scholarly journals Force, Surface Pressure, and Flowfield Measurements on a Slender Missile Configuration with Square Cross-Section at Supersonic Speeds

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Wilcox ◽  
T. Birch ◽  
J. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Surface Pressure

Self-assembled mesoscopic surface domains of fluorocarbon–hydrocarbon diblocks can form at zero surface pressure: tilting of solid-like hydrocarbon moieties compensates for cross-section mismatch with fluorocarbon moieties

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (35) ◽  
pp. 23809-23816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Schwieger ◽  
Xianhe Liu ◽  
Marie Pierre Krafft
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Surface Pressure ◽  
Alkyl Chains ◽  
Self Assembled ◽  
Surface Domains

Surface domains of C8F17C16H33 exist at zero surface pressure with solid-like alkyl chains stretched in an all-trans configuration, shown using IRRAS.

Measurement of the Mean Pressure Distribution About a Double-wedge Strut in Turbulent Shear Flow

1974 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
J T Turner ◽  
M H Turner ◽  
K J Williams
Keyword(s):  
Shear Flow ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Drag Force ◽  
Surface Pressure ◽  
Velocity Variation ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Double Wedge ◽  
Maximum Thickness ◽  
Pressure Distributions ◽  
Upstream Flow

SummarySurface pressure distributions have been measured on a cylinder with a double-wedge cross section in a two-dimensional channel flow. The flow is sheared in the direction of the cylinder axis, using a grid of parallel wires with variable spacing, in order to simulate the type of geometry and velocity variation which occur for annulus support struts in turbomachines. The strut had a 38° included angle at the leading and trailing edges and an aspect ratio of 1.33 based on the maximum thickness. This was fixed between the parallel walls of a rectangular wind tunnel with end leakage eliminated. Surface pressure distributions were measured over a Reynolds number range of 0.5 × 105 to 1.5 × 105 for three different shear flow conditions. Despite the presence of sharp edges at the mid-chord position, delayed boundary-layer separation beyond the plane of maximum thickness has been found for sufficiently high spanwise shear in the upstream flow. Surprisingly, therefore, some similarity with previous results for struts of circular cross section appears to exist. The influence of the shear flow conditions on the pressure drag force has been determined by numerical integration of the data. Only a slight dependence on the upstream flow conditions is found, although the effect of secondary velocity components may still be observed if the spanwise variations in the local drag force are examined.

Effects of Geometric Parameters on the Inner Surface Pressure of Elbow Pipe and the Establishment of Pressure Model

2012 ◽  
Vol 252 ◽  
pp. 111-115
Author(s):  
Xiao Yang Lu ◽  
Xiao Li Lu ◽  
Li Li Huang ◽  
Jin Ming Liu ◽  
Ying Yue Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Surface Pressure ◽  
Structural Design ◽  
Geometric Parameters ◽  
Computational Formula ◽  
Bending Angle ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Inner Surface ◽  
Fluent Software ◽  
Inner Diameter

Elbows of oil pipeline were adopted to study the effect of the variation of the geometric parameters of the inner diameter d, bending degree k =R/d and bending angle A on the distribution regularity of the inner surface pressure, with the simulation by the FLUENT software. Based on the analysis, the pressure computational formula on the dangerous cross section α=45° was built by using 1stOpt software. The values computed by the formula agree well with the ones simulated by FLUENT, which lays the groundwork for strength check and structural design of the elbow pipe.

PIV Measurements in the Wake of a Cactus Shaped Cylinder

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Karaki ◽  
J. Abboud ◽  
N. Daher ◽  
M. Osman ◽  
G. Oweis
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Surface Pressure ◽  
Similar Model ◽  
Similar Form ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Piv Measurements ◽  
Circular Section ◽  
Surface Pressure Distribution ◽  
The Mean

The flow field past a cylindrical model with a cactus-shaped cross section is investigated in a wind tunnel. The velocity field in the immediate wake just aft of the cylinder and the surface pressure distribution are measured. The data from the cactus model are compared to a similar model with a circular section. The mean flow patterns have generally a similar form for the two geometries. However, there are differences in the surface pressure distribution and the turbulent velocity levels in the wake.

XUV Absorption Spectra of Carbon Ions

1988 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 71-73
Author(s):  
E. Jannitti ◽  
P. Nicolosi ◽  
G. Tondello
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Spectra ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Photoionization Cross Section ◽  
Carbon Ions

AbstractThe photoabsorption spectra of the carbon ions have been obtained by using two laser-produced plasmas. The photoionization cross-section of the CV has been absolutely measured and the value at threshold, σ=(4.7±0.5) × 10−19cm2, as well as its behaviour at higher energies agrees quite well with the theoretical calculations.

Elastic Scattering in Electron Microscopy

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 252-253
Author(s):  
J. Langmore ◽  
M. Isaacson ◽  
J. Wall ◽  
A. V. Crewe
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Elastic Scattering ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Quantum Noise ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Elastic Cross Section ◽  
Biological Molecules ◽  
Dark Field Microscopy ◽  
Field Systems ◽  
Effects Of Radiation

High resolution dark field microscopy is becoming an important tool for the investigation of unstained and specifically stained biological molecules. Of primary consideration to the microscopist is the interpretation of image Intensities and the effects of radiation damage to the specimen. Ignoring inelastic scattering, the image intensity is directly related to the collected elastic scattering cross section, σɳ, which is the product of the total elastic cross section, σ and the eficiency of the microscope system at imaging these electrons, η. The number of potentially bond damaging events resulting from the beam exposure required to reduce the effect of quantum noise in the image to a given level is proportional to 1/η. We wish to compare η in three dark field systems.

A New Approach to the Demonstration of Oxidase-Localization Using Tannic Acid Or Catechin

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 698-699
Author(s):  
V. Mizuhira ◽  
Y. Futaesaku
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Elastic Fiber ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Tissue Block ◽  
Active Reaction ◽  
The Cross

Previously we reported that tannic acid is a very effective fixative for proteins including polypeptides. Especially, in the cross section of microtubules, thirteen submits in A-tubule and eleven in B-tubule could be observed very clearly. An elastic fiber could be demonstrated very clearly, as an electron opaque, homogeneous fiber. However, tannic acid did not penetrate into the deep portion of the tissue-block. So we tried Catechin. This shows almost the same chemical natures as that of proteins, as tannic acid. Moreover, we thought that catechin should have two active-reaction sites, one is phenol,and the other is catechole. Catechole site should react with osmium, to make Os- black. Phenol-site should react with peroxidase existing perhydroxide.

Electron Irradiation Effects in Polyoxymethylene Crystals Grown Inside Trioxane Crystals

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 78-79
Author(s):  
J. P. Colson ◽  
D. H. Reneker
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
The Other ◽  
Electron Micrograph ◽  
Irradiation Effects ◽  
Threefold Axis ◽  
Typical Sample ◽  
Polymer Crystals ◽  
Chain Axis

Polyoxymethylene (POM) crystals grow inside trioxane crystals which have been irradiated and heated to a temperature slightly below their melting point. Figure 1 shows a low magnification electron micrograph of a group of such POM crystals. Detailed examination at higher magnification showed that three distinct types of POM crystals grew in a typical sample. The three types of POM crystals were distinguished by the direction that the polymer chain axis in each crystal made with respect to the threefold axis of the trioxane crystal. These polyoxymethylene crystals were described previously.At low magnifications the three types of polymer crystals appeared as slender rods. One type had a hexagonal cross section and the other two types had rectangular cross sections, that is, they were ribbonlike.

Freeze-Fracture Replication of Frozen Outer Segments of Rat Retinal Rods

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 392-393
Author(s):  
Thomas S. Leeson ◽  
C. Roland Leeson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Outer Segment ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Outer Segments ◽  
Retinal Rods ◽  
Temperature Electron ◽  
Freeze Etching

Numerous previous studies of outer segments of retinal receptors have demonstrated a complex internal structure of a series of transversely orientated membranous lamellae, discs, or saccules. In cones, these lamellae probably are invaginations of the covering plasma membrane. In rods, however, they appear to be isolated and separate discs although some authors report interconnections and some continuities with the surface near the base of the outer segment, i.e. toward the inner segment. In some species, variations have been reported, such as longitudinally orientated lamellae and lamellar whorls. In cross section, the discs or saccules show one or more incisures. The saccules probably contain photolabile pigment, with resulting potentials after dipole formation during bleaching of pigment. Continuity between the lamina of rod saccules and extracellular space may be necessary for the detection of dipoles, although such continuity usually is not found by electron microscopy. Particles on the membranes have been found by low angle X-ray diffraction, by low temperature electron microscopy and by freeze-etching techniques.

A quantitative approach to inner shell losses

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 526-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.D. Leapman ◽  
P. Rez ◽  
D.F. Mayers
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transfer ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Background Intensity ◽  
Core Excitation ◽  
Quantitative Basis ◽  
Cross Section Differential ◽  
Bound Electrons

Microanalysis by EELS has been developing rapidly and though the general form of the spectrum is now understood there is a need to put the technique on a more quantitative basis (1,2). Certain aspects important for microanalysis include: (i) accurate determination of the partial cross sections, σx(α,ΔE) for core excitation when scattering lies inside collection angle a and energy range ΔE above the edge, (ii) behavior of the background intensity due to excitation of less strongly bound electrons, necessary for extrapolation beneath the signal of interest, (iii) departures from the simple hydrogenic K-edge seen in L and M losses, effecting σx and complicating microanalysis. Such problems might be approached empirically but here we describe how computation can elucidate the spectrum shape.The inelastic cross section differential with respect to energy transfer E and momentum transfer q for electrons of energy E0 and velocity v can be written as

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