Low Temperature Cycling Performance of the SONY 18650 Hard Carbon Mandrel Cell

Temperature cycling is an important reliability qualification test given the differences in thermal expansion coefficients for the materials in integrated circuit packages. In this work, leadfree Plastic-Ball-Grid-Array (PBGA) packages with embedded C1100 copper heatspreaders were exposed to standard qualification testing including MSL3 Moisture Preconditioning with leadfree reflows at 245C followed by Temperature Cycling (TC) with ranges of −55/+125C (TC-B) and 0/+125C (TC-K) per JEDEC JESD47. Electrical performance and package warpage were characterized on as-received, post-preconditioning, and post-TC devices. After 200 cycles TC-B, gross electrical open failures were found on a large percentage of devices in some package lots. Physical failure analysis of the open failures revealed severe package warpage, as high as 20mils on a 31mm package. The severe warpage was accompanied by delamination and sheared wires. In contrast other package lots did not show failures nor severe warpage (<6mils) even after 1000 cycles of TC-B. The same package and BOM was qualified with 225C reflows for eutectic lead/tin solder with no warpage or failures after TC. Detailed commonality studies revealed that the copper heatspreader lot used was the only definitive difference between “good” and “warped” package lots. It was found that for “warped” lots exposure to the leadfree reflow at 245C caused a significant reduction in the micro-hardness of the copper heatspreader, while there was minimal change in micro-hardness after exposure to leadfree reflow in the “good” lots. The mechanism for this change is explained by the softening temperature of the C1100 copper heatspreader which is well within the range of leadfree reflows. Above this softening temperature, re-crystallization and grain growth occur, which result in susceptibility to permanent warpage induced by temperature cycling. Control of this warpage is critical to qualifying temperature cycling performance for heatspreader PBGA packages, and this can be achieved through micro-hardness screening of the heatspreaders.

Download Full-text

Novel MnO/conjugated microporous polymer derived-porous hard carbon nanocomposite for superior lithium storage

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/c4ra05339g ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 4 (78) ◽

pp. 41649-41653 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Qingtang Zhang ◽

Songwang Ge ◽

Xiaomei Wang ◽

Hanxue Sun ◽

Zhaoqi Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Anode Material ◽

Cycling Performance ◽

Hard Carbon ◽

Lithium Storage ◽

High Discharge ◽

Conjugated Microporous Polymer ◽

Microporous Polymer ◽

Carbon Nanocomposite

MnO/porous hard carbon nanocomposite as an anode material exhibits high discharge/charge capability and good cycling performance at 2 C for 300 cycles.

Download Full-text

Sodium‐Ion Batteries: Self‐Supporting, Flexible, Additive‐Free, and Scalable Hard Carbon Paper Self‐Interwoven by 1D Microbelts: Superb Room/Low‐Temperature Sodium Storage and Working Mechanism (Adv. Mater. 40/2019)

Advanced Materials ◽

10.1002/adma.201970288 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 31 (40) ◽

pp. 1970288

Author(s):

Bao‐Hua Hou ◽

Ying‐Ying Wang ◽

Qiu‐Li Ning ◽

Wen‐Hao Li ◽

Xiao‐Tong Xi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Sodium Ion ◽

Carbon Paper ◽

Sodium Ion Batteries ◽

Hard Carbon ◽

Working Mechanism ◽

Sodium Storage

Download Full-text

Low-temperature cycling of isothermal and anhysteretic remanence: microcoercivity and magnetic memory

Earth and Planetary Science Letters ◽

10.1016/s0012-821x(02)01039-7 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 205 (3-4) ◽

pp. 173-184 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Adrian R. Muxworthy ◽

David J. Dunlop ◽

Özden Özdemir

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Temperature Cycling ◽

Magnetic Memory

Download Full-text

Low-temperature cycling of hydrogenation-dehydrogenation of Pd-decorated Mg nanoblades

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy ◽

10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.06.005 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 36 (18) ◽

pp. 11752-11759 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Y. Liu ◽

L. Chen ◽

T.-M. Lu ◽

G.-C. Wang

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Temperature Cycling

Download Full-text

A comparative degradation study of commercial lithium-ion cells under low-temperature cycling

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/c7ra02581e ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (37) ◽

pp. 23157-23163 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yakun Zhang ◽

Hao Ge ◽

Jun Huang ◽

Zhe Li ◽

Jianbo Zhang

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Electric Vehicles ◽

Low Temperatures ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Temperature Cycling ◽

Degradation Study ◽

Lithium Ion Cells ◽

Severe Deterioration

Severe deterioration of lithium-ion cells at low temperatures constitutes one of the bottlenecks for the wide adoption of electric vehicles.

Download Full-text

Hard Carbon Derived from Avocado Peels as a High-Capacity, High-Performance Anode Material for Sodium-Ion Batteries

10.33774/chemrxiv-2021-1df6h ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Francielli Genier ◽

Shreyas Pathreeker ◽

Robson Schuarca ◽

Mohammad Islam ◽

Ian Hosein

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

High Capacity ◽

Rate Capability ◽

Reversible Capacity ◽

Cycling Performance ◽

Sodium Ion ◽

Sodium Ion Batteries ◽

Hard Carbon ◽

Storage Technologies ◽

Carbon Based

Deriving battery grade materials from natural sources is a key element to establishing sustainable energy storage technologies. In this work, we present the use of avocado peels as a sustainable source for conversion into hard carbon based anodes for sodium ion batteries. The avocado peels are simply washed and dried then proceeded to a high temperature conversion step. Materials characterization reveals conversion of the avocado peels in high purity, highly porous hard carbon powders. When prepared as anode materials they show to the capability to reversibly store and release sodium ions. The hard carbon-based electrodes exhibit excellent cycling performance, namely, a reversible capacity of 352.55 mAh/g at 0.05 A/g, rate capability up to 86 mAh/g at 3500 mA/g, capacity retention of >90%, and 99.9% coulombic efficiencies after 500 cycles. This study demonstrates avocado derived hard carbon as a sustainable source that can provide excellent electrochemical and battery performance as anodes in sodium ion batteries.

Download Full-text