Biological research on a Space Station

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. KRIKORIAN ◽  
CATHERINE JOHNSON
Keyword(s):  
Space Station ◽  
Biological Research

Space Station Biological Research Project Habitat: Incubator

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Nakamura ◽  
M. Kirven-Brooks ◽  
N. M. Scheller
Keyword(s):  
Space Station ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Research Project

The Space Station Biological Research Project - Habitat development and capabilities

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beverly Girten ◽  
Orlando Santos ◽  
Esther Hill ◽  
Melissa Kirven-Brooks ◽  
Frances Donovan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Space Station ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Habitat Development

Biological research on Space Station Freedom

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. CHAMBERS ◽  
P. STABEKIS ◽  
R. TEETER
Keyword(s):  
Space Station ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Space Station Freedom

scholarly journals Evaluating the long-term effect of space radiation on the reproductive normality of mammalian sperm preserved on the International Space Station

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (24) ◽  
pp. eabg5554
Author(s):  
Sayaka Wakayama ◽  
Daiyu Ito ◽  
Yuko Kamada ◽  
Toru Shimazu ◽  
Tomomi Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Space Station ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Space Radiation ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Deep Space ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
International Space ◽  
Freeze Dried

Space radiation may cause DNA damage to cells and concern for the inheritance of mutations in offspring after deep space exploration. However, there is no way to study the long-term effects of space radiation using biological materials. Here, we developed a method to evaluate the biological effect of space radiation and examined the reproductive potential of mouse freeze-dried spermatozoa stored on the International Space Station (ISS) for the longest period in biological research. The space radiation did not affect sperm DNA or fertility after preservation on ISS, and many genetically normal offspring were obtained without reducing the success rate compared to the ground-preserved control. The results of ground x-ray experiments showed that sperm can be stored for more than 200 years in space. These results suggest that the effect of deep space radiation on mammalian reproduction can be evaluated using spermatozoa, even without being monitored by astronauts in Gateway.

[Reply to “Space Station?”] Yes, for biological research

Eos ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 68 (45) ◽  
pp. 1579
Author(s):  
Richard S. Young
Keyword(s):  
Space Station ◽  
Biological Research

scholarly journals Methods for On-Orbit Germination of Arabidopsis thaliana for Proteomic Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Sarahann Hutchinson ◽  
Proma Basu ◽  
Sarah E. Wyatt ◽  
Darron R. Luesse
Keyword(s):  
Proteomic Analysis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Temperature Growth ◽  
Proteomic Approach ◽  
Crowding Stress ◽  
The Impact

AbstractLarge-scale omics approaches make excellent choices for research aboard the International Space Station (ISS) because they provide large amounts of data that can be continually mined even after the original research has been completed. A proteomic approach can provide information about which proteins are produced, degraded, or post-translationally modified, potentially shedding light on cellular strategies that cannot be discerned from transcriptomic data. To collect sufficient tissue from a Biological Research In Canisters (BRIC)-grown experiment on the ISS for proteomic analysis, several modifications were made to existing protocols. Approximately 800–1000 seeds were housed in each Petri Dish Fixation Units (PDFU). These were germinated up to 120 h after planting by transferring the BRIC from cold stasis to room temperature. Growth continued for only 72 h after germination to allow sufficient tissue for extraction, and to minimize the impact of ethylene and crowding stress. Seedlings were then exposed to RNAlater®. Results indicate that RNAlater® - treated Arabidopsis seedlings yield an equal amount of protein to those flash-frozen in liquid nitrogen.

scholarly journals Design and Validation of a Device for Mitigating Fluid Microgravity Effects in Biological Research in Canister Spaceflight Hardware

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne L. Nicholson ◽  
Patricia Fajardo-Cavazos ◽  
Caleb Turner ◽  
Taylor M. Currie ◽  
Geoffrey Gregory ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Microgravity Environment ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Ground Control ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Transcriptomic Response ◽  
Liquid Cultures ◽  
Control Samples

The major factor influencing the behavior of microbes growing in liquids in space is microgravity. We recently measured the transcriptomic response of the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis to the microgravity environment inside the International Space Station (ISS) in spaceflight hardware called Biological Research in Canisters-Petri Dish Fixation Units (BRIC-PDFUs). In two separate experiments in the ISS, dubbed BRIC-21 and BRIC-23, we grew multiple replicates of the same B. subtilis strain in the same hardware, growth medium, and temperature with matching ground control samples (npj Micrograv. 5:1.2019, doi: 10.1038/s41526-018-0061-0). In both experiments we observed similar responses of the transcriptome to spaceflight. However, we also noted that the liquid cultures assumed a different configuration in microgravity (a toroidal shape) compared with the ground control samples (a flat disc shape), leading us to question whether the transcriptome differences we observed were a direct result of microgravity, or a secondary result of the different liquid geometries of the samples affecting, for example, oxygen availability. To mitigate the influence of microgravity on liquid geometry in BRIC canisters, we have designed an insert to replace the standard 60-mm Petri dish in BRIC-PDFU or BRIC-LED sample compartments. In this design, liquid cultures are expected to assume a more disk-like configuration regardless of gravity or its absence. We have: (i) constructed a prototype device by 3D printing; (ii) evaluated different starting materials, treatments, and coatings for their wettability (i.e., hydrophilicity) using contact angle measurements; (iii) confirmed that the device performs as designed by drop-tower testing and; (iv) performed material biocompatibility studies using liquid cultures of Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Future microgravity testing of the device in the ISS is planned.

Experimental Determination of the Effective Resolution Limit in Thick Specimens at High Voltages

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 664-665
Author(s):  
Mircea Fotino
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Specimen Thickness ◽  
Resolution Limit ◽  
High Voltage Electron Microscopy ◽  
Voltage Electron ◽  
Resolution Level

The use of thick specimens (0.5 μm to 5.0 μm or more) is one of the most resourceful applications of high-voltage electron microscopy in biological research. However, the energy loss experienced by the electron beam in the specimen results in chromatic aberration and thus in a deterioration of the effective resolving power. This sets a limit to the maximum usable specimen thickness when investigating structures requiring a certain resolution level.An experimental approach is here described in which the deterioration of the resolving power as a function of specimen thickness is determined. In a manner similar to the Rayleigh criterion in which two image points are considered resolved at the resolution limit when their profiles overlap such that the minimum of one coincides with the maximum of the other, the resolution attainable in thick sections can be measured by the distance from minimum to maximum (or, equivalently, from 10% to 90% maximum) of the broadened profile of a well-defined step-like object placed on the specimen.

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