scholarly journals Theoretical Aspects of Cartelization in Central Europe - An Introduction to Cartel Theory

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukáš NIKODYM
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Cartel Theory

Book review

2002 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-514
Author(s):  
András Simonovits ◽  
Ádám Török ◽  
Beatrix Lányi
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Knowledge Economy ◽  
International Competitiveness ◽  
Regional Studies ◽  
Academic Press ◽  
Eu Membership ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Edward Elgar

T. Boeri - A. Börsch-Supan - A. Brugviani - R. A. Kapteyn - F. Peracchi (eds): Pensions: More Information, Less Ideology(Boston/Dordrecht/London: Kluwer Academic Press, 2001, 196 pp.) B. Å. Lundvall - G. Esping-Andersen - L. Soete - M. Castells - M. Telò - M. Tomlinson - R. Boyer - R. M. Lindley (ed.: M. J. Rodrigues): The New Knowledge Economy in Europe. A Strategy for International Competitiveness and Cohesion (Cheltenham, UK, Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar, 2002, 337 pp.) G. Gorzelak - É. Ehrlich - L. Faltan - M. Illner: Central Europe in Transition: Toward EU Membership (Warsaw: Regional Studies Association, 2001, 371 pp.)

Clinical significance and the first identification of human parechoviruses in Hungary

2011 ◽  
Vol 152 (25) ◽  
pp. 1007-1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gábor Reuter ◽  
Mária Új ◽  
Péter Pankovics ◽  
Tímea Kolozsi ◽  
Ilona Mihály ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Diagnostic Laboratory ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Archived Samples ◽  
Clinical Syndromes ◽  
Old Adult ◽  
Cytopathogenic Effect

Human parechoviruses (HPeV) belonging to the family Picornaviridae are widespread enteric pathogens and are associated with various clinical syndromes in human. At present, 16 HPeV genotypes (HPeV1–16) are known. There is no report on the detection of HPeVs in Central Europe. Aims: The aim of the retrospective study was to detect and characterize HPeVs using molecular methods in cell cultures with “enterovirus-like” cytophatic effect (CPE) archived between 1990 and 2004, in two virology laboratories, in Hungary. Materials and methods: In Laboratory I, fecal samples from children with symptoms of gastroenteritis under the age of 10 years were cultured as a previous routine diagnostic laboratory protocol for “enterovirus”. Cell cultures indicating CPE were archived between 1990 and 2000. In Laboratory II, 2 fecal samples, a liquor and a nasopharyngeal aspirate were re-tested which contained an “enterovirus-like” virus in cell cultures and were positive by HPeV1 neutralization immunosera between 2000 and 2004. Specimens were tested retrospectively for HPeV by reverse transcription–PCR (RT-PCR) method using 5’UTR conserved primers. Specific primers were designed to determine the HPeV structural region (VP0-VP3-VP1). Results: 9 of the 66 archived samples (9.1%) from Laboratory I and all the 4 samples from Laboratory II were found to be HPeV-positive. 10 samples were identified as HPeV1, 2 were HPeV4 and 1 could not be determined. 3 HPeV1 clusters were identified in Laboratory I according to the isolation date originated from years 1990/1991, 1992/1995 and 1998. HPeV1 was detected in clinical syndromes: gastroenteritis (in a 24-years-old adult), recurrent stomatitis aphtosa (in a 42-years-old adult), encephalitis and ataxia cerebellaris acuta in infants and children in Laboratory II. Conclusions: This is the first detection of HPeVs in Central Europe. Detection and genetic characterization of HPeV in available historical samples infected with previously unidentifiable agents with “enterovirus-like” cytopathogenic effect may help to understand the clinical importance and spectrum of the infections and the genetic diversity and evolution of these viruses. Orv. Hetil., 2011, 152, 1007–1012.

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