Estimate of Chemical Space Heating Rates in Gas-Phase Combustion With Application to Rocket Propellants

ARS Journal ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID A. BITTKER ◽  
RICHARD S. BROKAW
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Chemical Space ◽  
Space Heating ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Rocket Propellants

scholarly journals Analysis of Thermal Decomposition of Solid Rocket Propellants

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin CEGŁA ◽  
Janusz ZMYWACZYK ◽  
Piotr KONIORCZYK
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Energetic Materials ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Simultaneous Thermal Analysis ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Rocket Propellants ◽  
Solid Rocket ◽  
Solid Rocket Propellants

The paper presents results of thermal decomposition analysis of selected solid rocket propellants. Homogeneous propellant PAC and heterogeneous propellant H2 were subjected to simultaneous thermal analysis with the use of NETZSCH STA 2500 Regulus device with five heating rates of 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 and 15 K/min. The method combines TG, DTG and DTA analytical techniques in a single measurement. The aim of the conducted experiments was to study thermal decomposition of these energetic materials as well as to determine activation energy of the decomposition process and the preconditioning factor from the TG curves. The tested materials properties and chemical composition along with a brief description of the experimental procedure are described. The inverse procedure of calculating the activation energy, based on the Ozawa-Flynn-Wall model is described. Finally, the results of thermal decomposition of two tested solid rocket propellants are presented along with maximum decomposition rates and percentage of mass loss.

scholarly journals Combustion of Laser-Induced Individual Magnesium Microparticles under Natural Convection

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1276
Author(s):  
Chengyuan Lin ◽  
Minqi Zhang ◽  
Yue Wang ◽  
Shengji Li ◽  
Xuefeng Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Particle Diameter ◽  
Combustion Model ◽  
Combustion Mechanism ◽  
Rocket Propellants ◽  
High Speed Cinematography ◽  
Ignition And Combustion

Metal magnesium (Mg) fuels have been widely used in rocket propellants. The combustion study on individual Mg microparticles is crucial to the in-depth unveiling of the combustion mechanism of Mg-based propellants. In this paper, a new experimental setup was proposed to directly observe the combustion of individual micron-sized Mg particles, based on laser ignition and microscopic high-speed cinematography. The combustion process of individual Mg microparticles could be directly and clearly observed by the apparatus at high temporal and spatial resolutions. Individual Mg microparticles took gas phase combustion, and mainly underwent four stages: expansion, melting, gasification, ignition, and combustion. The ignition delay time and total combustion time had an exponential decay on the particle diameter, and they had a linear decay on the ignition power density. The melting took a dominant role in the whole burnout time. The gas-phase combustion flame seemed thick, inhomogeneous, and ring-like structure. The combustion model of individual Mg microparticles was built through combining the experimental results with the SEM, XRD, XPS, and EDS analysis of original samples and combustion residues. This study will be beneficial to understand the combustion process and reveal the combustion mechanism of metal microparticles besides Mg.

Residual Gas Reactions in the Electron Microscope: I. Qualitative Observations on the Water Gas Reaction

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 292-293
Author(s):  
Richard E. Hartman ◽  
Roberta S. Hartman ◽  
Peter L. Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Absolute Temperature ◽  
Residual Gas ◽  
Gas Reactions ◽  
Image Position ◽  
The Right ◽  
Water Gas ◽  
Thinning Rate

The action of water and the electron beam on organic specimens in the electron microscope results in the removal of oxidizable material (primarily hydrogen and carbon) by reactions similar to the water gas reaction .which has the form:The energy required to force the reaction to the right is supplied by the interaction of the electron beam with the specimen.The mass of water striking the specimen is given by:where u = gH2O/cm2 sec, PH2O = partial pressure of water in Torr, & T = absolute temperature of the gas phase. If it is assumed that mass is removed from the specimen by a reaction approximated by (1) and that the specimen is uniformly thinned by the reaction, then the thinning rate in A/ min iswhere x = thickness of the specimen in A, t = time in minutes, & E = efficiency (the fraction of the water striking the specimen which reacts with it).

Integration of Core-Edge Spectroscopy Methods for the Study of Polymers

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 154-155
Author(s):  
E. G. Rightor
Keyword(s):  
Excited State ◽  
Polymer Blends ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
Electronic States ◽  
Core Electron ◽  
Bulk Solids ◽  
Development Application

Core edge spectroscopy methods are versatile tools for investigating a wide variety of materials. They can be used to probe the electronic states of materials in bulk solids, on surfaces, or in the gas phase. This family of methods involves promoting an inner shell (core) electron to an excited state and recording either the primary excitation or secondary decay of the excited state. The techniques are complimentary and have different strengths and limitations for studying challenging aspects of materials. The need to identify components in polymers or polymer blends at high spatial resolution has driven development, application, and integration of results from several of these methods.

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