The Advanced Cryogenic Evolved Stage (ACES)-A Low-Cost, Low-Risk Approach to Space Exploration Launch

Space 2006 ◽  
2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Le Bar ◽  
Ed Cady
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Space Exploration ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Risk Approach

Low-cost, low-risk approach to tactical reconnaissance

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Beving ◽  
Wallace G. Fishell
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Risk Approach

scholarly journals Soft Spherical Tensegrity Robot Design Using Rod-Centered Actuation and Control

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee-Huang Chen ◽  
Kyunam Kim ◽  
Ellande Tang ◽  
Kevin Li ◽  
Richard House ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Space Exploration ◽  
Robot Design ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Flexible Design ◽  
Spherical Robot ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Control

This paper presents the design, analysis and testing of a fully actuated modular spherical tensegrity robot for co-robotic and space exploration applications. Robots built from tensegrity structures (composed of pure tensile and compression elements) have many potential benefits including high robustness through redundancy, many degrees of freedom in movement and flexible design. However to fully take advantage of these properties a significant fraction of the tensile elements should be active, leading to a potential increase in complexity, messy cable and power routing systems and increased design difficulty. Here we describe an elegant solution to a fully actuated tensegrity robot: The TT-3 (version 3) tensegrity robot, developed at UC Berkeley, in collaboration with NASA Ames, is a lightweight, low cost, modular, and rapidly prototyped spherical tensegrity robot. This robot is based on a ball-shaped six-bar tensegrity structure and features a unique modular rod-centered distributed actuation and control architecture. This paper presents the novel mechanism design, architecture and simulations of TT-3, the first untethered, fully actuated cable-driven six-bar tensegrity spherical robot ever built and tested for mobility. Furthermore, this paper discusses the controls and preliminary testing performed to observe the system’s behavior and performance.

Signalling in territorial systems: a context for individual identification, ranging and eavesdropping

1993 ◽  
Vol 340 (1292) ◽  
pp. 237-244 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Communication Network ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Electric Fish ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Risk Information ◽  
Information Gathering ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Individual Identification ◽  
Territory Defence ◽  
Territorial Systems

Territorial systems are characterized by the relative longevity and stability of interactions between neighbouring individuals. Two abilities of signal receivers that can be seen as adaptations increasing the efficiency of territory defence will be discussed: identifying neighbouring individuals and ranging (i.e. determining the distance to) signallers. The costs involved in such discriminations will also be outlined. Although signalling has been traditionally considered as occurring between two individuals (signaller and receiver), long-range signals will be received by many individuals. In territorial systems a group of neighbours could be considered as a communication network: consisting at its simplest of a signaller and a number of receivers. The scope for low cost, low-risk information gathering in such networks by eavesdropping will be discussed with particular reference to territorial songbirds and electric fish.

scholarly journals Comparison of two caries prevention programs among Thai kindergarten: a randomized controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pagaporn Pantuwadee Pisarnturakit ◽  
Palinee Detsomboonrat
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Kindergarten Children ◽  
Primary Molar ◽  
Permanent Molar ◽  
Carious Lesions ◽  
Caries Increment ◽  
Risk Approach ◽  
Clinical Trials Registry

Abstract Background: Intensified preventive regimen based on a ‘high-risk’ approach has been proposed instead the routine prevention that is generally given to the whole population. The effectiveness of these regimens may still be an issue. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare two preventive programs carried out in a Public School for kindergarten children. Methods: The data from clinical examinations were used to assess the caries risk for 121 children. Children with at least 2 carious lesions were considered as high risk for dental caries development. These children were randomized into two groups. Half (High risk basic-HRB group) were provided the basic prevention regimen (oral-hygiene instruction and hands-on brushing practice for teachers and caregivers, daytime tooth brushing supervised by teachers at least once a week, newly erupted first permanent molar sealant, provision of toothbrush, fluoride-containing dentifrice, and a guidebook), which was also given to low-risk children (Low risk basic-LRB group). The other half (High risk intensive-HRI group) were additionally given an intensified preventive regimen (F-varnish application, primary molar sealant, and silver diamine fluoride (SDF) application on carious lesions). Clinical examinations were performed semiannually to determine the dmfs caries increment of the three groups. Results: The 89 children completed the 24-month examination were 3- to 5-year-old with 19, 35, and 35 children in the LRB, HRB, and HRI group, respectively. The new caries development at 24 months of the HRB group (75%) was higher than that of the HRI group (65.7%) and the LRB group (21.1%). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated no significant differences of caries increment between the HRB and HRI groups at the end of our study ( p =0.709). Conclusions: The negligible difference in caries increment between the HRI and HRB groups implies that intensified prevention produced minimal additional benefit. Offering all children only basic prevention could have obtained virtually the same preventive effect with substantially less effort and lower cost. Trial registration: Thai Clinical Trials Registry (TCTR), TCTR20180124001. Registered 24 January 2018 - Retrospectively registered, https://www.clinicaltrials.in.th/TCTR20180124001.

scholarly journals Electrocoagulation with greased lidocaine gel 2% as hemostatic maneuver after minimally invasive partial nephrectomy: Experimental and preliminary clinical results

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 019-023
Author(s):  
Panico Vinicius JA ◽  
Simardi Lucila H ◽  
Faria Eliney F ◽  
Sotelo Rene ◽  
Suarez Ruben ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Partial Nephrectomy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Experimental Phase ◽  
Clinical Phase ◽  
Lidocaine Gel ◽  
Resection Area ◽  
Kidney Resection

Methods: Experimental phase: Performed a partial nephrectomy off clamp in pig model followed by cauterization of lidocaine gel 2% with different power (control, 30W, 50W and 100W) in the kidney resection bed to evaluate efficacy and deep injury extension. Clinical phase: 20 patients submitted to laparoscopic or partial nephrectomy for low risk RENAL score were utilized greased lidocaine gel 2% with 50W in cautery scalpel to hemostasis of renal parenchima to validate efficacy and safety. Results: Experimental study shows that this technique is effective and promote better hemostasis with 50W and 100W, with deep injury of less than 3 mm. Clinical study confirm efficacy, good control of hemorrage, few complications and no transfusion. Minimal changes in hematocrit, haemoglobin and creatinine were observed. Conclusion: In this preliminary experience the use of this new alternative to hemostasis for low risk partial nephrectomy was satisfactory and with good intra and postoperative results. The best advantages were safety in terms of the depth thermal injury, low cost and absence of artifacts over the resection area observed at CT scan postoperatively.

scholarly journals Should preoperative showering or cleansing with chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) be part of the surgical care bundle to prevent surgical site infection?

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 311-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles E Edmiston ◽  
David Leaper
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Surgical Care ◽  
Infection Risk ◽  
Chlorhexidine Gluconate ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Care Bundle ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Methodological Issues

Showering preoperatively with chlorhexidine gluconate is an issue that continues to promote debate; however, many studies demonstrate evidence of surgical site infection risk reduction. Methodological issues have been present in many of the studies used to compile guidelines and there has been a lack of standardisation of processes for application of the active agents in papers pre-2009. This review and commentary paper highlights the potential for enhancing compliance with this low-risk and low-cost intervention and provides some guidance for enhancing implementation of preoperative showering with both chlorhexidine in solution and impregnated wipes.

A flutter prediction method with low cost and low risk from test data

2019 ◽  
Vol 86 ◽  
pp. 542-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiwei Zhang ◽  
Zhen Lv ◽  
Qiangqiang Diwu ◽  
Huashou Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Test Data ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Prediction Method ◽  
Low Risk
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