Investigating the Role of Simulator Motion Cues during Simulation of In-Flight PIOs

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matin Wasei ◽  
Olaf Stroosma ◽  
Herman Damveld ◽  
Max Mulder ◽  
M. Van Paassen
Keyword(s):  
Motion Cues ◽  
Simulator Motion

Apparent Depth with Retinal Image Motion of Expansion and Contraction Yoked to Head Movement

Perception ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 937-949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takanao Yajima ◽  
Hiroyasu Ujike ◽  
Keiji Uchikawa
Keyword(s):  
Motion Parallax ◽  
Ccd Camera ◽  
Head Movements ◽  
Image Motion ◽  
Apparent Depth ◽  
Motion Cues ◽  
Relative Expansion ◽  
Retinal Image Motion ◽  
Self Motion

The two main questions addressed in this study were (a) what effect does yoking the relative expansion and contraction (EC) of retinal images to forward and backward head movements have on the resultant magnitude and stability of perceived depth, and (b) how does this relative EC image motion interact with the depth cues of motion parallax? Relative EC image motion was produced by moving a small CCD camera toward and away from the stimulus, two random-dot surfaces separated in depth, in synchrony with the observers' forward and backward head movements. Observers viewed the stimuli monocularly, on a helmet-mounted display, while moving their heads at various velocities, including zero velocity. The results showed that (a) the magnitude of perceived depth was smaller with smaller head velocities (<10 cm s−1), including the zero-head-velocity condition, than with a larger velocity (10 cm s−1), and (b) perceived depth, when motion parallax and the EC image motion cues were simultaneously presented, is equal to the greater of the two possible perceived depths produced from either of these two cues alone. The results suggested the role of nonvisual information of self-motion on perceiving depth.

The Relationship between Flight Simulator Motion and Training Requirements

1979 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAUL W. CARO
Keyword(s):  
Flight Simulator ◽  
Flight Performance ◽  
Motion Cues ◽  
Training Requirements ◽  
Simulator Design ◽  
Simulator Motion ◽  
External Forces ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Training ◽  
Disturbance Cues

Flight simulator motion has been demonstrated to affect performance in the simulator, but recent transfer of training studies have failed to demonstrate an effect upon in-flight performance. However, these transfer studies examined the effects of motion in experimental designs that did not permit a dependency relationship to be established between the characteristics of the motion simulated and the training objectives or the performance measured. Another investigator has suggested that motion cues which occur in flight can be dichotomized as maneuver and disturbance cues, i.e., as resulting from pilot control action or from external forces. This paper examines each type cue and relates it analytically to training requirements. The need to establish such relationships in simulator design is emphasized. Future transfer studies should examine specific training objectives that can be expected to be effected by motion.

Motion Simulation Based on Human Vestibular Sensors

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos F. Rodri´guez ◽  
Nicola´s Ochoa Lleras
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Human Motion ◽  
Motion Cues ◽  
Motion Simulator ◽  
Reference Motion ◽  
Perception Model ◽  
Sensor Signals ◽  
Simulator Motion ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Vestibular Organs

This article presents a methodology for the definition of vehicle simulator motion cues based on the biomechanical response of the vestibular organs to motion stimuli. The proposed method begins with an extension of the human motion perception model which includes the simulator kinematics. The goal of this procedure is to define the motion cues so that they reproduce vestibular sensor signals matching those of a reference motion, in terms of the Sensor-State vector. This vector is estimated by using dynamic models of the vestibular organs’ biomechanics. A definition of equivalent motion based on properties of these models is introduced. This definition allows for the proposal of a strategy to imitate the vestibular sensor signals. The methodology has been tested in simulation with a 3-dof planar motion simulator, resulting in satisfactory results. Finally, the potential of the proposed methodology is discussed.

The Role of Temporal Synchrony as a Binding Cue for Visual Persistence in Early Visual Areas: An fMRI Study

2009 ◽  
Vol 102 (6) ◽  
pp. 3461-3468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne J. Wong ◽  
Adrian J. Aldcroft ◽  
Mary-Ellen Large ◽  
Jody C. Culham ◽  
Tutis Vilis
Keyword(s):  
Visual Memory ◽  
Iconic Memory ◽  
Occipital Cortex ◽  
Independent Manner ◽  
Object Persistence ◽  
Motion Cues ◽  
Temporal Synchrony ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Visual Areas

We examined the role of temporal synchrony—the simultaneous appearance of visual features—in the perceptual and neural processes underlying object persistence. When a binding cue (such as color or motion) momentarily exposes an object from a background of similar elements, viewers remain aware of the object for several seconds before it perceptually fades into the background, a phenomenon known as object persistence. We showed that persistence from temporal stimulus synchrony, like that arising from motion and color, is associated with activation in the lateral occipital (LO) area, as measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging. We also compared the distribution of occipital cortex activity related to persistence to that of iconic visual memory. Although activation related to iconic memory was largely confined to LO, activation related to object persistence was present across V1 to LO, peaking in V3 and V4, regardless of the binding cue (temporal synchrony, motion, or color). Although persistence from motion cues was not associated with higher activation in the MT+ motion complex, persistence from color cues was associated with increased activation in V4. Taken together, these results demonstrate that although persistence is a form of visual memory, it relies on neural mechanisms different from those of iconic memory. That is, persistence not only activates LO in a cue-independent manner, it also recruits visual areas that may be necessary to maintain binding between object elements.

scholarly journals Discriminating tactile speed in absence of raised texture elements: Role of deformation and vibratory cues

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Moscatelli ◽  
Colleen P. Ryan ◽  
Simone Ciotti ◽  
Lucia Cosentino ◽  
Marc O. Ernst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Glass Plate ◽  
Textured Surface ◽  
List Type ◽  
Motion Cues ◽  
Multiple Cues ◽  
Motion Speed ◽  
High Frequency Vibrations ◽  
Speed Discrimination

AbstractMotion encoding in touch relies on multiple cues, such as displacements of traceable texture elements, friction-induced vibrations, and gross fingertip deformations by shear force. We evaluated the role of deformation and vibration cues in tactile speed discrimination. To this end, we tested the discrimination of speed of a moving smooth glass plate, and compared the precision of the responses when the same task was performed with a plate having a fine texture. Participants performed the task with and without masking vibrations. Speed discrimination was nearly as precise among the two surface types, as assessed by the steep slope of the psychometric function. Consistent with our previous work, high-frequency vibrations impaired the ability of the participants in discriminating surface speed. Results of the current study showed that it is possible to discriminate motion speed even in absence of a raised texture.HighlightsOn a smooth surface, humans are able to discriminate the speed of a moving surface by frictional motion cuesThe precision of speed discrimination is nearly the same with smooth and fine-textured surface typesHigh frequency vibrations impair the ability to discriminate speed of moving surfaces

The Effect of Observer Perspective on the Perceived Velocity of Human Walkers

2004 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Schollerer ◽  
Rudolf Groner
Keyword(s):  
Motion Parallax ◽  
Apparent Velocity ◽  
Motion Cues ◽  
Factorial Anova ◽  
Observer Perspective ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Perceived Velocity

The apparent velocity of a filmed person, walking in front of static or moving backgrounds, was estimated in 2 experiments by 18 observers. The camera either followed the walker or remained at the same position (= stabilized vs. mobile observer perspective). A factorial ANOVA was used with the estimate of the walker’s velocity (in km/h) as dependent variable. Based on the number of applicable motion cues and on the role of motion parallax, it was predicted that the mobile observer perspective should lead to a higher estimate of the walker’s velocity. In both experiments, the opposite of this prediction was observed: Stabilized observer perspective produced consistently higher velocity estimates as a main effect and in interaction with the background variables. No velocity increasing effect of motion parallax was found in stabilized observer perspective, presumably because of the ambiguity of motion cues with respect to background distance.

A Role of 3-D Surface-from-Motion Cues in Motion-Induced Blindness

Perception ◽  
10.1068/p7560 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 1353-1361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orna Rosenthal ◽  
Martin Davies ◽  
Anne M Aimola Davies ◽  
Glyn W Humphreys
Keyword(s):  
Motion Cues

Simulators and Realism

1983 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. C. D. Whiteside
Keyword(s):  
Motion Sickness ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Motion Cues ◽  
Moving Base ◽  
Ocular Convergence

The objectives of simulation are discussed on the basis of training in procedures or neuromuscular skills, and in relation to the amount of realism required. Motion sickness arising from inadequate co-ordination of visual and motion cues, is considered in relation to fixed and moving base simulators. In the perception of distance and size, the role of ocular convergence is discussed and an experimental approach suggested. The mentally stressful effects of increased responsibility, as robots enable the operator to extend his output, are discussed in relation to its covert symptomatology and to advanced flight concepts.

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