Boundary-Layer Transition and Heat Transfer in Shock Tubes

1960 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 587-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. HARTUNIAN ◽  
A. L. RUSSO ◽  
P. V. MARRONE
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Boundary Layer Transition ◽  
Shock Tubes ◽  
Layer Transition

An Experimental Study of Heat Transfer on an Outlet Guide Vane

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenglong Wang ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Bengt Sundén ◽  
Valery Chernoray ◽  
Hans Abrahamsson
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Turbulent Boundary Layer ◽  
Guide Vane ◽  
Incidence Angle ◽  
Boundary Layer Transition ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Suction Surface ◽  
Layer Transition

In the present study, the heat transfer characteristics on the suction and pressure sides of an outlet guide vane (OGV) are investigated by using liquid crystal thermography (LCT) method in a linear cascade. Because the OGV has a complex curved surface, it is necessary to calibrate the LCT by taking into account the effect of viewing angles of the camera. Based on the calibration results, heat transfer measurements of the OGV were conducted. Both on- and off-design conditions were tested, where the incidence angles of the OGV were 25 degrees and −25 degrees, respectively. The Reynolds numbers, based on the axial flow velocity and the chord length, were 300,000 and 450,000. In addition, heat transfer on suction side of the OGV with +40 degrees incidence angle was measured. The results indicate that the Reynolds number and incidence angle have considerable influences upon the heat transfer on both pressure and suction surfaces. For on-design conditions, laminar-turbulent boundary layer transitions are on both sides, but no flow separation occurs; on the contrary, for off-design conditions, the position of laminar-turbulent boundary layer transition is significantly displaced downstream on the suction surface, and a separation occurs from the leading edge on the pressure surface. As expected, larger Reynolds number gives higher heat transfer coefficients on both sides of the OGV.

Effect of Surface Roughness on Conjugate Heat Transfer of a Turbine Vane

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyang Li ◽  
Yun Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Suction Side ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Considerable Effect ◽  
Boundary Layer Transition ◽  
Layer Transition ◽  
Turbine Vane ◽  
Effect Of Surface

For the purpose of researching the effect of surface roughness on boundary layer transition and heat transfer of turbine blade, a roughness modification approach for γ-Reθ transition model was proposed based on an in-house CFD code. Taking surface roughness effect into consideration, No. 5411 working condition of Mark II turbine vane was simulated and the results were analyzed in detail. Main conclusions are as follows: Surface roughness has little effect on heat transfer of laminar boundary layer, while has considerable effect on turbulent boundary layer. Compared with smooth surface, equivalent sand roughness of 100μm increases the temperature for about 28.4K on suction side, reaching an increase of 5%. Under low roughness degree, effect of shock wave dominants on boundary layer transition process on suction side, while above the critical degree, effect of surface roughness could abruptly change the transition point.

A Review of Surface Roughness Effects in Gas Turbines

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Bons
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Boundary Layer Transition ◽  
Roughness Effects ◽  
Layer Transition ◽  
Laminar Separation

The effects of surface roughness on gas turbine performance are reviewed based on publications in the open literature over the past 60 years. Empirical roughness correlations routinely employed for drag and heat transfer estimates are summarized and found wanting. No single correlation appears to capture all of the relevant physics for both engineered and service-related (e.g., wear or environmentally induced) roughness. Roughness influences engine performance by causing earlier boundary layer transition, increased boundary layer momentum loss (i.e., thickness), and/or flow separation. Roughness effects in the compressor and turbine are dependent on Reynolds number, roughness size, and to a lesser extent Mach number. At low Re, roughness can eliminate laminar separation bubbles (thus reducing loss) while at high Re (when the boundary layer is already turbulent), roughness can thicken the boundary layer to the point of separation (thus increasing loss). In the turbine, roughness has the added effect of augmenting convective heat transfer. While this is desirable in an internal turbine coolant channel, it is clearly undesirable on the external turbine surface. Recent advances in roughness modeling for computational fluid dynamics are also reviewed. The conclusion remains that considerable research is yet necessary to fully understand the role of roughness in gas turbines.

Free-Stream Turbulence and Pressure Gradient Effects on Heat Transfer and Boundary Layer Development on Highly Cooled Surfaces

1985 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Rued ◽  
S. Wittig
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Free Stream ◽  
Boundary Layer Transition ◽  
Pressure Gradients ◽  
Layer Transition ◽  
Free Stream Turbulence ◽  
Boundary Layer Development ◽  
Gradient Effects ◽  
Layer Development

Heat transfer and boundary layer measurements were derived from flows over a cooled flat plate with various free-stream turbulence intensities (Tu = 1.6–11 percent), favorable pressure gradients (k = νe/ue2•due/dx = 0÷6•10−6) and cooling intensities (Tw/Te = 1.0–0.53). Special interest is directed towards the effects of the dominant parameters, including the influence on laminar to turbulent boundary layer transition. It is shown, that free-stream turbulence and pressure gradients are of primary importance. The increase of heat transfer due to wall cooling can be explained primarily by property variations as transition, and the influence of free-stream parameters are not affected.

Importance of Boundary Layer Transition in a High-Pressure Turbine Cascade Using LES

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis M. Seguí ◽  
L. Y. M. Gicquel ◽  
F. Duchaine ◽  
J. de Laborderie
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Free Stream ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Great Difficulty ◽  
Boundary Layer Transition ◽  
Layer Transition ◽  
Free Stream Turbulence ◽  
Layer Flow

In the context of smooth surfaces where no industrial process modifies the flow and where no roughness affects the boundary layer flow, there are configurations today where the correct heat flux prediction is still unattained for certain operating points. This is the case of the LS89 configuration that has shown to be of great difficulty to accurately simulate the thermal fields for high Reynolds number flows even when performing wall-resolved Large Eddy Simulations (LES). The physics of the studied operating point (MUR235) are especially complex due to the interaction of a transitioning boundary layer, shock waves and free-stream turbulence injected at the inlet. In this paper, free-stream turbulent specifications are seen to be important towards the capture of the heat transfer profile on most regions of the blade. The boundary layer is found to be transitional when either artificially raising the level of turbulence at the inlet or by using a highly refined mesh that induces the generation of turbulent spots that increase the heat transfer. The important refinement done improves the heat flux predictions to the point it is approaching the experimental data.

Effect of Two-Scale Roughness on Boundary Layer Transition Over a Heated Flat Plate: Part 1—Surface Heat Transfer

1999 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark W. Pinson ◽  
Ting Wang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Step Change ◽  
Surface Heat ◽  
Boundary Layer Transition ◽  
Test Surface ◽  
Layer Transition ◽  
Surface Heat Transfer ◽  
Scale Roughness

An experimental study was conducted to investigate surface heat transfer and boundary layer development associated with flow over a flat test surface covered with two roughness scales. Two-scale roughness was used because in-service aeroengines commonly display larger roughness concentrated at the leading edge with smaller roughness distributed downstream. The first scale, covering up to the first 5 cm of the test surface, was in the form of a sandpaper strip, an aluminum strip, or a cylinder. The second roughness scale covered the remainder of the test surface (2 m) in the form of sandpaper or a smooth surface. In Part 1, the surface heat transfer results are examined. Even though the roughness scales were hydraulically smooth, they induced significantly earlier transition onset, with the two-dimensional roughness causing earlier transition than three-dimensional roughness. All of the rough/smooth cases unexpectedly triggered earlier transition than rough/rough cases. This indicated that the scale of the step-change at the joint between two roughness scales was predominant over the downstream roughness on inducing early transition. Reducing the overall height of the step change was shown to have a greater effect on transition than the specific geometry of the roughness scale. [S0889-504X(00)00701-7]

Numerical Simulation of Turbulent Impingement Cooling

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Abdon ◽  
Bengt Sundén
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Turbulence Models ◽  
Local Heat Transfer ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Local Heat ◽  
Boundary Layer Transition ◽  
Wall Jet ◽  
Layer Transition ◽  
Stagnation Region

Simulations of turbulent impinging jet heat transfer for different nozzle configurations using Reynolds averaged governing equations and two-equation turbulence models have been conducted. The considered nozzle configurations are a square-edged orifice and a pipe exit. The results for a jet Reynolds number of 10000 and dimensionless nozzle-to-plate distance of 2 show that the heat transfer is well predicted for the pipe configuration but underpredicted for the orifice. The disagreement may be partly explained by underprediction of turbulence in the stagnation region and inaccurate treatment of the wall jet boundary layer transition. An investigation of the local heat transfer distribution for the orifice reveals two local maxima. These are related to an accelerating laminar boundary layer and the transition process of the wall jet, respectively, for the calculations. The application of a realizability constraint on the models leads to reduced turbulence levels, not only in the stagnation region, but also in the throttled flow of the orifice configuration. This improves the prediction of heat transfer and nozzle exit turbulence levels significantly.

Roughness, bluntness, and angle-of-attack effects on hypersonic boundary-layer transition

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. T. Nagamatsu ◽  
B. C. Graber ◽  
R. E. Sheer
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Mach Number ◽  
Angle Of Attack ◽  
Boundary Layer Transition ◽  
Layer Transition ◽  
Number Range ◽  
Transfer Data

An investigation was conducted in a hypersonic shock tunnel to study the laminar boundary-layer transition on a highly cooled 10° cone of 4 ft. length over the Mach-number range of 8·5 to 10·5 with a stagnation temperature of 1400 °K. The effects on transition of tip surface roughness, tip bluntness, and ± 2° angle of attack were investigated. With fast-response, thin film surface heat-transfer gauges, it was possible to detect the passage of turbulent bursts which appeared at the beginning of transition. Pitot-tube surveys and schlieren photographs of the boundary layer were obtained to verify the interpretation of the heat-transfer data. It was found that the surface roughness greatly promoted transition in the proper Reynolds-number range. The Reynolds numbers for the beginning and end of transition at the 8·5 Mach-number location were 3·8 × 106−9·6 × 106and 2·2 × 106−4·2 × 106for the smooth sharp tip and rough sharp tip respectively. The local skin-friction data, determined from the Pitot-tube survey, agreed with the heat-transfer data obtained through the modified Reynolds analogy. The tip-bluntness data showed a strong delay in the beginning of transition for a cone base-to-tip diameter ratio of 20, approximately a 35% increase in Reynolds number over that of the smooth sharp-tip case. The angle-of-attack data indicated the cross flow to have a strong influence on transition by promoting it on the sheltered side of the cone and delaying it on the windward side.

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