CFD Analysis of Thermal Control in a Vortex Tube Based Polymerase Chain Reaction Chamber

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Raghavan ◽  
Scott Whitney ◽  
Ryan Ebmeier ◽  
Nisha Padhye ◽  
Michael Nelson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Vortex Tube ◽  
Thermal Control ◽  
Reaction Chamber ◽  
Cfd Analysis ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Polymerase chain reaction with phase change as intrinsic thermal control

2013 ◽  
Vol 102 (17) ◽  
pp. 173701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Fan Hsieh ◽  
Eri Yonezawa ◽  
Long-Sheng Kuo ◽  
Shiou-Hwei Yeh ◽  
Pei-Jer Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Phase Change ◽  
Thermal Control ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Thermal Analysis of a Micro-Polymerase Chain Reaction Device

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Punch ◽  
Bryan Rodgers ◽  
David Newport ◽  
Mark Davies
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Closed Form Solution ◽  
Thermal Control ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Temperature Cycling ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Micro-scale polymerase chain reaction (micro-PCR) systems offer substantial advantages over macro-scale systems. Smaller sample volumes are required, and faster process times are feasible. Thermal control of micro-PCR systems is a substantial technical challenge, however. The PCR process requires the fluid sample to be cycled through three temperature ranges — typically 90–95°C, 50–65°C and 72–77°C for denaturation, hybridisation and replication respectively. Durations of the three steps are required to be in the ratio of 4:4:9. In this paper, the thermal analysis of a continuous flow micro-PCR device is reported. The objective of the analysis is to optimize the thermal performance of the device for fast amplification cycles with high efficiency - an efficient PCR features rapid heating and cooling between steps, and good temperature uniformity within each step. The device comprises an array of parallel microchannels formed within a polypropylene substrate to carry fluid, with the base of the substrate mounted on an aluminium carrier. Substrate depth is 500 micron, and each channel is 60 micron wide by 40 micron deep. Thermoelectric cells (TECs) are bonded to the carrier, and powered by a thermoelectric controller with feedback from sensors embedded in the carrier. A Pyrex Glass slide is bonded to the substrate to form closed channels. Arrays of film heaters mounted on the slide adjacent to the channel are used to establish the required temperature regions along the channel. By pumping the fluid at a fixed flow rate, temperature cycling of specific period is achieved. Thermal analysis of the substrate is performed using an approximate closed-form solution, in conjunction with Finite Element (FE) and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations. The analysis is used to conduct a parametric study in order to determine the optimum configurations of substrate materials, cooling conditions, heaters and flow rates required to impose specific temperature cycles. The use of thermoelectric cells is shown to increase the rate of change of temperature between the various regions, improving the efficiency and decreasing the cycle time of the PCR process. Cycle times of 6s or less are shown to be feasible, yielding benefits in time saved for multiple amplifications. Finally, the analysis is also used to identify the dimensionless parameters which govern the thermal characteristics of the device, illustrating the importance of the Biot number.

High performance Nanogold™-in situ hybridzation and its use in the detection of hybridized and PCR-amplified microscopical preparations

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 896-897
Author(s):  
G. W. Hacker ◽  
I. Zehbe ◽  
J. Hainfeld ◽  
A.-H. Graf ◽  
C. Hauser-Kronberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Direct Methods ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Protein Encoding ◽  
Polymerase Chain

In situ hybridization (ISH) with biotin-labeled probes is increasingly used in histology, histopathology and molecular biology, to detect genetic nucleic acid sequences of interest, such as viruses, genetic alterations and peptide-/protein-encoding messenger RNA (mRNA). In situ polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (PCR in situ hybridization = PISH) and the new in situ self-sustained sequence replication-based amplification (3SR) method even allow the detection of single copies of DNA or RNA in cytological and histological material. However, there is a number of considerable problems with the in situ PCR methods available today: False positives due to mis-priming of DNA breakdown products contained in several types of cells causing non-specific incorporation of label in direct methods, and re-diffusion artefacts of amplicons into previously negative cells have been observed. To avoid these problems, super-sensitive ISH procedures can be used, and it is well known that the sensitivity and outcome of these methods partially depend on the detection system used.

1504: Molecular Diagnosis and Staging of Prostate Cancer Using Clusterin in Real Time Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR)

2006 ◽  
Vol 175 (4S) ◽  
pp. 485-486
Author(s):  
Sabarinath B. Nair ◽  
Christodoulos Pipinikas ◽  
Roger Kirby ◽  
Nick Carter ◽  
Christiane Fenske
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Molecular Diagnosis ◽  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain
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