Space station on-orbit identification and performance monitor

1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. METTLER ◽  
M. MILMAN ◽  
G. RODRIGUEZ ◽  
A. TOLIVAR
Keyword(s):  
Space Station ◽  
Performance Monitor ◽  
And Performance

scholarly journals Self-Assembly of Protein Fibrils in Microgravity

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-26
Author(s):  
Dylan Bell ◽  
Samuel Durrance ◽  
Daniel Kirk ◽  
Hector Gutierrez ◽  
Daniel Woodard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Insoluble Protein ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Aggregation Processes ◽  
Protein Fibrils ◽  
Model Protein ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Protein Fibril

AbstractDeposits of insoluble protein fibrils in human tissue are associated with amyloidosis and neurodegenerative diseases. Different proteins are involved in each disease; all are soluble in their native conformation in vivo, but by molecular self-assembly, they all form insoluble protein fibril deposits with a similar cross β-sheet structure. This paper reports the results of an experiment in molecular self-assembly carried out in microgravity on the International Space Station (ISS). The Self-Assembly in Biology and the Origin of Life (SABOL) experiment was designed to study the growth of lysozyme fibrils in microgravity. Lysozyme is a model protein that has been shown to replicate the aggregation processes of other amyloid proteins. Here the design and performance of the experimental hardware is described in detail. The flight experiment was carried to the ISS in the Dragon capsule of the SpaceX CRS-5 mission and returned to Earth after 32 days. The lysozyme fibrils formed in microgravity aboard the ISS show a distinctly different morphology compared to fibrils formed in the ground-control (G-C) experiment. The fibrils formed in microgravity are shorter, straighter, and thicker than those formed in the laboratory G-C experiment. For two incubation periods, (2) about 8.5 days and (3) about 14.5 days, the average ISS and G-C fibril diameters are respectively: \matrix{{Period\,2} \hfill & {} \hfill & {{D_{ISS}} = 7.5{\rm{nm}} \pm 31\% ,} \hfill \cr {} \hfill & {\rm and} \hfill & {{D_{G - C}} = 3.4{\rm{nm}} \pm 31\%} \hfill \cr {Period\,3} \hfill & {} \hfill & {{D_{ISS}} = 6.2{\rm{nm}} \pm 33\% ,} \hfill \cr {} \hfill & {\rm and} \hfill & {{D_{G - C}} = 3.6{\rm{nm}} \pm 33\% .}}

scholarly journals Effects of Spaceflight Stressors on Brain Volume, Microstructure and Intracranial Fluid Distribution

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica K Lee ◽  
Vincent Koppelmans ◽  
Ofer Pasternak ◽  
Nichole E Beltran ◽  
Igor S Kofman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Bed Rest ◽  
Fluid Distribution ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Brain Changes ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Astronauts are exposed to elevated CO2 levels onboard the International Space Station (ISS). Here, we investigated structural brain changes in 11 participants following 30-days of head-down tilt bed rest (HDBR) combined with 0.5% ambient CO2 (HDBR+CO2) as a spaceflight analog. We contrasted brain changes observed in the HDBR+CO2 group with those of a previous HDBR sample not exposed to elevated CO2. Both groups exhibited a global upward shift of the brain and concomitant intracranial free water (FW) redistribution. Greater gray matter changes were seen in the HDBR+CO2 group in some regions. The HDBR+CO2 group showed significantly greater FW decrements in the posterior cerebellum and the cerebrum than the HDBR group. In comparison to the HDBR group, the HDBR+CO2 group exhibited greater diffusivity increases. In half of the participants, the HDBR+CO2 intervention resulted in signs of Spaceflight Associated Neuro-ocular Syndrome (SANS), a constellation of ocular structural and functional changes seen in astronauts. We therefore conducted an exploratory comparisoncompared between subjects that did and did not develop SANS and found asymmetric lateral ventricle enlargement in the SANS group. These results enhance our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of spaceflight-induced brain changes, which is critical for promoting astronaut health and performance.

scholarly journals Opposite response of blood vessels in the retina to 6° head-down tilt and long-duration microgravity

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Taibbi ◽  
Millennia Young ◽  
Ruchi J. Vyas ◽  
Matthew C. Murray ◽  
Shiyin Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Space Station ◽  
Bed Rest ◽  
Vascular Density ◽  
Vascular Response ◽  
Mixed Effects Modeling ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Fluid Shifts ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The One

AbstractThe Spaceflight Associated Neuro-ocular Syndrome (SANS), associated with the headward fluid shifts incurred in microgravity during long-duration missions, remains a high-priority health and performance risk for human space exploration. To help characterize the pathophysiology of SANS, NASA’s VESsel GENeration Analysis (VESGEN) software was used to map and quantify vascular adaptations in the retina before and after 70 days of bed rest at 6-degree Head-Down Tilt (HDT), a well-studied microgravity analog. Results were compared to the retinal vascular response of astronauts following 6-month missions to the International Space Station (ISS). By mixed effects modeling, the trends of vascular response were opposite. Vascular density decreased significantly in the 16 retinas of eight astronauts and in contrast, increased slightly in the ten retinas of five subjects after HDT (although with limited significance). The one astronaut retina diagnosed with SANS displayed the greatest vascular loss. Results suggest that microgravity is a major variable in the retinal mediation of fluid shifts that is not reproduced in this HDT bed rest model.

Performance and Operational Issues at the Boardman Coal Plant

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. T. Rodgers
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Performance Monitoring ◽  
Flow Monitoring ◽  
Time Performance ◽  
Coal Analysis ◽  
Plant Operations ◽  
Performance Monitor ◽  
Coal Flow ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Operational Issues

The keys to reliable and efficient coal fired power plant operations are combustion and performance monitoring. For this to occur it is necessary for the plant staff to have adequate tools that will enable them to make intelligent decisions. Success in this endeavor is insured with proper instrumentation, vigilant operations and a real time performance monitor. This paper will cite efforts made toward combustion improvements through the use of pulverizer coal flow enhancements, coal flow monitoring instrumentation and simple coal analysis trending. This paper will also provide examples of the value of a real time performance monitor as a tool for monitoring, identifying and addressing plant efficiency. Examples of the unique capability of tube leak identification using the plant’s performance monitor will be presented.

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