A design procedure for subscale airfoils with full-scale leading edges for ice accretion testing

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farooq Saeed ◽  
Michael Selig ◽  
Michael Bragg
Keyword(s):  
Design Procedure ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Ice Accretion ◽  
Leading Edges

Design of Subscale Airfoils with Full-Scale Leading Edges for Ice Accretion Testing

1997 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farooq Saeed ◽  
Michael S. Selig ◽  
Michael B. Bragg
Keyword(s):  
Full Scale ◽  
Ice Accretion ◽  
Leading Edges

Hybrid Airfoil Design Procedure Validation for Full-Scale Ice Accretion Simulation

1999 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 769-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farooq Saeed ◽  
Michael S. Selig ◽  
Michael B. Bragg
Keyword(s):  
Design Procedure ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Ice Accretion

Aerobic sludge digestion—a suggested design procedure

1981 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
D. S. Mavinic ◽  
D. A. Koers
Keyword(s):  
Design Procedure ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Plant Design ◽  
Sludge Digestion ◽  
Kinetic Coefficients ◽  
Aerobic Sludge

With high-rate activated sludge as feed, various modes of digestion were studied on a laboratory scale at 20, 10, and 5 °C. This study was performed to develop design guidelines, operating criteria, and kinetic coefficients for low-temperature aerobic sludge digestion. To develop a possible scale factor for extrapolation of laboratory results to full-scale conditions, a field evaluation program was conducted to collect and analyze full-scale data from three independent sources.In this manuscript a summary of previously published data, as well as some of the latest research findings, have been presented. In addition, this paper outlines a new design procedure for use in "sizing" a typical aerobic digester; as well, a method for determination of oxygen requirements in the digester tanks is described.This design procedure is based primarily on a graphical solution involving several variables, whereby the percentage reduction of volatile suspended solids is plotted against the product of temperature and sludge age. Included in this presentation is a comparison between the use (and misuse) of kinetic data in traditional design procedures. The design methodology presented has already proven to be a valuable and cost-effective tool, especially for cold-climate package plant design.

scholarly journals A Parametric Design Method for Hybrid Airfoils for Icing Wind Tunnel Test

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Zhao Li ◽  
Guang-jun Yang ◽  
Xiao-yan Tong ◽  
Feng Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Flow Field ◽  
Parametric Design ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Pressure Coefficient ◽  
Wind Tunnel Test ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Ice Accretion ◽  
Multiple Control

The size of aircraft models that can be tested in icing wind tunnels is limited by the dimensions of the facilities in present; it is an effective method to replace the large model with a hybrid airfoil to carry out the experiment. A design method of multiple control points for hybrid airfoil based on the similarity of flow field in the leading edge of airfoil is proposed. Aiming at generating the full-scale flow field and ice accretion on the leading edge, multiobjective genetic optimization algorithm is used to design the hybrid airfoil under different conditions by combining the airfoil parameterization and solution of spatial constraint. Pressure tests of hybrid airfoils are carried out and compared with the leading edge pressure of the corresponding full-scale airfoils. The design and experimental results show that the pressure coefficient deviation between the hybrid airfoils designed and the corresponding full-scale airfoil in the 15% chord length range of the leading edge is within 4%. Finally, the vortex distribution and ice accretion process of the two airfoils were simulated by the unsteady Reynolds-averaged-Navier–Stokes (URANS) equations and multistep ice numerical method; it is shown that the hybrid airfoil can provide the same vortex distribution and ice accretion with the full-scale airfoil.

scholarly journals Scaling Method of the Rotating Blade of a Wind Turbine for a Rime Ice Wind Tunnel Test

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Li ◽  
Ce Sun ◽  
Yu Jiang ◽  
Fang Feng
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Wind Tunnel Test ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Similar Degree ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Ice Accretion ◽  
Water Droplets ◽  
Scaling Method

In order to research the law of rime ice accretion on different scaling blades surface, a new rime ice scaling method was proposed in this research. According to previous research, there are three kinds of ice types on blade surfaces: rime ice, glaze ice and mixed ice. Under the condition of rime ice, both the freezing fraction and the coefficient of heat transfer between super-cold water droplets and blade are 100%. The heat transfer model of rime ice is simpler than that of glaze ice and mixed ice. In this research, the scaling parameters including flow field, water droplets, temperature, pressure and rotating parameters were defined. The Weber number (We) based on water film thickness as an important parameter was applied in this study. The rotating parameters including rotating speed and radius had been added into the icing scaling method. To verify the effectiveness of the new rime ice scaling method, icing wind tunnel tests were carried out. The NACA0018 airfoil was used for the test blade. Two kinds of scale chord blades were selected, the chord of full-scale blade was 200 mm and of subscale blade was 100 mm. The test temperature was −15 °C. The ice accretion on different scale blades surface were captured by high-speed camera and the icing shapes of different scaling blades were obtained. To quantitatively analyze the similar degree of icing shapes on different scale blades, an evaluation method which included similar degree (Sim) was established based on the typical characteristic parameters proposed by previous research. The results show that the icing shapes of subscale blades are similar to that of full-scale blades. The similar degree is between 75.22% and 93.01%. The icing wind tunnel test indicates that the new rime ice scaling method is an effective method to study the rime ice of large scale rotating blades. This study can be used as a reference for research on anti-icing and de-icing technologies for large-scale HAWTs (Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines).

MODELLING OF OXYGEN TRANSFER IN DEEP DIFFUSED-AERATION TANKS AND COMPARISON WITH FULL-SCALE PLANT DATA

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 71-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Johannes Pöpel ◽  
Martin Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Transfer ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Gas Transfer ◽  
Diffusion Systems ◽  
Plant Data ◽  
Air Diffusion ◽  
Good Agreement

In upgrading or extending activated sludge treatment plants, there is a trend to apply deeper (8 to 12 m) aeration tanks than until now (4 to 6 m). Such tanks consume less area, need less air and produce less off-gas. Sometimes, a greater aeration efficiency (kg O2/kWh) and hence energy savings are expected. On the other hand, there is not sufficient experience to safely design air diffusion systems for deep tanks. Based on the physics of gas transfer, a model for simulation of oxygen transfer in deep tanks is developed. The simulated data allow quantitative conclusions with respect to the potential advantages stated above. According to the model, a reduction of the required air flow is considerable up to depth of some 15 m but energy savings cannot be expected. The model is verified using 98 full-scale plant measurements at various tank depths. The comparison shows a good agreement between simulated and actual data. Further investigations are required to support the model at greater depth and to enable a safe design procedure for air diffusion systems in deep tanks.

Numerical study for impact resistant design of full scale arch type reinforced concrete structures under falling weight impact test

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 1275-1283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Qadir Bhatti ◽  
Shameem Khatoon ◽  
Aamir Mehmood ◽  
Abid Dastgir ◽  
Norimitsu Kishi
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Impact Test ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Rc Structures ◽  
Weight Impact ◽  
Current Impact ◽  
Falling Weight

In this paper, a falling-weight impact test using full scale arch type reinforced concrete (RC) structures was conducted to verify a proposed impact response analysis method. The applicability of the numerical analysis method was confirmed by comparison with the experimental results. The validity of the current impact resistant design procedure to the performance based design procedure was investigated using the proposed numerical analysis method. From this study, it is confirmed that by applying the current impact resistant design procedure, a performance based impact resistant design with a sufficient safety margin may be obtained for the full scale arch type RC structures.

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