The study on the interdependence of spray characteristics and evaporation history of fuel spray in high temperature air crossflow

1986 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. ZHU ◽  
J. CHIN
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Fuel Spray ◽  
Spray Characteristics ◽  
History Of

TIN

Alloy Digest ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Collapsible Tubes ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
History Of ◽  
Important Constituent ◽  
Varied History

Abstract TIN is used as a coating on steel and on other metals and alloys. When alloyed with other metals, it is an important constituent in soft solders, collapsible tubes, pewter ware, costume jewelry, fusable pressure plugs, bronze and bearing linings. It has a long and varied history of commercial and ornamental uses. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness and creep. It also includes information on low and high temperature performance, and corrosion resistance as well as casting, forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Sn-5. Producer or source: World tin producers (ingots).

40 Ar— 39 Ar ages and irradiation history of Luna 24 basalts

1980 ◽  
Vol 297 (1428) ◽  
pp. 27-39 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Production Rate ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Spectral Information ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Surface Sample ◽  
History Of ◽  
Impact Events ◽  
The Way

The Luna 24 mission sampled a variety of lithologies in a single core. Two of these lithologies, a metabasalt (24196) and a crushed basalt (24170) have been subjected to 40 Ar- 39 Ar dating experiments to determine if metamorphism significantly post-dated basalt extrusion. The metabasalt exhibited symptoms of both solar wind contamination and 39 Ar recoil; in view of these effects an age may only be defined by making extreme assumptions. High temperature release fractions give an age of 3.36 ± 0.11 Ga, while the cumulate 40 Ar/ 39 Ar ratio gives 3.14 ± 0.16 Ga; both are comparable with the basalt (24170) age and suggest that the metabasalts represent thermally penecontemporaneously metamorphosed flow margins, rather than the products of later impact events. The feldspar from the microgabbro yielded an age of 3.37 ± 0.20 Ga. The ratios of cosmogenic 38 Ar to Ca in pyroxene and feldspar are within error identical, indicating that 38 Ar production from Fe in the pyroxene is small. This is the first definitive use of Fe-produced 38 Ar as a spectral hardness indicator and implies that the microgabbro received much of its cosmic ray exposure at depth in the regolith. By taking account of the dependence of 38 Ar production rate with depth it is inferred that the microgabbro layer was deposited within the last 350-500 Ma. By implication, the regolith layers above the microgabbro at the Luna 24 site are younger. The metabasalt has an identical cosmogenic 38 Ar/Ca ratio; however, because of the decrease of production rate with depth it could have experienced a 20 % pre-exposure before deposition of the microgabbro. Spectral information has also been obtained from a reappraisal of published argon data and indicates a much harder spectrum for a near surface sample. The way in which the Ca- and Fe-produced 38 Ar e follow the broad trend of the instantaneous production profiles suggests that the regolith at the Luna 24 site has been relatively undisturbed for much of the last 300 Ma.

scholarly journals A crystallographic study of crystalline casts and pseudomorphs from the 3.5 Ga Dresser Formation, Pilbara Craton (Australia)

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 1050-1058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fermin Otálora ◽  
A. Mazurier ◽  
J. M. Garcia-Ruiz ◽  
M. J. Van Kranendonk ◽  
E. Kotopoulou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Geological History ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mineral Phase ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Crystallographic Study ◽  
History Of ◽  
Degree Of Confidence ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Pilbara Craton

Crystallography has a long history of providing knowledge and methods for applications in other disciplines. The identification of minerals using X-ray diffraction is one of the most important contributions of crystallography to earth sciences. However, when the crystal itself has been dissolved, replaced or deeply modified during the geological history of the rocks, diffraction information is not available. Instead, the morphology of the crystal cast provides the only crystallographic information on the original mineral phase and the environment of crystal growth. This article reports an investigation of crystal pseudomorphs and crystal casts found in a carbonate-chert facies from the 3.48 Ga-old Dresser Formation (Pilbara Craton, Australia), considered to host some of the oldest remnants of life. A combination of X-ray microtomography, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and crystallographic methods has been used to reveal the original phases of these Archean pseudomorphs. It is found with a high degree of confidence that the original crystals forming in Archean times were hollow aragonite, the high-temperature polymorphs of calcium carbonate, rather than other possible alternatives such as gypsum (CaSO4·2H20) and nahcolite (NaHCO3). The methodology used is described in detail.

Commercial gigahertz-class NMR magnets

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Wikus ◽  
Wolfgang Frantz ◽  
Rainer Kümmerle ◽  
Patrik Vonlanthen
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
High Temperature Superconductors ◽  
Proton Resonance Frequency ◽  
Proton Resonance ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
Structure Of Molecules ◽  
Control Food ◽  
History Of ◽  
University Of Florence ◽  
The University

Abstract Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a wide-spread analytical technique which is used in a large range of different fields, such as quality control, food analysis, material science and structural biology. In the widest sense, NMR is an analytical technique to determine the structure of molecules. At the time of writing this manuscript, commercial NMR spectrometers with a proton resonance frequency ≥ 900 MHz are only available from Bruker. In 2019, Bruker installed the first 1.1 GHz (25.8 T) NMR spectrometer at the St. Jude Children Research Hospital in Memphis, Tennessee, followed by the installation of the first 1.2 GHz (28.2 T) NMR spectrometer at the University of Florence in Italy in 2020. These were the first commercial NMR spectrometers operating at magnetic fields in excess of what can be achieved with conventional low temperature superconductors, and which depend on high temperature superconductors to generate the required magnetic field. In this paper, the requirements on commercial NMR magnets are discussed and the history of high-field NMR magnets is reviewed. Bruker’s R&D program for 1.1 and 1.2 GHz NMR magnets and spectrometers will be described, and some of the key properties of these first commercial NMR magnets with high-temperature superconductors are reported.

Effect of Fuel Spray Inclinations on Spray Characteristics in a Port Fuel Injected Engine - A CFD Study

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sureshkumar ◽  
Ganesan V ◽  
J M Mallikarjuna ◽  
Srinivasan Govindarajan
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Spray ◽  
Spray Characteristics

Successful History of Cementing and Zonal Isolation in Thailand’s High Temperature Offshore Wells

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Brandl ◽  
Vincentius Valentino ◽  
Guillaume Fauchille ◽  
Aung Min Thein ◽  
Rick Stanley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
History Of ◽  
Zonal Isolation

An Experimental Study on Modeling of Fuel Atomization for Simulating the Idle Regime of a Gas Turbine Combustor by Atmospheric Testing

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeoung Min Han ◽  
Min Soo Yoon ◽  
Woo Seok Seol ◽  
Dae Sung Lee ◽  
Victor I. Yagodkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Fuel Spray ◽  
Main Stage ◽  
Gas Turbine Combustor ◽  
Spray Characteristics ◽  
Fuel Atomization ◽  
Fuel Nozzle ◽  
Loading Parameter ◽  
The Cost

An experimental investigation is carried out on modeling of fuel atomization for the purpose of simulating the idle regime of a gas turbine combustor through atmospheric testing. If the simulation is successfully applied, it will significantly reduce the cost of testing. The simulation must sustain nearly the same fuel spray characteristics and the same aerodynamics at the exit of the frontal device. Air assisting through the main stage of a dual orifice fuel nozzle is employed to match the fuel spray characteristics. Optical diagnostic methods including flow visualization and Adaptive Phase/Doppler Velocimetry are used for the investigation of spray characteristics. Once the fuel spray characteristics are matched by air assisting, the combustor characteristics may then be matched by maintaining the loading parameter constant. The possibility of modeling with air assisting is shown and appropriate conditions for air assisting are found.

High-temperature homogenization behaviour of some sodic mieroperthites

1975 ◽  
Vol 40 (309) ◽  
pp. 59-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Parsons
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Critical Composition ◽  
History Of ◽  
Temperature Homogenization

SummaryWhile undergoing 'dry' homogenization at 980°C the 2̄01 X-ray reflections of sodic lowalbite- microcline microperthites show that phase compositions recapitulate (but in a reverse timesense) the unmixing history of ordered feldspars about a solvus with a critical composition near 26 mole per cent KAlSi3O8.

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