Wenquan Zhu ◽  
Yan Chen ◽  
Yao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Urban Spatial Structure ◽  
The West ◽  
Construction Land ◽  
West Lake ◽  
Sports Events ◽  
Mega Sports Events ◽  
The Impact

Mega-sports events have a profound impact on promoting the urbanization process, optimizing the urban spatial structure, and improving the competitiveness of the host city. Taking the 19th Asian Games Hangzhou 2022 (AGH) as an example, we used remote sensing data and a scenario-based model to simulate land-use changes and developments from 2005 to 2025. By setting two scenarios, natural development and AGH-driven development, we explored the impact of AGH on urban development and its driving factors. The results show that (1) cultivated land areas decreased by 369.96 km2, while construction land areas increased by 488.33 km2 among the main land-use types in Hangzhou from 2005 to 2020. Urban areas quickly expanded with the West Lake as the center. (2) Urban sprawl intensity under the AGH-driven scenario is expected to increase by 0.91% compared to in the natural-development scenario, indicating that hosting AGH would accelerate the expansion of urban land, particularly in districts set with sports venues such as Binjiang, Xiaoshan, and Yuhang. The strategic trend of supporting the Qiantang River is obvious. (3) Under the influence of AGH, the centroid of urban construction land shifted towards the southeast, and the spatial direction was remarkable. The construction of venues and supporting facilities, and construction land for public rail transit, are the main direct driving forces of urban expansion. The AGH enhances the pace of urbanization, significantly altering the urban spatial structure and helping the city achieve a major transition from the West Lake Era to the Qiantang River Era. Furthermore, our research can provide insights into other cities that will host mega-sports events.

scholarly journals Detecting Urban Polycentric Structure from POI Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deng ◽  
Liu ◽  
Liu ◽  
Luo
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Urban Spatial Structure ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Point Of Interest ◽  
Spatial Changes ◽  
Urban Terrain ◽  
Contour Tree

It is meaningful to analyze urban spatial structure by identifying urban subcenters, and many methods of doing so have been proposed in the published literature. Although these methods are widely applied, they exhibit obvious shortcomings that limit their further application. Therefore, it is of great value to propose a new urban subcenter identification method that can overcome these shortcomings. In this paper, we propose the density contour tree (DCT) method for detecting urban polycentric structures and their spatial distributions. Conceptually, this method is based on an analogy between urban spatial structure and terrain. The point-of-interest (POI) density is visualized as a continuous mathematical surface representing the urban terrain. Peaks represent the regions of the most frequent human activity, valleys represent regions with small population densities in the city, and slopes represent spatial changes in urban land-use intensity. Using this method, we have detected the urban “polycentric” structure of Beijing and determined the corresponding spatial relationships. In addition, several important properties of the urban centers have been identified. For example, Beijing has a typical urban polycentric structure with an urban center area accounting for 5.9% of the total urban area, and most of the urban centers in Beijing serve comprehensive functions. In general, the method and the results can serve as references for the later research on analyzing urban structure.

scholarly journals PROFESSOR LOSEV'S EVERYDAY LIFE: ESPIONAGE IN SOVIET POST-WAR CINEMA

2020 ◽  
pp. 85-92
Author(s):  
Евгения Андреевна Долгова
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
The West ◽  
The Status ◽  
Post War ◽  
The One ◽  
Science In Society ◽  
The Ideal

В статье анализируется трансформация сюжета шпиономании в советских игровых кинокартинах о быте советских учёных конца 1940-х - начала 1950-х гг. Кинематограф этого времени внимателен к фигуре ученого: картины, посвященные героическим биографиям или научной повседневности, отражали статус науки в обществе, повседневность научных работников. Автор анализирует мифологию современного кинолентам общества, реконструирует представления власти об идеальном типе взаимоотношений ученого и государства. Делается вывод о том, что роль учёного в кинематографе тех лет специфична - с одной стороны, его образ часто приобретал черты нравственной максимы, с другой - оказывался в фокусе шпиономании. Мотив шпиономании, отрицание «низкопоклонства перед Западом» и космополитизма - специфичные черты кинематографа тех лет, нашедшие отражение и в конкретных исторических событиях - например, предвоенной дескридитирующей компании против Н. Н. Лузина, послевоенном деле «КР». В основу работы с аудиовизуальными источниками положен метод поэтапного структурированного наблюдения. The article aims to study the plot of espionage in Soviet films about the life of Soviet scientists in the late 1940s-early 1950s. The Cinema of this time is attentive to the figure of a scientist: the films are dedicated to heroic biographies or scientific everyday life, they reflected the status of science in society. The author analyzes the mythology of films, reconstructs the authorities ' ideas about the ideal type of relationship between the scientist and the state. It is concluded that the role of the scientist in the cinema of those years is specific - on the one hand, his image often acquired the features of a moral maxim, on the other-was in the focus of espionage. The close intertwining of the spy motif, the negation of «admiration for the West» and cosmopolitanism - specific feature of the cinema of those years, as reflected in specific historical events - for example, the defamatory company against Nikolay N. Luzin, post-war case «КR». The audio-visual sources were analyzed with the method of step-by-step structured observation.

Squatting: The Fight for Decent Shelter, 1970s–1980s

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-50
Author(s):  
John Marsland
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Housing Policies ◽  
The West ◽  
The World ◽  
Housing Needs ◽  
Post War ◽  
Second World

During the twenty years after the Second World War, housing began to be seen as a basic right among many in the west, and the British welfare state included many policies and provisions to provide decent shelter for its citizens. This article focuses on the period circa 1968–85, because this was a time in England when the lack of affordable, secure-tenured housing reached a crisis level at the same time that central and local governmental housing policies received wider scrutiny for their ineffectiveness. My argument is that despite post-war laws and rhetoric, many Britons lived through a housing disaster and for many the most rational way they could solve their housing needs was to exploit loopholes in the law (as well as to break them out right). While the main focus of the article is on young British squatters, there is scope for transnational comparison. Squatters in other parts of the world looked to their example to address the housing needs in their own countries, especially as privatization of public services spread globally in the 1980s and 1990s. Dutch, Spanish, German and American squatters were involved in a symbiotic exchange of ideas and sometimes people with the British squatters and each other, and practices and rhetoric from one place were quickly adopted or rejected based on the success or failure in each place.

Contemporary Qur'anic Studies in Iran and its Relationship with Qur'anic Studies in the West

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-72
Author(s):  
Morteza Karimi-Nia
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Human Sciences ◽  
The West ◽  
Communications Technologies ◽  
Religious Learning ◽  
The Status ◽  
Islamic Republic Of Iran ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The status of tafsīr and Qur'anic studies in the Islamic Republic of Iran has changed significantly during recent decades. The essay provides an overview of the state of Qur'anic studies in Iran today, aiming to examine the extent of the impact of studies by Western scholars on Iranian academic circles during the last three decades and the relationship between them. As in most Islamic countries, the major bulk of academic activity in Iran in this field used to be undertaken by the traditional ʿulamāʾ; however, since the beginning of the twentieth century and the establishment of universities and other academic institutions in the Islamic world, there has been increasing diversity and development. After the Islamic Revolution, many gradual changes in the structure and approach of centres of religious learning and universities have occurred. Contemporary advancements in modern sciences and communications technologies have gradually brought the institutions engaged in the study of human sciences to confront the new context. As a result, the traditional Shīʿī centres of learning, which until 50 years ago devoted themselves exclusively to the study of Islamic law and jurisprudence, today pay attention to the teaching of foreign languages, Qur'anic sciences and exegesis, including Western studies about the Qur'an, to a certain extent, and recognise the importance of almost all of the human sciences of the West.

Values and Gender Equality between Islam and the West

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 79-94
Author(s):  
Moulay Rachid Mrani
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Virtual Space ◽  
Value Systems ◽  
Women And Gender ◽  
The West ◽  
Living Together ◽  
The Status ◽  
Muslim Intellectuals ◽  
Multiple Challenges ◽  
And Gender

If the development of technology, means of communication, and rapid transportation have made continents closer and made the world a small village, the outcome of the ensuing encounters among cultures and civilizations is far from being a mere success. Within this new reality Muslims, whether they live in majority or minority contexts, face multiple challenges in terms of relating to non-Muslim cultures and traditions. One of these areas is the status of women and gender equality. Ali Mazrui was one of the few Muslim intellectuals to be deeply interested in this issue. His dual belonging, as an African and as a westerner, enable him to understand such issues arising from the economic, political, and ethical contrasts between the West and Islam. This work pays tribute to this exceptional intellectual’s contribution toward the rapprochement between the western and the Islamic value systems, illustrating how he managed to create a “virtual” space for meeting and living together between two worlds that remain different yet dependent upon each other. 

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