scholarly journals Introduction—Corona A(e)ffects

Lateral ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mattia Fumanti ◽  
Elena Zambelli
Keyword(s):  
International Institutions ◽  
Structural Violence ◽  
Historical Legacy ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
National Governments ◽  
Single Focus ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
As If

Right from the emergence of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, national governments and international institutions have been relentlessly qualifying it as an “unprecedented” event. We have been told that the virus sees no color or class and that equal sacrifices from each one of us are and continue to be necessary to contain its spread. We have been instructed to look at the virus in scientific, neutral terms as if we had equal chances of being affected by it—as if its routes, that is, did not follow the roots of sedimented histories of oppression, exploitation, dispossession, and structural violence. This forum departs from such narratives to look at how the current COVID-19 pandemic intersects with other pre-existing and enduring pandemics, such as those produced by racism, capitalism, and speciesism. In building on the emerging critiques by Indigenous, feminist, Black, and queer academics, movements, and activists, the contributions it hosts offer multimedia reflections on affects triggered or evoked by the current pandemic, such as rage, fear, despair, restraint, care, and hope. Coming from different parts of the globe and disciplinary approaches, authors convey the “Corona(virus) a(e)ffects” in multisensorial ways, combining written essays, poetry, videos, and photographs. By contextualizing the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic within a historical legacy of structural violence within and across species, this forum moves beyond deceitfully single-focus and temporally flat narrations. In so doing, it provides a space for the expression of radical affectivities of dissent and hope that its outburst has arguably made only more visible and pressing.

scholarly journals Research on the Neurobiology of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 245 ◽  
pp. 03045
Author(s):  
Yilun Tong
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Neurologic Manifestations ◽  
Neurological Manifestations ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
The World ◽  
Human Nervous System ◽  
Different Parts

More studies have shown the neurological manifestations of the novel corona virus (COVID-19) and have inferred the molecular mechanism by which it invades the nervous system. The neurological aspect of the COVID-19 pandemic has been differently interpreted and dealt with in different parts of the world. To review the neurological manifestations and the neurovirulent mechanism by which CoV attacks the human nervous system and to examine different perspectives on this very same topic, the research on PubMed and ScienceDirect is conducted. The mechanisms that CoV enter and attack the nervous system and the subsequent neurologic manifestations have been proposed and now seems quite clear. However, more studies have to be done directly on the effect of COVID-19 on the CNS as well as the PNS.

Advanced Introduction to Global Administrative Law

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabino Cassese ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Institutions ◽  
Administrative Law ◽  
National Governments ◽  
Global Law ◽  
Civil Societies

Sabino Cassese presents an incisive introduction to the essential principles of global law, exploring the central theories of globalization through an analysis of the main developments in this area. The Advanced Introduction concludes that despite the ongoing dialectic between national governments and international institutions, globalization and states are progressing in parallel, while civil societies are increasingly involved in the machinery of globalization.

Holding Intergovernmental Institutions to Account

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngaire Woods
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
International Institutions ◽  
Political Accountability ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Internal Accountability ◽  
The Right ◽  
National Governments ◽  
Political Decisions

How can governments and peoples better hold to account international economic institutions, such as the WTO, the World Bank, and the IMF? This article proposes an approach based on public accountability, advocating improvements in four areas: constitutional, political, financial, and internal accountability.The argument for more accountability is made with two caveats: more accountability is not always good–it can be distorting and costly; and, enhancing the accountability of international institutions should not justify increasing their jurisdiction for the sake of reducing the role of national governments. Constitutional accountability poses limits on how the institutions expand their activities, requiring the active consent of all members and particularly those most affected by their activities. Political accountability requires that those who make decisions in the organizations are directly answerable to all member governments and not just to the most powerful ones. The institutions' uneven record and structure of financial accountability is addressed through a model of mutual restraint. Finally, the internal accountability should ensure that technical decisions are distinguishable from political decisions. A better matching of the right kinds of accountability to the activities of the organizations would improve both their effectiveness and legitimacy.

Culpability, Social Triage, and Structural Violence in the Aftermath of Katrina

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 675-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Paul Simmons ◽  
Monica J. Casper
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
Hurricane Katrina ◽  
New Orleans ◽  
Structural Violence ◽  
Social Disparities ◽  
Power Analyses ◽  
As If

Hurricane Katrina and its effects are often talked about in terms of what has been made visible, as if the hurricane swept through and stripped away our structural blinders along with the levees, revealing social disparities within. Here, we focus instead on whom and what Katrina and its aftermath have rendered invisible. We are concerned with how the seen and the not seen have influenced the ways the purported tabula rasa of New Orleans has been (re)constructed and marked since 2005. We engage with recent debates in political science about power, agency, structure, and culpability, arguing that efforts to prioritize the pursuit of culpability over critique in power analyses, such as the approach advocated by Steven Lukes, risk perpetuating structural violence. We employ the concepts of an ocular ethic and social triage to understand why the storm of the century that was supposed to reveal all has in the end left much concealed, with shocking levels of human devastation unaddressed. Only through careful excavation of the ruins can we begin to comprehend the sedimented inequality and layers of vulnerability that structure violence.

scholarly journals Laboratory testing for COVID-19 in suspected human cases and the impact of corona virus pandemic on the global health system

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 498-504
Author(s):  
Debashis Mania ◽  
T.K. Mandal ◽  
A.K. Bera ◽  
Brig. Rajiv Sethi
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Indian Health ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Organ Invasion ◽  
Different Parts

COVID-19, coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection has become pandemic after first appearing in Wuhan, China in December 2019. It destroyed the life of millions of people throughout the different parts of Europe, America, Asia and others in the world. Various groups of scientists throughout the globe have claimed on trialing for the corona vaccine and for finding out suitable medication for the treatment of COVID-19. No vaccine or medicines are successfully reported to short out the issue for saving the valuable life of human beings, till date. The mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 infection and organ invasion are not understood and it creates difficulty in clinical diagnosis and treatment of corona patients. The pathogenic mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 infection is not very much clear and it may invade multiple organ systems of respiratory, digestive and hematological in a confirmed case. The impact of corona virus outbreak on the global and Indian health systems is also reviewed herewith.

scholarly journals Vouchers as a Result of Corona Virus and the Risks for Tour Operators and Consumers

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-66
Author(s):  
Zuzana Kvítková ◽  
Zdenka Petru
Keyword(s):  
Cash Flow ◽  
The Real ◽  
Future Cash Flow ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Open Question ◽  
National Governments ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Depth Interviews

The coronavirus is a phenomenon in the last months. The impact on the economy, especially on tourism is devastating. The national governments put into practice several supportive measures to avert the collapse. A specific tool was introduced for tour operators – the issue of vouchers instead of money refund. The aim of this paper is to identify and analyse risks of this measure offered by the Czech government. The identification is based on a combination of sources and methods. The methodologies used are open-question questionnaire and in-depth interviews. From the preliminary results, it is anticipated that the real risks connected with the vouchers are insurance validity, vouchers´ validity and tour operators´ future cash flow.

scholarly journals Introduction Environmentally Induced Displacement and Forced Migration

Refuge ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Bose ◽  
Elizabeth Lunstrum
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
International Institutions ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Social Lives ◽  
Environmental Refugees ◽  
Iconic Images ◽  
National Governments ◽  
Global And Local

Disappearing coastlines, fields and homes flooded by rising waters, lands left cracked and barren by desertification, a snowpack shrinking in circumpolar regions year by year—these are only a few of the iconic images of climate change that have evoked discussion, debate, and consternation within communities both global and local. Equally alarming has been the threat of what such degraded and destroyed landscapes might mean for those who depend upon them for their livelihoods—as their homes, as their means of sustenance, and as an integral part of their cultural and social lives. A mass of humanity on the move—some suggest 50 million, 150 million, perhaps even a billion people1—the spectre of those forced to flee not as the result of war or conflict but rather a changed environment haunts the imaginaries of national governments, international institutions, and public discourse alike. Are these environmental refugees? Should they be granted the same protections and support as those who can prove their fear of and flight from persecution? Do the sheer numbers contemplated by the scale of the events and factors threaten to overwhelm the international refugee system?

scholarly journals An integrated study of the electrical parameters of the samples of magnetite ores in relation to their genesis and mineral composition (on the example of the Goroblagodatskoe skarn-magnetite deposit)

2019 ◽  
pp. 77-84
Author(s):  
V. V. Bakhterev
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Dielectric Losses ◽  
Electrical Parameters ◽  
Magnetite Ore ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Magnetite Content ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Syenite Porphyry ◽  
As If

The temperature dependences of electrical resistance (at DC and AC voltage at 1 kHz frequency) of the samples of the magnetite ore and magnetite from the contact of the syenite-porphyry with the volcanic-sedimentary rocks from the Goroblagodatskoye iron-ore deposit in the temperature range 20—800 °C have been studied. The frequency dependences of the active electrical resistance and dielectric losses in the range 0,01—100 kHz have been obtained at 20 °C. For the magnetite ore and magnetite from the syenite-porphyry contact with volcanogenic sedimentary rocks in the studied temperature and frequency ranges, the relationship between electrical resistance (lgR) and dielectric losses (lgtgδ) has been revealed. The character of the relations is different, that allows to separate uniquely the magnetite ore and magnetite. The parameters of high-temperature conductivity (activation energy Eoand electrical resistance coefficient lgRo)nave been obtained. The parameters of the studied samples of pyroxene-orthoclase-magnetite, garnet-magnetite, epidote-chlorite-magnetite ores form a straight line, as if forming its different parts. The correlation between the parameters of E0and lgRo, samples of these ores has the following form: lgRo, — 2,2—6,6 Eo. The parameters of magnetite samples from the contact of syenite porphyry with volcanogenic-sedimentary rocks also form a straight line, as if forming its different parts, with the correlation form as following: lgRo— 2,1—6,6 E0. It has been found that with the increasing distance to the syenite intrusion, the electrical parameters of magnetite ore change: EQ increases, lgRo, decreases. For magnetite from the contact of the syenite-porphyry and volcanic-sedimentary rocks there is another picture — the further you are from the syenite-porphyries, the smaller E0is, and the bigger the lgRo, is. The T0temperatures, at which the electrical resistance at the constant voltage becomes equal to the active resistance at the alternating voltage for the samples of garnet-magnetite ore with the different magnetite content, P,%, have been revealed. The correlation between the T0 parameter and the magnetite content in the ore, P(Fe304, %) = 323,4 — 47,4 ln( T0), R2= = 0,93, has been established.

Globalization and global governance: from societal to political denationalization

2003 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL ZÜRN
Keyword(s):  
Global Governance ◽  
International Institutions ◽  
The Political ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Effective Governance ◽  
Nation States ◽  
National Governments ◽  
Spatial Congruence ◽  
National Borders

The declining significance of national borders constitutes a challenge to the capacity of the nation-state to reach unilaterally its governance targets. Effective governance depends upon the spatial congruence of political regulations with socially integrated areas and the absence of significant externalities. As societal interconnectedness across borders increases with globalization, national governments are increasingly confronted with four specific challenges: efficiency pressures, externality and competitiveness problems, and representational deficits. The political responses to these challenges vary significantly. Although globalization is thus neither identical with, nor does it necessarily lead to, the rise of international institutions and governance beyond the nation-state, this article will show to what extent societal denationalization is accompanied by the rise of international institutions and how the myriad of international institutions existing today interact to produce global governance. Globalization also questions a cornerstone of any modern understanding of politics, which considers nation-states as the basis of all politics. As governance beyond the nation-state increases in significance, the separation of political issues into nationally defined territorial units must be conceptualized as a variable rather than a conceptual premise.

International cooperation in the Northern Forum: emerging new norms in international law?

Polar Record ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 372-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Waliul Hasanat
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
National Governments ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Innovative Concept

ABSTRACTThe Northern Forum has been in existence for more than two decades. The cooperative initiatives implement through the forum allow sub-national governments from different parts of the world to improve the quality of life of northern inhabitants and to support their sustainable development. Over time, the forum has established a clear structure with self-created rules and guidelines. However, its legal status is somewhat ambiguous: it has neither fulfilled the essential criteria of an international organisation nor that of an intergovernmental cooperative body. Nevertheless, these shortcomings are not immense obstacles to the forum's ability to serve the well being of residents of the northern regions. The forum has granted membership to business organisations, as well as to sub-national governments, which is an innovative concept in international cooperation. This article examines the evolution, administrative system, and legal status of the forum along with its contribution to the development of international law. The article concludes with observations on how this unique international regional co-operation forum could be characterised under international law and whether it has any influence in creating new norms in international administrative and environmental law.

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