High Strength-to-Weight Ratio Non-Woven Technical Fabrics for Aerospace Applications

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith McDaniels ◽  
RJ Downs ◽  
Heiner Meldner ◽  
Cameron Beach ◽  
Chris Adams
Keyword(s):  
Weight Ratio ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Aerospace Applications

SANDVIK Ti-3Al-2.5V GRADE 9

Alloy Digest ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Endurance Limit ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Strain Ratio ◽  
Bend Strength ◽  
Aerospace Applications ◽  
Excellent Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Titanium Aluminum ◽  
Fatigue Endurance

Abstract Sandvik Ti-3Al-2.5V Grade 9 titanium-aluminum alloy offers excellent corrosion resistance, especially to chloride media, and has a high strength-to-weight ratio, which is especially suitable for use in aerospace applications. Tubing can be produced having a CSR (contractile strain ratio) that enhances the fatigue endurance limit. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, tensile properties, and bend strength as well as fatigue. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, machining, and joining. Filing Code: TI-109. Producer or source: Sandvik.

scholarly journals Effect of microstructure and cooling rate on the fatigue performance of TIMETAL® 575

2020 ◽  
Vol 321 ◽  
pp. 12019
Author(s):  
M. Bodie ◽  
M. Thomas ◽  
A. Ayub
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Fatigue Performance ◽  
Aerospace Applications

A key design consideration for material selection in the aerospace industry is weight reduction; with excellent strength to weight ratio, high temperature resistance, and fatigue performance, titanium alloys are extensively used. New titanium alloys continue to enhance performance and broaden the range of applications. Titanium Metals Corporation (TIMET) recently developed TIMETAL® 575 (Ti575), a high strength titanium alloy with superior fatigue performance over Ti-6Al-4V, aimed at aerospace applications where these properties are imperative i.e. aerospace turbine discs and blades. [1] [2] This work intends to advance the understanding of the effect of thermal processing of Ti575, by investigating the effect of primary alpha (αp) volume fraction and cooling rate on tensile and fatigue performance in post forged heat-treated microstructures. Microstructural assessment and mechanical performance were completed and are discussed. Three cooling methods from three solution heat-treat temperatures were investigated in this work. The results from these experiments were compared using optical microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), room temperature tensile and high cycle fatigue (HCF) tests.

Nanocrystalline Diamond Coated Tool Performance in Machining of LM6 Aluminium Alloy/Alumina MMC

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramasubramanian Kannan ◽  
Arunachalam Narayanaperumal ◽  
Mamidanna Sri Ramachandra Rao
Keyword(s):  
Metal Matrix Composites ◽  
Metal Matrix ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Aerospace Applications ◽  
Coated Tools ◽  
Nano Crystalline ◽  
Improved Performance

Aluminium based metal matrix composites (MMC) gain its importance in automotive and aerospace applications due to their high strength to low weight ratio, which leads to reduced fuel consumption and improved performance. However the usage of MMC is limited due to its poor machinability. The presence of hard reinforcing particles in MMC makes these materials difficult to machine. A cutting tool with high hardness and low coefficient of friction is required for machining this MMC material effectively. In this paper a comparative study on machinability of different coated tools on LM6 aluminum alloy/alumina MMC are conducted and presented. Experimental results on tool wear, cutting force and surface finish indicate that nano-crystalline diamond coated tools (NCD) outperform the other commercially available coated tools for machining this metal matrix composites.

scholarly journals Microstructural Evolution, Hardness, and Strengthening Mechanisms in SLM AlSi10Mg Alloy Subjected to Equal-Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP)

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 7598
Author(s):  
Przemysław Snopiński ◽  
Anna Woźniak ◽  
Marek Pagáč
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Equal Channel Angular Pressing ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Melting Process ◽  
Heat Treated Sample ◽  
Aerospace Applications ◽  
Angular Pressing ◽  
Ecap Process ◽  
Heat Treated

The AlSi10Mg alloy is characterized by a high strength-to-weight ratio, good formability, and satisfying corrosion resistance; thus, it is very often used in automotive and aerospace applications. However, the main limitation of using this alloy is its low yield strength and ductility. The equal-channel angular pressing is a processing tool that allows one to obtain ultrafine-grained or nanomaterials, with exceptional mechanical and physical properties. The purpose of the paper was to analyze the influence of the ECAP process on the structure and hardness of the AlSi10Mg alloy, obtained by the selective laser melting process. Four types of samples were examined: as-fabricated, heat-treated, and subjected to one and two ECAP passes. The microstructure analysis was performed using light and electron microscope systems (scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope). To evaluate the effect of ECAP on the mechanical properties, hardness measurements were performed. We found that the samples that underwent the ECAP process were characterized by a higher hardness than the heat-treated sample. It was also found that the ECAP processing promoted the formation of structures with semicircular patterns and multiple melt pool boundaries with a mean grain size of 0.24 μm.

scholarly journals FAST-forge of Titanium Alloy Swarf: A Solid-State Closed-Loop Recycling Approach for Aerospace Machining Waste

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas S. Weston ◽  
Martin Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Hot Forging ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Downstream Processing ◽  
Processing Route ◽  
Aerospace Applications ◽  
Multi Stage

Titanium alloys have excellent properties, but components are very expensive due to the high levels of processing required, such as vacuum melting, multi-stage forging, and machining. As a result, forged titanium alloy components are largely exclusive to the aerospace industry, where a high strength-to-weight ratio, corrosion resistance, and excellent fatigue resistance are essential. However, a typical buy-to-fly ratio for such components is approximately 9:1, as much of the forged billet is machined to swarf. The quantity of waste titanium alloy swarf generated is increasing as aircraft orders, and the titanium components contained within them, are increasing. In this paper, waste swarf material has been recycled using the two-step solid-state FAST-forge process, which utilizes field assisted sintering technology (FAST) followed by hot forging. Cleaned Ti-6Al-4V swarf was fully consolidated using the FAST process at sub-transus and super-transus temperatures, followed by hot forging at sub-transus temperatures at different strain rates. It was demonstrated that swarf-derived Ti-6Al-4V FAST billets have equivalent hot forging flow behaviour and resultant microstructures when directly compared to equivalently processed conventional expensive hydride–dehydride powder, and previously reported Kroll-derived melt-wrought material. This demonstrates that titanium swarf is a good quality feedstock for downstream processing. Additionally, FAST-forge is a viable processing route for the closed-loop recycling of machining waste for next-generation components in vehicles and non-aerospace applications, which is game changing for the economics of titanium alloy components.

Stiffness Analysis of Delaminated Composite Beams Using Roller Clamps

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Vivek ◽  
Ankuran Saha ◽  
Apurba Das ◽  
Kazuaki Inaba ◽  
Amit Karmakar
Keyword(s):  
Free Vibration ◽  
Composite Beam ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Laminated Composite ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Complex Activity ◽  
Aerospace Applications

Abstract Composites are favored over other traditional materials in many aerospace applications because of their high stiffness and strength-to-weight ratio. Taylor made material properties can be achieved by scheming the structural parameters making the material light, high strength and durable. Present work deals with a novel approach to enhance the strength of a layered delaminated composite beam using roller clamps to improve stiffness by providing uniform transverse force. Composite beam stiffness significantly degrades due to adverse environmental condition, impact loading and delamination effect. Composite structures are prone to delamination during its life span. Therefore in depth knowledge is needed to find the effect of roller clamps on the dynamic behavior of beam with varying delamination sizes. Present approach will be useful to enhance the stiffness of composite structure with delamination. The free vibration of a clamped cantilever beam is investigated, and the results are compared to those of an unclamped and undelaminated beam. The findings are supported by experimentally obtained responses (modal analysis). Furthermore, the complex activity of the laminated structure is numerically computed and the obtained data is compared to those available in open literature to ensure correctness. The laminated composite beam’s static and free vibration responses are calculated using finite element simulation software (ANSYS).

Modeling of Diffusion Bonding Time in Dissimilar Titanium Alloys: Preliminary Results

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Kulkarni ◽  
M. Ramulu ◽  
Daniel G. Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Diffusion Bonding ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Superplastic Forming ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Bonding Time ◽  
Bonding Parameters ◽  
Aerospace Applications ◽  
Dissimilar Alloys ◽  
Structural Parts

Titanium alloys are excellent candidates for aerospace applications due to their high strength-to-weight ratio and corrosion resistance. In the aerospace industry, diffusion bonding (DB) combined with superplastic forming is widely adopted to produce near net shape of titanium alloy structural parts. Of all the titanium alloys, bonding parameters have been well established for producing high-quality bonds only between Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-6Al-4V. The DB of similar alloys has been modeled successfully by many researchers. However, to date the DB time has not been modeled for dissimilar alloys. In the current work, the probabilistic model developed to predict DB time in similar titanium alloys is adapted for prediction of bonding time for Ti-64SG/Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo SG dissimilar titanium alloys.

Effect of Cooling Rate and Aging Process on Wear Behavior of Deformed TC21 Ti-Alloy

2020 ◽  
Vol 835 ◽  
pp. 265-273
Author(s):  
Ramadan N. Elshaer ◽  
Khaled M. Ibrahim ◽  
Ibrahim Lotfy ◽  
Mahmoud Abdel-Latif
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Aerospace Applications ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Solution Treated

TC21 with a composition of Ti-6Al-3Mo-1.9Nb-2.2Sn-2.2Zr-1.5Cr is considered a new titanium alloy that is used in aerospace applications as a replacement for the famous Ti-6Al-4V alloy due to its high strength-to-weight ratio, high operating temperature and corrosion resistance. In this study, two different solution treatment techniques were applied on TC21 samples. Solution treatment was applied using two step heating at 1000/800 °C for 15 min each and then cooled using water quenching or air cooling to see the effect of cooling rate on microstructure as well as mechanical properties. The solution treated samples were divided into two groups; one was tested as solution treated samples without aging. While, the second group was aged at 575 °C for 4 hrs. Maximum hardness of 442 HV was observed for the water quenched and aged samples, while the minimum hardness of 340 HV was obtained for water quenched samples without aging. The lowest wear rate was obtained for water quenched and aged samples. However, the highest wear rate was reported for the samples solution treated and water quenched without aging.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study on the Substructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties of TIMETAL® 407 and Ti-64

2020 ◽  
Vol 321 ◽  
pp. 11045
Author(s):  
Zachary Kloenne ◽  
Gopal Viswanathan ◽  
Matt Thomas ◽  
M.H. Lorreto ◽  
Hamish L. Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
High Strain ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Deformation Mechanisms ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Aerospace Applications ◽  
Beta Titanium ◽  
Excellent Candidate ◽  
Split Hopkinson

Titanium and titanium alloys are excellent candidates for aerospace applications owing to their high strength to weight ratio. Alpha/beta titanium alloys are used in nearly all sections of the aircraft, including the fuselage, landing gear, and wing. Ti-6Al-4V is the workhorse alloy of the titanium industry, comprising of nearly 60% of total titanium production. TIMETAL® 407, Ti-0.85Al-3.9V-0.25Si-0.25Fe (Ti-407) is an excellent candidate for alloy applications requiring excellent machinability and increased energy absorption. These properties are a result of the alloy’s increased ductility while maintaining moderate levels of strength. In this study, the deformation mechanisms of Ti-407 have been studied at high strain rates using split-Hopkinson bar testing. Utilizing post-mortem characterization, Ti-407 has been shown to deform significantly by ⟨c+a⟩ slip and deformation twinning. The observation of ⟨c+a⟩ slip is in contrast with other studies and will be discussed further.

Physical, Chemical, and Crystallographic Characterization of Anodic Coatings on High Strength Aluminum Base Alloys

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 636-637
Author(s):  
R. E. Herfert ◽  
N. T. McDevitt
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Salt Spray ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Environmental Stability ◽  
Anodic Films ◽  
Sodium Dichromate ◽  
Corrosion Resistant ◽  
Aerospace Applications ◽  
Bond Strengths ◽  
Adhesive Bonded Joints

Durability of adhesive bonded joints in moisture and salt spray environments is essential to USAF aircraft. Structural bonding technology for aerospace applications has depended for many years on the preparation of aluminum surfaces by a sulfuric acid/sodium dichromate (FPL etch) treatment. Recently, specific thin film anodizing techniques, phosphoric acid, and chromic acid anodizing have been developed which not only provide good initial bond strengths but vastly improved environmental durability. These thin anodic films are in contrast to the commonly used thick anodic films such as the sulfuric acid or "hard" sulfuric acid anodic films which are highly corrosion resistant in themselves, but which do not provide good initial bond strengths, particularly in low temperature peel.The objective of this study was to determine the characteristics of anodic films on aluminum alloys that make them corrosion resistant. The chemical composition, physical morphology and structure, and mechanical properties of the thin oxide films were to be defined and correlated with the environmental stability of these surfaces in humidity and salt spray. It is anticipated that anodic film characteristics and corrosion resistance will vary with the anodizing processing conditions.

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