Electric propulsion activities outside of the United States

1967 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. GUMAN
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Electric Propulsion ◽  
The United States

Electric propulsion research and technology in the United States

1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. HUDSON ◽  
R. VONDRA ◽  
T. COCHRAN ◽  
E. PAWLIK
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Electric Propulsion ◽  
The United States

Computer Aided Methodology for the Optimization of an Electric Motorcycle Suspension

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dany Pabón Villamizar ◽  
Sebastián Roa Prada
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Electric Propulsion ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
The United States ◽  
Suspension System ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Lumped Parameter Model ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Resonance Frequencies

Abstract There are almost 9 million motorcycles registered only in the United States, while in other much smaller countries such as Colombia, this number can exceed 8 million. However, the population of Colombia is about six times smaller than the population in the United States. This demonstrates that for many people around the world, motorcycles are a great transportation method, which at the same time can provide a solution to the problems of urban traffic and scarcity of parking space. In addition to the problems associated with traffic, there are also public health problems related to the air pollution generated by internal combustion engines in motor vehicles. The issue of greenhouse gases emission from motor vehicles is being tackled by electric propulsion systems. The massive use of electric vehicles can have a strong positive impact in the quality of life of people and the environment. Therefore, electric motorcycles can become an optimal solution for transportation, by reducing the problems of urban traffic and space, while also being friendly with the environment. Two ways to help popularizing these vehicles are by reducing their cost and improving their performance. This work focuses on the optimization of the suspension system which is one of the key components of a motorcycle. The main function of the suspension system is to provide safety and comfort to the riders, two conditions that must be guaranteed in a good design. This article proposes a methodology for the optimal design of a motorcycle suspension, considering the different phases of development, starting with the geometric design, where the different parameters are determined for the front suspension, such as Rake Angle and Trail, and for the rear suspension, such as the inclination and the geometry of the swing arm system. Next, the detailed design is carried out, making sure that the elements of the suspension coincide with the dimensions at the attachment points to the chassis. Once all the geometry is available, the kinematic analysis is carried out, to assess the behavior of the system during the wheel trip. A structural analysis is performed to evaluate stresses, stiffness and resonance frequencies of the system, and to evaluate the minimum safety factor of the structure under the action of typical loads. With the final geometry of the system, a lumped parameter model can be obtained to rapidly observe its transient behavior under the effect of different irregularities that may be encountered on the road, which lead to the optimization of the parameters that offer greatest comfort to the rider. This set of parameters was used as inputs for the representation of the system in the physical modeling simulation interface Simmechanics® to generate final performance graphs. The results obtained with this methodology covered the different aspects that must be considered in the design of an important part of a transportation system such as an electric motorcycle.

Correlative microscopy in distrubuted (client/server) computing environments: tools for catalyzing the rapid dissemination of information about the cell biology of the human prostate

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 682-683
Author(s):  
A. Hakam ◽  
J.T. Gau ◽  
M.L. Grove ◽  
B.A. Evans ◽  
M. Shuman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Tissue Bank ◽  
The United States ◽  
Prostate Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Correlative Microscopy ◽  
Client Server ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
Transplant Organ

Prostate adenocarcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of men in the United States and is the third leading cause of death in men. Despite attempts at early detection, there will be 244,000 new cases and 44,000 deaths from the disease in the United States in 1995. Therapeutic progress against this disease is hindered by an incomplete understanding of prostate epithelial cell biology, the availability of human tissues for in vitro experimentation, slow dissemination of information between prostate cancer research teams and the increasing pressure to “ stretch” research dollars at the same time staff reductions are occurring.To meet these challenges, we have used the correlative microscopy (CM) and client/server (C/S) computing to increase productivity while decreasing costs. Critical elements of our program are as follows:1) Establishing the Western Pennsylvania Genitourinary (GU) Tissue Bank which includes >100 prostates from patients with prostate adenocarcinoma as well as >20 normal prostates from transplant organ donors.

Digital image acquisition, processing, and analysis in a polymer microscopy laboratory

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 454-455
Author(s):  
Vinod K. Berry ◽  
Xiao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Image Analysis ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Image Acquisition ◽  
Image Transmission ◽  
The United States ◽  
Quantitative Image Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Image

In recent years it became apparent that we needed to improve productivity and efficiency in the Microscopy Laboratories in GE Plastics. It was realized that digital image acquisition, archiving, processing, analysis, and transmission over a network would be the best way to achieve this goal. Also, the capabilities of quantitative image analysis, image transmission etc. available with this approach would help us to increase our efficiency. Although the advantages of digital image acquisition, processing, archiving, etc. have been described and are being practiced in many SEM, laboratories, they have not been generally applied in microscopy laboratories (TEM, Optical, SEM and others) and impact on increased productivity has not been yet exploited as well.In order to attain our objective we have acquired a SEMICAPS imaging workstation for each of the GE Plastic sites in the United States. We have integrated the workstation with the microscopes and their peripherals as shown in Figure 1.

Silence of the Land: On the Historical Irrelevance of Territory to Congressional Districting and Political Representation in the United States

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 53-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Rehfeld
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
House Of Representatives ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Representative Government ◽  
Congressional District ◽  
Congressional Districts ◽  
Communities Of Interest

Every ten years, the United States “constructs” itself politically. On a decennial basis, U.S. Congressional districts are quite literally drawn, physically constructing political representation in the House of Representatives on the basis of where one lives. Why does the United States do it this way? What justifies domicile as the sole criteria of constituency construction? These are the questions raised in this article. Contrary to many contemporary understandings of representation at the founding, I argue that there were no principled reasons for using domicile as the method of organizing for political representation. Even in 1787, the Congressional district was expected to be far too large to map onto existing communities of interest. Instead, territory should be understood as forming a habit of mind for the founders, even while it was necessary to achieve other democratic aims of representative government.

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