High Altitude Free Fall: Theoretical Analysis of G-Forces Impacting Human Subjects

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vadim Rygalov ◽  
John Jurist ◽  
Sarah Ford
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Free Fall

Myoglobin content and enzymatic activity of muscle and altitude adaptation

1962 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baltazar Reynafarje
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Reduced Form ◽  
Sartorius Muscle ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Altitude Adaptation ◽  
Made In

Quantitative determinations of myoglobin were made in the sartorius muscle of healthy human subjects native to sea level and high altitude. The specific activities of the reduced form of diphosphopyridine nucleotide oxidase (DPNH-oxidase), DPNH- and the reduced form of triphosphopyridine nucleotide (TPNH)-cytochrome c reductases, transhydrogenase, and isocitric and lactic dehydrogenases were also examined. There was found a significantly higher myoglobin concentration in the muscle of the high-altitude native as compared with the sea-level resident. The enzyme systems DPNH-oxidase, TPNH-cytochrome c reductase, and transhydrogenase similarly showed a significantly higher activity in the altitude resident. It was concluded that the respiratory capacity of the muscle was apparently higher in the altitude native than in the sea-level one. The enhanced enzymatic activity was probably related to the higher pigment content of the skeletal muscle. Results on myoglobin determinations in several other muscles from certain sea-level patients are discussed. Submitted on July 24, 1961

ANALYSIS OF THE STATE OF INSULATION OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT OF MINING AND METALLURGICAL COMPANIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-215
Author(s):  
R.V. KLYUEV ◽  
◽  
I.I. BOSIKOV ◽  
O.A. GAVRINA ◽  
K.S. KRYSANOV ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
Insulation Resistance ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Electric Networks ◽  
Single Method ◽  
Underground Workings ◽  
Mathematical Processing

The paper presents the results of theoretical analysis and mathematical processing of experimental studies of the insulation state of individual elements of the same type of sections of 0.4 kV electric networks in underground workings conducted at the mining and processing mines at heights of workings up to 1000 m above sea level. The studies were carried out according to a single method in order to identify the effect of highlands on the insulation state of individual elements of 0.4 kV networks. It is recommended to complete scraper winches, fans and other mechanisms of high-altitude mines with organosilicon-insulated engines or with front coatings filled with top coat varnishes similar to excavator engines. A similar situation is noted with the launcher. More than 50 % of all the equipment of high-altitude mines have an active insulation resistance of less than 20 mOhm. A higher asymmetry of the total and active insulation resistance of launchers is noted. It is recommended to use silica gel to reduce air humidity inside the shells of the launcher...

High‐altitude free fall

1996 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 1242-1246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pirooz Mohazzabi ◽  
James H. Shea
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Free Fall

scholarly journals DETECTION OF AUTOLOGOUS BLOOD DOPING

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christer Malm ◽  
Irene Granlund ◽  
Michael Hall ◽  
Pernilla Lindén ◽  
Magnus Ericsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Autologous Blood ◽  
Multivariate Model ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Autologous Blood Transfusion ◽  
Blood Doping ◽  
As Doping ◽  
Oxygen Carrying Capacity

AbstractObjectivesAutologous blood transfusion (ABT) enhances athlete’s performance, is banned as doping by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). Currently, there is no implemented detection method for ABT. Transfusion of one’s own, long-term cryopreserved red blood cells (cryo-RBC) immediately increases circulating RBC count, hemoglobin mass, blood volume and oxygen carrying capacity, resulting in enhanced physical performance. Functional viablity of cryo-RBC are maintained for decades, but storage lesions lead to removal of damaged RBC from circulation days after transfusion, with remaining circulating cryo-RBC displaying normal half-life.MethodsThe cytosolic RBC peptidome from 22 human subjects (12 men and 10 women) was analyzed by UHPLC-MS/MS before and after ABT with cryo-RBC. As a control group and for investigation of confounders, 14 elite athletes and 5 recreational subjects were sampled multiple times, also at high altitude.ResultsHere we report alteration in the cytosolic peptidome of circulating RBC weeks after ABT, discriminating doped from non-doped human subjects. A valid discriminating multivariate model (OPLS-DA) based on <200 peptides was accomplished (R2/Q2 = 0.88/0.59, P CV-ANOVA < 0.0001, ROC AUC = 0.97). Models did not show bias for sex, high altitude or elite endurance training and racing.ConclusionIdentified peptides with low intra- and inter-individual variation, and high multivariate model weight and probability scores, create a direct method for the detection of autologous blood doping.

scholarly journals GAT-FD: An Integrated MATLAB Toolbox for Graph Theoretical Analysis of Task-Related Functional Dynamics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Cao ◽  
Ziyan Wu ◽  
Xiaobo Li
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Functional Network ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
Matlab Toolbox ◽  
Graph Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Functional Dynamics ◽  
Network Properties

ABSTRACTFunctional connectivity (FC) has been demonstrated to be varying over time during sensory and cognitive processes. Quantitative examinations of such variations can significantly advance our understanding on large-scale functional organizations and their topological dynamics that support normal brain functional connectome and can be altered in individuals with brain disorders. However, toolboxes that integrate the complete functions for analyzing task-related brain FC, functional network topological properties, and their dynamics, are still lacking. The current study has developed a MATLAB toolbox, the Graph Theoretical Analysis of Task-Related Functional Dynamics (GAT-FD), which consists of four modules for sliding-window analyses, temporal mask generation, estimations of network properties and dynamics, and result display, respectively. All the involved functions have been tested and validated using fMRI data collected from human subjects when performing a block-designed task. The results demonstrated that the GAT-FD allows for effective and quantitative evaluations of the functional network properties and their dynamics during the task period. As an open-source and user-friendly package, the GAT-FD and its detailed user manual are freely available at https://www.nitrc.org/projects/gat_fd and https://centers.njit.edu/cnnl/gat_fd/.

Brain tissue pH and ventilatory acclimatization to high altitude

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. V. Goldberg ◽  
R. B. Schoene ◽  
D. Haynor ◽  
B. Trimble ◽  
E. R. Swenson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Intracellular Acidosis ◽  
Arterial Blood Gas ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Brain Ph ◽  
Gas Measurements

31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-NMRS) was performed on brain cross sections of four human subjects before and after 7 days in a hypobaric chamber at 447 Torr to test the hypothesis that brain intracellular acidosis develops during acclimatization to high altitude and accounts for the progressively increasing ventilation that develops (ventilatory acclimatization). Arterial blood gas measurements confirmed increased ventilation. At the end of 1 wk of hypobaria, brain intracellular pH was 7.023 +/- 0.046 (SD), unchanged from preexposure pH of 6.998 +/- 0.029. After return to sea level, however, it decreased to 6.918 +/- 0.032 at 15 min (P less than 0.01) and 6.920 +/- 0.046 at 12 h (P less than 0.01). The ventilatory response to hypoxia increased [from 0.35 +/- 0.11 (l/min)/(-%O2 saturation) before exposure to 0.69 +/- 0.19 after, P = 0.06]. Brain intracellular acidosis is probably not a supplemental stimulus to ventilatory acclimatization to high altitude. However, brain intracellular acidosis develops on return to normoxia from chronic hypoxia, suggesting that brain pH may follow changes in blood and cerebrospinal fluid pH as they are altered by changes in ventilation.

Tendon reflexes in free fall

1960 ◽  
Vol 153 (951) ◽  
pp. 195-204 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Abrupt Change ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Free Fall ◽  
Voluntary Control ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Voluntary Activity ◽  
Sudden Transition ◽  
Neurological State ◽  
Tendon Reflexes

A falling chair has been used to study the neurological state of human subjects who are suddenly dropped. The sudden transition from 1 to Og produces changes in shape of all soft tissues, and elongation of the trunk. Complex voluntary activity becomes impossible immediately after the start of falling, coarse voluntary control is retained. The ankle jerk is temporarily suppressed and analysis suggests this is due to changes of shape of the muscle consequent on weightlessness. The experiments here are concerned with reactions of human subjects to the abrupt change from 1 to Og when a subject is suddenly allowed to fall. Much work has already been done in aircraft and rockets to investigate the effects of weightlessness on human beings and animals but under these conditions the onset of Og usually occurs slowly.

High-altitude free fall revised

2010 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 616-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Benacka
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Free Fall

scholarly journals Vitamin Status of High Altitude (3660m) Acclimatized Human Subjects During Consumption of Tinned Rations

2004 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kadambi Sridharan ◽  
Srirangachari Ranganathan ◽  
Ajoy K. Mukherjee ◽  
Manmohan L. Kumria ◽  
Praveen Vats
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Vitamin Status
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