Initial Plasma Experiments in the Gasdynamic Mirror Fusion Propulsion Engine Experiment

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syri Koelfgen ◽  
Clark Hawk ◽  
William Emrich ◽  
Francis Thio
Keyword(s):  
Initial Plasma ◽  
Gasdynamic Mirror

Dose COVID-19 Uncovered a New Feature of Metronidazole Drug?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Seyedhamzeh ◽  
Bahareh Farasati Far ◽  
Mehdi Shafiee Ardestani ◽  
Shahrzad Javanshir ◽  
Fatemeh Aliabadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Virtual Screening ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Initial Plasma ◽  
New Feature ◽  
Metronidazole Benzoate ◽  
Global Health Problem ◽  
A Current ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Studies of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a current global health problem shown the initial plasma levels of most pro-inflammatory cytokines increased during the infection, which leads to patient countless complications. Previous studies also demonstrated that the metronidazole (MTZ) administration reduced related cytokines and improved treatment in patients. However, the effect of this drug on cytokines has not been determined. In the present study, the interaction of MTZ with cytokines was investigated using molecular docking as one of the principal methods in drug discovery and design. According to the obtained results, the IL12-metronidazole complex is more stable than other cytokines, and an increase in the surface and volume leads to prevent to bind to receptors. Moreover, ligand-based virtual screening of several libraries showed metronidazole phosphate, metronidazole benzoate, 1-[1-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-5- nitroimidazol-2-yl]-N-methylmethanimine oxide, acyclovir, and tetrahydrobiopterin (THB or BH4) like MTZ by changing the surface and volume prevents binding IL-12 to the receptor. Finally, the inhibition of the active sites of IL-12 occurred by modifying the position of the methyl and hydroxyl functional groups in MTZ. <br>

IMPACT probability of poor outcome and plasma cytokine concentrations are associated with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome following traumatic brain injury

2019 ◽  
Vol 131 (6) ◽  
pp. 1931-1937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sungho Lee ◽  
Hyunsoo Hwang ◽  
Jose-Miguel Yamal ◽  
J. Clay Goodman ◽  
Imoigele P. Aisiku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Organ Dysfunction ◽  
Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome ◽  
Sofa Score ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Multiple Organ Dysfunction ◽  
Poor Outcome ◽  
Initial Plasma

OBJECTIVETraumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) occurs frequently after TBI and independently worsens outcome. The present study aimed to identify potential admission characteristics associated with post-TBI MODS.METHODSThe authors performed a secondary analysis of a recent randomized clinical trial studying the effects of erythropoietin and blood transfusion threshold on neurological recovery after TBI. Admission clinical, demographic, laboratory, and imaging parameters were used in a multivariable Cox regression analysis to identify independent risk factors for MODS following TBI, defined as maximum total Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score > 7 within 10 days of TBI.RESULTSTwo hundred patients were initially recruited and 166 were included in the final analysis. Respiratory dysfunction was the most common nonneurological organ system dysfunction, occurring in 62% of the patients. International Mission for Prognosis and Analysis of Clinical Trials (IMPACT) probability of poor outcome at admission was significantly associated with MODS following TBI (odds ratio [OR] 8.88, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.94–42.68, p < 0.05). However, more commonly used measures of TBI severity, such as the Glasgow Coma Scale, Injury Severity Scale, and Marshall classification, were not associated with post-TBI MODS. In addition, initial plasma concentrations of interleukin (IL)–6, IL-8, and IL-10 were significantly associated with the development of MODS (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.20–1.80, p < 0.001 for IL-6; OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.01–1.58, p = 0.042 for IL-8; OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.24–2.53, p = 0.002 for IL-10) as well as individual organ dysfunction (SOFA component score ≥ 1). Finally, MODS following TBI was significantly associated with mortality (OR 5.95, 95% CI 2.18–19.14, p = 0.001), and SOFA score was significantly associated with poor outcome at 6 months (Glasgow Outcome Scale score < 4) when analyzed as a continuous variable (OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.06–1.40, p = 0.006).CONCLUSIONSAdmission IMPACT probability of poor outcome and initial plasma concentrations of IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 were associated with MODS following TBI.

scholarly journals The Insulin Receptor Mediates Insulin’s Early Plasma Clearance by Liver, Muscle, and Kidney

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Rick I. Meijer ◽  
Eugene J. Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Receptor ◽  
Plasma Clearance ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Insulin Clearance ◽  
Initial Plasma ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Initial Clearance

The role of the insulin receptor in mediating tissue-specific insulin clearance in vivo has not been reported. Using physiologic insulin doses, we measured the initial clearance rate (first 5 min) of intravenously injected ([125I]TyrA14)-insulin by muscle, liver, and kidney in healthy rats in the presence and absence of the insulin receptor blocker S961. We also tested whether 4 weeks of high-fat diet (HFD) affected the initial rate of insulin clearance. Pre-treatment with S961 for 60 min prior to administering labeled insulin raised plasma ([125I]TyrA14)insulin concentration approximately 5-fold (p < 0.001), demonstrating receptor dependency for plasma insulin clearance. Uptake by muscle (p < 0.01), liver (p < 0.05), and kidney (p < 0.001) were each inhibited by receptor blockade, undoubtedly contributing to the reduced plasma clearance. The initial plasma insulin clearance was not significantly affected by HFD, nor was muscle-specific clearance. However, HFD modestly decreased liver clearance (p = 0.056) while increasing renal clearance by >50% (p < 0.01), suggesting a significant role for renal insulin clearance in limiting the hyperinsulinemia that accompanies HFD. We conclude that the insulin receptor is a major mediator of initial insulin clearance from plasma and for its clearance by liver, kidney, and muscle. HFD feeding increases renal insulin clearance to limit systemic hyperinsulinemia.

Effects of Intravenous Infusion of Autonomic Agents on Peripheral Blood 17-Hydroxycorticosteroid Levels in the Dog

1956 ◽  
Vol 186 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Theresa Harwood ◽  
John W. Mason
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Intravenous Infusion ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Initial Plasma

The effects of autonomic agents on anterior pituitary-adrenal cortical axis in dogs were studied. 17-hydroxycorticosteroids (17-OH-CS), determined by Nelson-Samuels method, and eosinophils, by Randolph procedure, were measured in normal animals and following saline, ACTH, l-epinephrine, l-norepinephrine and physostigmine. Concentrations of 17-OH-CS three to four times the initial plasma levels were achieved by ACTH (0.4–4.0 mg/kg). Epinephrine (0.12 mg/kg) caused approximately twofold increases. Norepinephrine (0.017 mg/kg) and physostigmine (0.05 mg/kg) had no effect on 17-OH-CS concentration. Marked eosinopenia resulted from ACTH, epinephrine and physostigmine.

Spreading of the initial plasma of triggered vacuum switch

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinru Sun ◽  
Xueling Yao ◽  
Wenjun Xu ◽  
Jingliang Chen ◽  
Yi Wu
Keyword(s):  
Vacuum Switch ◽  
Initial Plasma

Behavior of the Initial Plasma in AMBAL-M

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (2T) ◽  
pp. 89-91
Author(s):  
T.D. Akhmetov ◽  
V.I. Davydenko ◽  
Yu.V. Kovalenko ◽  
A.S. Krivenko ◽  
V.V. Razorenov
Keyword(s):  
Initial Plasma

Influence of Anthropometric Characteristics in Patients With Her2-Positive Breast Cancer on Initial Plasma Concentrations of Trastuzumab

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. 976-980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan González García ◽  
Fernando Gutiérrez Nicolás ◽  
Gloria Julia Nazco Casariego ◽  
José Norberto Batista López ◽  
Isaac Ceballos Lenza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Standard Dose ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Her2 Positive ◽  
Her2 Positive Breast Cancer ◽  
Initial Plasma ◽  
Anthropometric Characteristics ◽  
Secondary Objective ◽  
Positive Breast Cancer

Background: Plasma concentrations of trastuzumab <20 µg/mL in patients with gastric cancer are associated with reduced progression-free and overall survival. In breast cancer treatment, this relationship has not yet been studied, but a suboptimal pharmacodynamic exposure to trastuzumab could be a reason for therapeutic failure of treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer. Objective: The objective of the present study was to determine the proportion of nonmetastatic HER2-positive breast cancers that do not reach a minimum plasma concentration ( Cmin) of 20 µg/mL after first drug administration, established as therapeutically effective in clinical trials. The secondary objective was to identify the physiological and anthropometric characteristics that determine interindividual pharmacokinetic variability. Methods: Serum concentrations of trastuzumab were assessed by ELISA on day 1 of the second cycle before administration of the second dose ( Cmin). Results: Of 19 patients included, 9 (47.4%) had a mean Cmin of 19.0 µg/mL (±12.1) after the first administration. Body mass index (BMI) and weight was the main variable that determined the achievement of therapeutic levels after the first administration. Thus, the proportion of patients reaching the target concentration was 89% when BMI was ≤30 kg/m2 but only 11% when BMI was >30 kg/m2 ( P < 0.01). Conclusions: The standard dose of 600 mg subcutaneous trastuzumab did not ensure adequate pharmacodynamic exposure from the first administration in 52% of patients, with weight and BMI being related to the plasma levels obtained.

scholarly journals Linear dependence of surface expansion speed on initial plasma temperature in warm dense matter

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Bang ◽  
B. J. Albright ◽  
P. A. Bradley ◽  
E. L. Vold ◽  
J. C. Boettger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Dependence ◽  
Plasma Temperature ◽  
Dense Matter ◽  
Warm Dense Matter ◽  
Initial Plasma ◽  
Expansion Speed ◽  
Surface Expansion
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