scholarly journals The Endocrine Basis for Reproductive Life-history Trade-offs during the Previtellogenic Resting Stage in the Yellow Fever Mosquito, Aedes aegypti

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark E clifton
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Yellow Fever Mosquito ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Reproductive Life ◽  
Endocrine Basis ◽  
Reproductive Life History

scholarly journals Epigenetic Control of Temperature-Dependent Female Reproductive Life History Trade-Offs in Seed Beetles, Callosobruchus maculatus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth Anne McCaw ◽  
Aoife M Leonard ◽  
Tyler J Stevenson ◽  
Lesley T Lancaster
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Life History ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Global Environmental Change ◽  
The Body ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Reproductive Life ◽  
Seed Beetles ◽  
Reproductive Life History

Many species are threatened by climate change and must rapidly respond to survive changing environments. Epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, can facilitate plastic responses by regulating gene expression in response to environmental cues. Understanding epigenetic responses is therefore essential for predicting species’ ability to rapidly adapt in the context of global environmental change. Here, we investigated the functional significance of DNA methylation on temperature-dependent life history in seed beetles, Callosobruchus maculatus. We assessed changes in DNA methyltransferase (Dnmt1 and Dnmt2) expression levels under ambient conditions and thermal stress, and reproductive performance following artificially-induced epimutation via 3-aminobenzamide (3AB) and Zebularine (Zeb), at a range of ambient and warmer temperatures over two generations. We found that Dnmt1 and Dnmt2 were greatly expressed in females, throughout the body, and exhibited temperature-dependence; in contrast, Dnmt expression was minimal in males. Epimutation led to shifts in female reproductive life history trade-off allocation, and differentially altered thermal optima of fecundity and offspring viability. This study revealed the optimal allocation strategy among these fitness components is temperature-dependent, and trade-offs become increasingly difficult to resolve epigenetically under more extreme warming. Results suggest that epigenetic mechanisms are strongly implicated in, and perhaps limiting of, invertebrate life history responses to temperature change. Further investigation will reveal targeted DNA methylation patterns and specific loci associated with temperature-dependent life history trade-offs in seed beetles and other invertebrates.

scholarly journals Nutritional Quality during Development Alters Insulin-Like Peptides Expression and Physiology of the Adult Yellow Fever Mosquito, Aedes aegypti

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rana Pooriirouby ◽  
Arvind Sharma ◽  
Joshua Beard ◽  
Jeremiah Reyes ◽  
Andrew Nuss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Insulin Signaling ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
High Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Yellow Fever Mosquito ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Transcript Levels ◽  
High Carbohydrate

Mosquitoes have distinct developmental and adult life history, and the vectorial capacity of females has been shown to be affected by the larval nutritional environment. However, little is known about the effect of developmental nutrition on insulin-signaling and nutrients storage. In this study, we used Aedes aegypti, the yellow fever mosquito, to determine whether larval nutrition affects insulin gene expression. We also determined the traits regulated by insulin signaling, such as stored-nutrients levels and fecundity. We raised mosquito larvae on two different diets, containing either high protein or high carbohydrates. Development on a high-carbohydrate diet resulted in several life-history phenotypes indicative of suboptimal conditions, including increased developmental time and decreased fecundity. Additionally, our data showed that insulin transcript levels are affected by a high-carbohydrate diet during development. Females, not males, reared on high-carbohydrate diets had much higher transcript levels of insulin-like peptide 3 (ILP3), a mosquito equivalent of human insulin, and these females more readily stored sugar from the meal into lipids. We also found that AaILP4, not AaILP3, transcript levels were much higher in the males after a sugar meal, suggesting sex-specific differences in insulin-signaling pathway. Our findings suggest a conserved mechanism of carbohydrate-mediated hyperinsulinemia in animals.

scholarly journals Differential Effects of Larval and Adult Nutrition on Survival, Fecundity, and Size of the Yellow Fever Mosquito Aedes Aegypti

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiayue Yan ◽  
Roumaissa Kibech ◽  
Chris M. Stone
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Yellow Fever Mosquito ◽  
Larval Food ◽  
Adult Food

Abstract Background: The yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, is the principal vector of multiple infectious pathogens that can cause severe illness such as dengue fever, yellow fever and Zika. Their transmission potential for these arboviruses is largely shaped by their life history traits, such as their survival and fecundity. These life history traits depend on environmental conditions, such as larval and adult nutrition (e.g., nectar availability). Both these types of nutrition are known to affect the energetic reserves and life history traits of adults, but whether and how nutrition obtained during different stages have an interactive influence on mosquito life history traits remains largely unknown. Results: Here, we experimentally manipulated both larval and adult diets to create four nutritional levels, that is, a high amount of larval food plus poor (weak concentration of sucrose) adult food: HL+PA, high larval plus good (normal sucrose concentration) adult food: HL+GA, low larval plus poor adult food: LL+PA and low larval plus good adult food: LL+GA. We then compared the size, survival and fecundity of mosquitoes reared from these nutritional regimes. We found that larval and adult nutrition affected mosquito size and survival, respectively, without interactions, while both larval and adult nutrition synergistically influenced mosquito fecundity. There was a positive relationship between mosquito size and fecundity. In addition, this positive relationship was not affected by nutrition. Conclusions: These findings highlight how larval and adult nutrition differentially influence mosquito life history traits, suggesting that studies evaluating nutritional effects on vectorial capacity traits should account for environmental variation across life stages.

scholarly journals Differential Effects of Larval and Adult Nutrition on Survival, Fecundity, and Size of the Yellow Fever Mosquito Aedes Aegypti

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiayue Yan ◽  
Roumaissa Kibech ◽  
Chris M. Stone
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Yellow Fever Mosquito ◽  
Larval Food ◽  
Adult Food

Abstract Background: The yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, is the principal vector of multiple infectious pathogens that can cause severe illness such as dengue fever, yellow fever and Zika. Their transmission potential for these arboviruses is largely shaped by their life history traits, such as their survival and fecundity. These life history traits depend on environmental conditions, such as larval and adult nutrition (e.g., nectar availability). Both these types of nutrition are known to affect the energetic reserves and life history traits of adults, but whether and how nutrition obtained during different stages have an interactive influence on mosquito life history traits remains largely unknown. Methods: Here, we experimentally manipulated both larval and adult diets to create four nutritional levels, that is, a high amount of larval food plus poor (weak concentration of sucrose) adult food: HL+PA, high larval plus good (normal sucrose concentration) adult food: HL+GA, low larval plus poor adult food: LL+PA and low larval plus good adult food: LL+GA. We then compared the size, survival and fecundity of mosquitoes reared from these nutritional regimes. Results: We found that larval and adult nutrition affected mosquito size and survival, respectively, without interactions, while both larval and adult nutrition synergistically influenced mosquito fecundity. There was a positive relationship between mosquito size and fecundity. In addition, this positive relationship was not affected by nutrition. Conclusions: These findings highlight how larval and adult nutrition differentially influence mosquito life history traits, suggesting that studies evaluating nutritional effects on vectorial capacity traits should account for environmental variation across life stages.

scholarly journals Differential effects of larval and adult nutrition on female survival, fecundity, and size of the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiayue Yan ◽  
Roumaissa Kibech ◽  
Chris M. Stone
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Yellow Fever Mosquito ◽  
Larval Food ◽  
Transmission Potential ◽  
Female Survival

Abstract Background The yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, is the principal vector of medically-important infectious viruses that cause severe illness such as dengue fever, yellow fever and Zika. The transmission potential of mosquitoes for these arboviruses is largely shaped by their life history traits, such as size, survival and fecundity. These life history traits, to some degree, depend on environmental conditions, such as larval and adult nutrition (e.g., nectar availability). Both these types of nutrition are known to affect the energetic reserves and life history traits of adults, but whether and how nutrition obtained during larval and adult stages have an interactive influence on mosquito life history traits remains largely unknown. Results Here, we experimentally manipulated mosquito diets to create two nutritional levels at larval and adult stages, that is, a high or low amount of larval food (HL or LL) during larval stage, and a good and poor adult food (GA or PA, represents normal or weak concentration of sucrose) during adult stage. We then compared the size, survival and fecundity of female mosquitoes reared from these nutritional regimes. We found that larval and adult nutrition affected size and survival, respectively, without interactions, while both larval and adult nutrition influenced fecundity. There was a positive relationship between fecundity and size. In addition, this positive relationship was not affected by nutrition. Conclusions These findings highlight how larval and adult nutrition differentially influence female mosquito life history traits, suggesting that studies evaluating nutritional effects on vectorial capacity traits should account for environmental variation across life stages.

Introduction

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony D. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Life History Stages ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Reproductive Life ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
Reproductive Life History

This introductory chapter provides an overview of the book's main themes. This book is primarily about physiological mechanisms, but it also addresses the specific question of what we know about the physiological, metabolic, energetic, and hormonal mechanisms that regulate, and potentially determine, individual, or phenotypic, variation in key reproductive life-history traits, trade-offs between these traits, and trade-offs and carry-over effects between different life-history stages. Initially, it focuses on the avian reproductive cycle (from seasonal gonadal development, through egg-laying and incubation, to chick-rearing), and then it expands this view to consider reproduction in the broader context of the annual cycle and over an individual's entire lifetime. Throughout the book develops two major themes: that we need to consider reproductive physiology and ecology from a female perspective and that we need to consider the causes and consequences of individual (phenotypic) variation in reproductive life-history traits.

scholarly journals Differential effects of larval and adult nutrition on female survival, fecundity, and size of the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiayue Yan ◽  
Roumaissa Kibech ◽  
Chris M. Stone
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Yellow Fever Mosquito ◽  
Larval Food ◽  
Transmission Potential ◽  
Female Survival

Abstract Background: The yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, is the principal vector of medically-important infectious viruses that cause severe illness such as dengue fever, yellow fever and Zika. The transmission potential of mosquitoes for these arboviruses is largely shaped by their life history traits, such as size, survival and fecundity. These life history traits, to some degree, depend on environmental conditions, such as larval and adult nutrition (e.g., nectar availability). Both these types of nutrition are known to affect the energetic reserves and life history traits of adults, but whether and how nutrition obtained during larval and adult stages have an interactive influence on mosquito life history traits remains largely unknown. Results: Here, we experimentally manipulated mosquito diets to create two nutritional levels at larval and adult stages , that is, a high or low amount of larval food (HL or LL) during larval stage, and a good and poor adult food (GA or PA, represents normal or weak concentration of sucrose) during adult stage. We then compared the size, survival and fecundity of female mosquitoes reared from these nutritional regimes. We found that larval and adult nutrition affected size and survival, respectively, without interactions, while both larval and adult nutrition influenced fecundity. There was a positive relationship between fecundity and size. In addition, this positive relationship was not affected by nutrition. Conclusions: These findings highlight how larval and adult nutrition differentially influence female mosquito life history traits, suggesting that studies evaluating nutritional effects on vectorial capacity traits should account for environmental variation across life stages.

scholarly journals Differential effects of larval and adult nutrition on female survival, fecundity, and size of the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiayue Yan ◽  
Roumaissa Kibech ◽  
Chris M. Stone
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Yellow Fever Mosquito ◽  
Larval Food ◽  
Adult Food

Abstract Background: The yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, is the principal vector of medically-important infectious viruses that cause severe illness such as dengue fever, yellow fever and Zika. The transmission potential of mosquitoes for these arboviruses is largely shaped by their life history traits, such as size, survival and fecundity. These life history traits, to some degree, depend on environmental conditions, such as larval and adult nutrition (e.g., nectar availability). Both these types of nutrition are known to affect the energetic reserves and life history traits of adults, but whether and how nutrition obtained during larval and adult stages have an interactive influence on mosquito life history traits remains largely unknown. Results: Here, we experimentally manipulated both larval and adult diets to create four nutritional levels, that is, a high amount of larval food plus poor (weak concentration of sucrose) adult food: HL+PA, high larval plus good (normal sucrose concentration) adult food: HL+GA, low larval plus poor adult food: LL+PA and low larval plus good adult food: LL+GA. We then compared the size, survival and fecundity of female mosquitoes reared from these nutritional regimes. We found that larval and adult nutrition affected size and survival, respectively, without interactions, while both larval and adult nutrition synergistically influenced fecundity. There was a positive relationship between size and fecundity. In addition, this positive relationship was not affected by nutrition. Conclusions: These findings highlight how larval and adult nutrition differentially influence female mosquito life history traits, suggesting that studies evaluating nutritional effects on vectorial capacity traits should account for environmental variation across life stages.

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