Robust Optimization of Aircraft Life-cycle Costs Including the Cost of Community Noise

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Diez ◽  
Umberto Iemma
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Robust Optimization ◽  
Life Cycle Costs ◽  
Community Noise ◽  
The Cost

The Potential Impact of Utilizing Advanced Engine Technology for a Combat Capable Unmanned Air Vehicle (UAV)

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg B. Bruening ◽  
James R. Snyder ◽  
Raymond E. Fredette
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
System Level ◽  
Life Cycle Costs ◽  
Air Defense ◽  
Unmanned Air Vehicle ◽  
Air Vehicle ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Cost

This paper evaluates the potential impact of utilizing advanced engine technology for a limited life, combat capable, unmanned air vehicle (UAV) application. A study was conducted to define payoffs in terms of mission capability and system level life cycle costs (LCC) associated with implementing three different engine development approaches into a combat capable UAV design. The three different approaches considered were: a new, advanced technology engine; an existing (off-the-shelf) engine; and a derivative of an existing engine with limited technology insertion. A detailed vehicle configuration design was developed to conduct this assessment, including a low observable (LO), highly integrated engine/airframe layout for survivability and mission adaptable considerations. The vehicle is designed with multi-role mission capability such as suppression of enemy air defense (SEAD), close air support (CAS), and battlefield air interdiction (BAI). A system level performance comparison is assessed with the three different engine approaches, specifically for the SEAD-type mission. For the cost analysis, the multi-role mission capability is reflected in the overall assumptions such as in the number of aircraft needed to meet the mission requirements. A system level assessment such as in this study is essential in determining whether the additional costs associated with the development of a new, advanced engine is worth the investment. The results of this study suggest that advanced engine technology insertion can provide significant benefits in terms of mission range capability, vehicle weight/size, and overall life cycle costs versus an existing engine.

scholarly journals Energy Consumption and Life Cycle Costs of Overhead Catenary Heavy-Duty Trucks for Long-Haul Transportation

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Mareev ◽  
Dirk Sauer
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Power System ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Life Cycle Costs ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Energy Consumptions ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Total Life

The overhead catenary truck is an interesting technology for long-haul transportation with heavy-duty trucks because it can combine the advantage of energy supply via catenary while driving and the flexibility of a battery truck on routes without catenary using the traction battery. This study investigates the energy consumptions of overhead catenary trucks on German highways and considers different configurations for the traction battery and catenary power system. Afterwards the life cycle costs of overhead catenary trucks are calculated for a specified long-haul transportation scenario and the results are compared to battery electric truck and diesel truck using the findings of a previous study by the authors. The energy consumption of the considered overhead catenary trucks is approximately equal to that of a battery electric truck but only about a half of the equivalent energy consumption of a conventional diesel truck. According to the cost assumptions in this study, the total life cycle costs of overhead catenary trucks can be in the range of the conventional diesel truck, showing the competitiveness of this alternative truck technology.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Cost of a Building’s Life Cycle in a Probabilistic Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-133
Author(s):  
M. Rogalska ◽  
D. Szewczak
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Probabilistic Approach ◽  
Life Cycle Costs ◽  
Density Distributions ◽  
Life Planning ◽  
Pricing Factors ◽  
Building Components ◽  
The Interest Rate ◽  
Probability Density Distributions ◽  
The Cost

AbstractIn the article the costs of alternative roofing techniques in the life cycle of the building were calculated. The calculations were made in accordance with ISO 15686-5 standard “Buildings and constructed assets – Service life planning – Part 5: Life-cycle costing”, using normative durability periods and minimum period of annual consumption of individual building elements to determine the durability of building components. The normative periods are valid in Poland in relation to the valuation of buildings. Probabilistic costs in the life cycle of ceramic, metal and bituminous coatings were analysed. The probability density distributions were assumed: beta for pricing factors and normal for the interest rate. Calculations were carried out for the periods of 100 years of operation of coverings, taking into account the costs of replacement and utilization. As a result of the calculations, the life cycle costs of alternative coatings with probabilities from 5 to 95% were obtained.

Probabilistic Characterization of Life-Cycle Agency and User Costs: Case Study of Minnesota

2017 ◽  
Vol 2639 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Akbarian ◽  
Omar Swei ◽  
Randolph Kirchain ◽  
Jeremy Gregory
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Life Cycle Costs ◽  
Potential Implication ◽  
User Costs ◽  
Probabilistic Characterization ◽  
The Cost

Life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) is a commonly used approach by pavement engineers to compare the economic efficiency of alternative pavement design and maintenance strategies. Over the past two decades, the pavement community has augmented the LCCA framework used in practice by explicitly accounting for uncertainty in the decision-making process and incorporating life-cycle costs not only to the agency but also to the users of a facility. This study represents another step toward improving the LCCA process by focusing on methods to characterize the cost of relevant pay items for an LCCA as well as integrating costs accrued to users of a facility caused by pavement–vehicle interaction (PVI) and work zone delays. The developed model was implemented in a case study to quantify the potential implication of both of these components on the outcomes of an LCCA. Results from the construction cost analysis suggest that the proposed approaches in this paper lead to high-fidelity estimates that outperform current practice. Furthermore, results from the case study indicate that PVI can be a dominant contributor to total life-cycle costs and, therefore, should be incorporated in future LCCAs.

Corrosion and Fatigue Resistance Study of Aluminum Bridge Deck

1996 ◽  
Vol 1541 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-21
Author(s):  
Kurt P. Thompson ◽  
B. Larry Shives ◽  
J. S. Snodgrass ◽  
C. A. Marks ◽  
R. E. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Bridge Deck ◽  
Mass Transit ◽  
Service Performance ◽  
Life Cycle Costs ◽  
Highway Bridge ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The U.S

Thousands of bridges on which the U.S. transportation system depends are in need of repair or replacement. Engineers are continually looking for materials that can significantly extend the lives of these structures. The use of lightweight materials such as aluminum could often avoid the cost of the replacement of the sound foundations and steel girders of bridges listed as structurally deficient. However, bridge engineers have not considered aluminum for use as a bridge material because of a lack of information on the in-service performance of existing aluminum bridges and a lack of knowledge about the metal's lower life-cycle costs compared with those of traditional materials. The reconfiguration of the Smithfield Bridge in downtown Pittsburgh from a mass transit–highway bridge to a highway-traffic bridge presented an opportunity for Reynolds Metals Company to analyze the corrosion and fatigue performance of the almost 30-year-old deck and the more than 60-year-old cross members. The results of the study indicate that aluminum is a viable material for bridge decks when it is properly designed into the application.

scholarly journals An Approach for Choosing the Cost Effective Design for a Product-Service System While Maintaining its Desired Reliability

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 3041-3050
Author(s):  
Jannik Alexander Schneider ◽  
Iryna Mozgova ◽  
Roland Lachmayer
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Service System ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Life Cycle Costs ◽  
Product Service System ◽  
Product Service ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Product Costs

AbstractWith the spread of product-service systems as business models the life cycle costs are of increasing importance as a measurement of product cost. A key factor that drives these costs is the desired reliability of the products used to provide the service. Since the customer usually expects as uninterrupted service availability, it is imperative to achieve the the required reliability. Therefore a large variety of methods has been developed to maximize the reliability of a product. But these approaches focus on the maximization of the reliability and disregard the resulting product costs. This can lead to designs that over perform concerning their reliability requirements but also exceed their target costs. Which will result in the product-service system not being competitive in the marketplace or lowering the company's profit. This paper shows an approach on how to use markov chains to enable a quick comparison of life cycle costs from different product-service system designs With this it will be possible to make better informed decisions about the costs of a system while still meeting the reliability targets.

scholarly journals Life cycle cost as a criterion in purchase of rolling stock

2018 ◽  
Vol 180 ◽  
pp. 02010
Author(s):  
Jan Raczyński
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Life Cycle Costs ◽  
Technical Maintenance ◽  
Vehicle Purchase ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Main Factor

The key parameter in assessing the economic viability of purchasing and operating rolling stock is the total cost incurred by the ordering party, starting from the preparation of the rolling stock purchase plan to the end of its operation, including its disposal. The methodology for calculating these life cycle costs (LCCs) has been developed especially in recent years based on the experience of the next-generation vehicle deployment. In Poland first vehicles purchase using the LCC method was carried out in few recent years - by PKP Intercity and by Lodz Agglomeration Railway. Despite the use of simplified criteria for the economic efficiency of vehicles, optimal offers were selected. This article describes examples of rolling stock purchase based on the low cost of life of the vehicle and the economic and operational results that have been achieved after several years of operation. Further possibilities for optimizing these costs were also indicated. Examples showing the proportion between the cost of vehicle purchase, its technical maintenance and its operation, where the electricity consumption is the main factor are given.

Use of Heavy Duty, Lipped Channel Connections to Improve Rolling Stock Life Cycle Costs: An Analysis of Commonly Used Connection Methods

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Lesher ◽  
Guy Prendergast ◽  
Rafael Moras
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Life Cycle Costs ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Heavy Loads ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Hot Rolled ◽  
Lower Production ◽  
Total Life

We present the results of a study in which we examined how different types of heavy-duty mechanical connections can affect total life cycle costs of rolling stock or similar equipment. The three commonly used methods for mechanical connection in the rolling stock industry include: welding, standard – through-hole bolting, and lipped channel, a newer technology. Newer designs of lipped channel connections have high/dynamic load capacities that are not considered possible with common, cold rolled channel products. Hot rolled channel products are capable of withstanding heavy loads typically experienced in welded or bolted joints. Throughout the life of rolling stock equipment, components may need to be replaced or upgraded from a new source, which may require a new mounting pattern or position. We have evaluated the total life cycle costs for the three techniques, when one includes costs for changing the mounting location or size of the bolt pattern. After evaluation of the cost results, we present several examples to show how rolling stock manufactures have used lipped channels to help them lower life cycle cost of their equipment. In addition to yielding flexibility in mounting position, the lipped channel connections facilitate the modularization and customization of products at the lower production levels associated with this industry.

scholarly journals Life Cycle Costs of Library Collections: Creation of Effective Performance and Cost Metrics for Library Resources

2001 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 541-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen R. Lawrence ◽  
Lynn Silipigni Connaway ◽  
Keith H. Brigham
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Life Cycle Costs ◽  
Research Libraries ◽  
Association Of Research Libraries ◽  
Effective Performance ◽  
Library Resources ◽  
Cost Metrics ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Space Requirements

An important issue for research librarians is the life cycle cost of acquiring and maintaining a collection. While purchase costs are easy to identify, associated acquisition, cataloging, circulation, and maintenance expenses are difficult to measure and attribute to specific collections. This paper develops a methodology to determine the life cycle costs of collections based on readily available statistical data collected annually by the Association of Research Libraries (ARL). ARL cost data (e.g., salaries and wages, materials expenditures, and operating expenses) for a specific library are allocated to collections (e.g., manuscripts, serials, and microforms) based on the size of the collection and its relative space requirements. By aggregating allocated costs, total life cycle costs for a collection can be estimated. Results of this research indicate that life cycle costs of collections are many multiples of their purchase costs. Results further suggest that the life cycle costs of monograph collections overwhelm the costs of other collections in research libraries—the cost structure of a research library is largely driven by its monograph collection. These results should prove useful in efforts to control costs and improve performance in research libraries.

scholarly journals Life-cycle costs approach for private piped water service delivery: a study in rural Viet Nam

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 659-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melita Grant ◽  
Tim Foster ◽  
Dao Van Dinh ◽  
Juliet Willetts ◽  
Georgia Davis
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Life Cycle Costs ◽  
Viet Nam ◽  
Water Services ◽  
Cost Structures ◽  
Piped Water ◽  
Rural Water ◽  
Support Mechanisms ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Sustaining rural water services in Viet Nam requires an improved understanding of the costs and relative opportunities, especially given the government's support for private sector involvement in expanding water schemes. In particular, the life-cycle costs associated with the delivery of safe and sustainable water services in rural Viet Nam, as indeed elsewhere, are not well known, potentially compromising their long-term sustainability. To address this gap, this study assessed the cost structures of 14 water schemes in Viet Nam managed by private enterprises. Results showed that both capital and operational expenditures varied widely across the schemes assessed, reflective of the diversity of the age and characteristics of the schemes studied. Twelve of the 14 schemes generated a cash profit in the most recent calendar year; however, when taking into account depreciation, as well as historical subsidies and connection fee payments, only four of the schemes were profitable based on a 20-year design life assumption. The study complements previous research demonstrating barriers to achieving universal access when relying on user-pays systems. The results provide a useful reference point to inform business planning for enterprises, as well as policy and support mechanisms important for securing sustainable rural water supply services.

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