Operational and control display concepts for flight management systems in new generation transport aircraft

1983 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. ADAMS
Keyword(s):  
Management Systems ◽  
Transport Aircraft ◽  
New Generation ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals Early Antibody Responses to Experimental Mycobacterium bovis Infection of Cattle

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 648-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Waters ◽  
M. V. Palmer ◽  
T. C. Thacker ◽  
J. P. Bannantine ◽  
H. M. Vordermeier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Skin Testing ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Immunoblot Analysis ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Mycobacterial Antigens ◽  
New Generation ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT Bovine tuberculosis persists as a costly zoonotic disease in numerous countries despite extensive eradication and control efforts. Sequential serum samples obtained from Mycobacterium bovis-infected cattle were evaluated for seroreactivity to mycobacterial antigens. Animals received M. bovis by aerosol, intratonsil, intranasal, or intratracheal inoculation. Assays included the multiantigen print immunoassay for determination of antigen recognition patterns, immunoblot analysis for sensitive kinetic studies, and the VetTB STAT-PAK test, a novel, rapid test based on lateral-flow technology. Responses to MPB83 were detected for all M. bovis-infected animals regardless of the route or strain of M. bovis used for inoculation. Other less commonly recognized antigens included ESAT-6, CFP-10, and MPB70. Responses to MPB83 were detectable as early as 4 weeks after inoculation, were boosted upon injection of purified protein derivatives for skin testing, and persisted throughout the course of each of the four challenge studies. MPB83-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) was detected prior to MPB83-specific IgG detection; however, early IgM responses rapidly waned, suggesting a benefit of tests that detect both IgM- and IgG-specific antibodies. The VetTB STAT-PAK test detected responses in sera from 60% (15/25) of the animals by 7 weeks after challenge and detected responses in 96% (24/25) of the animals by 18 weeks. These findings demonstrate the potential for new-generation antibody-based tests for the early detection of M. bovis infection in cattle.

A Review of Switched Inertance Hydraulic Converter Technology

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenggang Yuan ◽  
Min Pan ◽  
Andrew Plummer
Keyword(s):  
Power Management ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
New Technology ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Hydraulic Power ◽  
Controlled Systems ◽  
Hydraulic Machines ◽  
And Control

Digital hydraulics is a new technology providing an alternative to conventional proportional or servovalve-controlled systems in the area of fluid power. Research is driven by the need for highly energy efficient hydraulic machines but is relatively immature compared to other energy-saving technologies. Digital hydraulic applications, such as digital pumps, digital valves and actuators, switched inertance hydraulic converters (SIHCs) and digital hydraulic power management systems, all promise high energy efficiency. This review introduces the development of SIHCs and evaluates the device configurations, performance and control strategies that are found in current SIHC research, particularly focusing on the work being undertaken in last 15 years. The designs for highspeed switching valves are evaluated, and their advantages and limitations are discussed. This article concludes with some suggestions for the future development of SIHCs.

scholarly journals Efficiency Evaluation of the Ejector Cooling Cycle using a New Generation of HFO/HCFO Refrigerant as a R134a Replacement

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bartosz Gil ◽  
Jacek Kasperski
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Condensation Temperature ◽  
Evaporation And Condensation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Theoretical Investigations ◽  
Maximum Coefficient ◽  
C 30 ◽  
New Generation ◽  
And Control

Theoretical investigations of the ejector refrigeration system using hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) and hydrochlorofluoroolefin (HCFO) refrigerants are presented and discussed. A comparative study for eight olefins and R134a as the reference fluid was made on the basis of a one-dimensional model. To facilitate and extend the possibility of comparing our results, three different levels of evaporation and condensation temperature were adopted. The generator temperature for each refrigerant was changed in the range from 60 °C to the critical temperature for a given substance. The performed analysis shown that hydrofluoroolefins obtain a high efficiency of the ejector system at low primary vapor temperatures. For the three analyzed sets of evaporation and condensation temperatures (te and tc equal to 0 °C/25 °C, 6 °C/30 °C, and 9 °C/40 °C) the maximum Coefficient of Performance (COP) was 0.35, 0.365, and 0.22, respectively. The best performance was received for HFO-1243zf and HFO-1234ze(E). However, they do not allow operation in a wide range of generator temperatures, and, therefore, it is necessary to correctly select and control the operating parameters of the ejector.

Smart Temperature Sensors

2019 ◽  
pp. 223-250
Author(s):  
Ashraf A. Zaher
Keyword(s):  
Weather Forecast ◽  
Temperature Sensors ◽  
Consumer Electronics ◽  
Data Logging ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Scada Systems ◽  
New Generation ◽  
And Control ◽  
Measurement And Control

Many real-world applications depend on temperature sensing and/or control. This includes a wide range of industrial processes, chemical reactors, and SCADA systems, in addition to other physical, mechanical, and biological systems. With the advancement of technology, it became possible to produce a new generation of smart and compact temperature sensors, which are capable of providing digital outputs that are more accurate, robust, and easily interfaced and integrated into measurement and control systems. This chapter first surveys traditional analog temperature sensors, such as RTDs and thermocouples, to provide a strong motivation for the need to adopt better and smarter techniques that mainly rely on digital technology (e.g., CMOS designs). Different interfacing techniques that do not need ADCs are introduced, including the programmable Arduino microcontrollers. Different applications will be explored that include automotive accessories, weather forecast, healthcare, industrial processing, firefighting, and consumer electronics. Both wired and wireless technologies, including the IoT, will be investigated as means for transmitting the sensed data for further processing and data logging. A special case study to provide information redundancy in industrial SCADA systems will be analyzed to illustrate the advantages and limitations of smart temperature sensors. The chapter concludes with a summary of the design effort, accuracy, performance, and cost effectiveness of smart temperature sensors while highlighting future trends in this field for different applications.

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