scholarly journals Foaming of industrial lean methyldiethanolamine solution in the presence of hydrocarbon and fatty acid based corrosion inhibitors

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Keewan ◽  
Fawzi Banat ◽  
Priyabrata Pal ◽  
Jerina Zain ◽  
Emad Alhseinat
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Corrosion Inhibitor ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Corrosion Inhibitors ◽  
Liquid Volume ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Time Flow ◽  
Foaming Time

In natural gas sweetening alkanolamine processes one of the regularly used chemical is the corrosion inhibitor. For better operation of the plant it is essential to understand the effect of their presence on foaming of industrial lean Methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) used as solvents at different temperatures. This study aimed at investigating the effect of HydroCarbon Based (HCB) and fatty acid based corrosion inhibitor having chemical name Bis(2-Hydroxyethyl)Cocoalkylamine (BHCL) on the foaming tendency of industrial real lean MDEA solutions. Experiments were conducted with different operating parameters, including liquid volume of the solution, foaming time, flow rate of nitrogen gas, concentration of the corrosion inhibitors, temperature of the solution, and gas diffuser pore size using the Foam Scan instrument. With the increase in solution volume and foaming time foaming happens to be more. The foaming tendency of lean MDEA solutions decreased with increasing temperature in absence of corrosion inhibitors but showed different behavior in their presence. At small diffuser pore size and high gas flow rate, the final foam volume increased in the presence of HCB but decreased with the BHCL inhibitor. Optimizing the operating parameters to minimize foaming was verified to be a function of the type of inhibitor used.

scholarly journals Experimental Verification of Real-Time Flow-Rate Estimations in a Tilting-Ladle-Type Automatic Pouring Machine

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 6701
Author(s):  
Yuta Sueki ◽  
Yoshiyuki Noda
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Molten Metal ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Kalman Filters ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Liquid Volume ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Rate Estimation ◽  
Time Flow

This paper discusses a real-time flow-rate estimation method for a tilting-ladle-type automatic pouring machine used in the casting industry. In most pouring machines, molten metal is poured into a mold by tilting the ladle. Precise pouring is required to improve productivity and ensure a safe pouring process. To achieve precise pouring, it is important to control the flow rate of the liquid outflow from the ladle. However, due to the high temperature of molten metal, directly measuring the flow rate to devise flow-rate feedback control is difficult. To solve this problem, specific flow-rate estimation methods have been developed. In the previous study by present authors, a simplified flow-rate estimation method was proposed, in which Kalman filters were decentralized to motor systems and the pouring process for implementing into the industrial controller of an automatic pouring machine used a complicatedly shaped ladle. The effectiveness of this flow rate estimation was verified in the experiment with the ideal condition. In the present study, the appropriateness of the real-time flow-rate estimation by decentralization of Kalman filters is verified by comparing it with two other types of existing real-time flow-rate estimations, i.e., time derivatives of the weight of the outflow liquid measured by the load cell and the liquid volume in the ladle measured by a visible camera. We especially confirmed the estimation errors of the candidate real-time flow-rate estimations in the experiments with the uncertainty of the model parameters. These flow-rate estimation methods were applied to a laboratory-type automatic pouring machine to verify their performance.

scholarly journals Effect of operating parameters on production of bio-oil from fast pyrolysis of maize stalk in bubbling fluidized bed reactor

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 88-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najaf Ali ◽  
Mahmood Saleem ◽  
Khurram Shahzad ◽  
Sadiq Hussain ◽  
Arshad Chughtai
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Superficial Velocity ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Carrier Gas ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Carrier Gas Flow

Abstract The yield and composition of pyrolysis products depend on the characteristics of feed stock and process operating parameters. Effect of particle size, reaction temperature and carrier gas flow rate on the yield of bio-oil from fast pyrolysis of Pakistani maize stalk was investigated. Pyrolysis experiments were performed at temperature range of 360-540°C, feed particle size of 1-2 mm and carrier gas fl ow rate of 7.0-13.0 m3/h (0.61.1 m/s superficial velocity). Bio-oil yield increased with the increase of temperature followed by a decreasing trend. The maximum yield of bio-oil obtained was 42 wt% at a temperature of 490°C with the particle size of around 1.0 mm and carrier gas flow rate of 11.0 m3/h (0.9 m/s superficial velocity). High temperatures resulted in the higher ratios of char and non-condensable gas.

A Study on Measurement Uncertainty of a Vortex Flow Meter in Discrete Liquid Phase

2011 ◽  
Vol 346 ◽  
pp. 593-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Fei Jia ◽  
De Ren Kong
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Measurement Uncertainty ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Volume Flow Rate ◽  
Volume Flow ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Liquid Volume ◽  
Vortex Flowmeter ◽  
Gas Volume

The measurement uncertainty of vortex flowmeter was examined when the gas flow measured was injected with liquid. This test was performed in a multiphase flow calibration facility. A vortex flowmeter of 50 mm in diameter was installed in a 100 mm test section. The gas volume flow rate was held in 141m3/h and the liquid was injected into the gas flow. The liquid volume fractions used at the gas volume flow rate were 0.0106%, 0.0213%,0.0355%,0.0496%,0.0638%,0.0780% and 0.0922%. The small amount of liquid in the gas as discrete droplet is called discrete liquid phase. Analysis on the vortex shedding frequency obtained from a frequency spectra showed that the strouhal values changed from 0.305 to 0.385 with the discrete liquid phase increasing and the total uncertainty of vortex flowmeter was from 0.869% to 2.196%. The experimental result can supply experimental basis for the measurement error correction of vortex flowmeter worked in gas flow with discrete liquid phase.

scholarly journals Investigation of parameters of leakage of toxic and explosive substances and gases under the action of high pressure from tanks of the special purpose during

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-53
Author(s):  
M. Semerak ◽  
T. Hlova ◽  
B. Hlova ◽  
O. Petruchenko
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Gas Leakage ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Time Flow ◽  
Steel Tanks ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cylindrical Tanks

Tanks for the storage of oil products and toxic substances in warehouses are the main ones. They can be in the form of separate tanks or a group of tanks. The most widespread are vertical steel tanks with a stationary roof that a placed in open areas. The tanks heat up, and the intensity of evaporation of the oil product increases in case of fire. If there is a permanent roof, the pressure in the tank will increase. If the capacity of the breathing valves is less than the intensity of evaporation then there is a risk of explosion. Explosions in the tank often lead to the separation of the bottom, and the side cylindrical surface and the roof fly away instantly, spilling oil on neighboring tanks and the territory of the tank’s park. Then the combustion area increases intensively. The destruction of the integrity of the tank, due to the separation of the bottom, contributes to temperature and power stresses, the value of which increases with increasing temperature of their heating and increasing pressure, respectively. The values of temperature stresses are added to the power stresses caused by pressure, and when the critical value is reached, destruction occurs. In the article by the method of mathematical modeling using the laws of thermodynamics and mechanics of liquids and gases, analytical dependences for research of parameters of leakage of toxic substances and gases at action of high pressure from capacities at their storage are received. Saint-Venant’s principle was used to model the gas flow rate process. The dependence of the duration of gas leakage from special purpose tanks at the change of the area of the emergency hole and the pressure drop is obtained. The obtained results allow determining the velocity and mass flow rate of the gas depending on the area of the hole, the time flow, and the difference of pressure. Therefore, the task of research the emergency situations of engineering cylindrical tanks under the influence of temperature and pressure, which leads to the spillage of toxic substances and gassiness is actual. The researches results are presented graphically.

Nonempirical Apparent Permeability of Shale

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (03) ◽  
pp. 414-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.. Singh ◽  
F.. Javadpour ◽  
A.. Ettehadtavakkol ◽  
H.. Darabi
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Pore Geometry ◽  
Apparent Permeability ◽  
Knudsen Flow ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Shale Reservoirs

Summary Physics of fluid flow in shale reservoirs cannot be predicted from standard flow or mass-transfer models because of the presence of nanopores, ranging in size from one to hundreds of nanometers, in shales. Conventional continuum-flow equations, such as Darcy's law, greatly underestimate the fluid-flow rate when applied to nanopore-bearing shale reservoirs. As a result of the existence of nanopores in shales, the molecular mean free path becomes comparable with the characteristic geometric scale, and we hypothesize that under this condition, Knudsen diffusion, in addition to correction for the slip boundary condition, becomes the dominant mechanism. Recently, a few models have been developed that use various empirical parameters to account for these modifications (Javadpour 2009; Civan 2010; Darabi et al. 2012). This paper aims to provide a different approach to modeling apparent permeability in shale reservoirs. The proposed model is analytical, free of any empirical coefficients, and has been derived without invoking the assumption of slip flow at the pore wall. Our model of apparent permeability represented by a single analytical equation, depends only on pore size, pore geometry, temperature, gas properties, and average reservoir pressure. The proposed model is valid for Knudsen numbers less than unity and it stands up under the complete operating conditions of a shale reservoir. Our model reasonably predicts results as reported by other models. Finally, the model shows that pore-surface roughness and mineralogy have a negligible influence on gas-flow rate, whereas pore geometry and pore size play a significant role in the proportion of diffusion in total flow rate. Our study shows that a combination of Darcy flow and Knudsen flow—ignoring the Klinkenberg effect—can describe gas flow for a range of Knudsen flow applicable to a shale-gas system.

SCIENTIFIC AND ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES OF EFFICIENT FUEL USE AND ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY GAS COMBUSTION IN STOVE PLATES. PART 1. MODERN STATE-OF-THE-ART AND DIRECTIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT THE GAS BURNING IN DOMESTIC GAS COOKERS

2017 ◽  
pp. 3-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.S. Soroka ◽  
V.V. Horupa
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Orifice Diameter ◽  
Firing Process ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Combustion ◽  
Gas Stoves

Natural gas NG consumption in industry and energy of Ukraine, in recent years falls down as a result of the crisis in the country’s economy, to a certain extent due to the introduction of renewable energy sources along with alternative technologies, while in the utility sector the consumption of fuel gas flow rate enhancing because of an increase the number of consumers. The natural gas is mostly using by domestic purpose for heating of premises and for cooking. These items of the gas utilization in Ukraine are already exceeding the NG consumption in industry. Cooking is proceeding directly in the living quarters, those usually do not meet the requirements of the Ukrainian norms DBN for the ventilation procedures. NG use in household gas stoves is of great importance from the standpoint of controlling the emissions of harmful components of combustion products along with maintenance the satisfactory energy efficiency characteristics of NG using. The main environment pollutants when burning the natural gas in gas stoves are including the nitrogen oxides NOx (to a greater extent — highly toxic NO2 component), carbon oxide CO, formaldehyde CH2O as well as hydrocarbons (unburned UHC and polyaromatic PAH). An overview of environmental documents to control CO and NOx emissions in comparison with the proper norms by USA, EU, Russian Federation, Australia and China, has been completed. The modern designs of the burners for gas stoves are considered along with defining the main characteristics: heat power, the natural gas flow rate, diameter of gas orifice, diameter and spacing the firing openings and other parameters. The modern physical and chemical principles of gas combustion by means of atmospheric ejection burners of gas cookers have been analyzed from the standpoints of combustion process stabilization and of ensuring the stability of flares. Among the factors of the firing process destabilization within the framework of analysis above mentioned, the following forms of unstable combustion/flame unstabilities have been considered: flashback, blow out or flame lifting, and the appearance of flame yellow tips. Bibl. 37, Fig. 11, Tab. 7.

On the Influence of Fluctuating Flow Rate Upon the Performance and Behaviour of Isothermal Reacting Systems

1998 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 881-898
Author(s):  
Otakar Trnka ◽  
Miloslav Hartman
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Fluidized Bed Reactor ◽  
Computational Techniques ◽  
Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Solid Reaction ◽  
Continuous Stirred Tank ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Reacting Systems

Three simple computational techniques are proposed and employed to demonstrate the effect of fluctuating flow rate of feed on the behaviour and performance of an isothermal, continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR). A fluidized bed reactor (FBR), in which a non-catalytic gas-solid reaction occurs, is also considered. The influence of amplitude and frequency of gas flow rate fluctuations on reactant concentrations at the exit of the CSTR is shown in four different situations.

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