United Kingdom satellite command and control facility

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. LLOYD ◽  
U. NOLTE
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Command And Control ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Facility

Environmental Offences: The Reality of Environmental Crime

2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 190-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Watson
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Command And Control ◽  
Environmental Crime ◽  
Voluntary Agreements ◽  
Economic Instruments ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Control Regulation ◽  
The Law ◽  
And Control

Economic instruments, informational devices, voluntary agreements and command and control regulation are just some of the techniques modern states use to protect the environment. The last of these — command and control — is sometimes dismissed as an increasingly obsolete strategy. It is often alleged that environmental offences are not ‘real’ crimes. They are merely ‘quasi-criminal’ regulatory offences. This article rejects this view. It argues that environmental crime is a serious and growing problem. It examines fly-tipping in the United Kingdom and claims that environmental offenders often have very strong financial incentives to break the law. It claims that fines are currently too low and that serious consideration should be given to the increased use of civil and administrative penalties.

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