Time-Dependent Analysis of Nonequilibrium Nozzle Flows with Complex Chemistry

Abstract We consider the time-dependent analysis of Bd→ KSℓℓ taking into account the time-evolution of the Bd meson and its mixing into $$ {\overline{B}}_d $$ B ¯ d . We discuss the angular conventions required to define the angular observables in a transparent way with respect to CP conjugation. The inclusion of time evolution allows us to identify six new observables, out of which three could be accessed from a time-dependent tagged analysis. We also show that these observables could be obtained by time-integrated measurements in a hadronic environment if flavour tagging is available. We provide simple and precise predictions for these observables in the SM and in NP models with real contributions to SM and chirally flipped operators, which are independent of form factors and charm-loop contributions. As such, these observables provide robust and powerful cross-checks of the New Physics scenarios currently favoured by global fits to b → sℓℓ data. In addition, we discuss the sensitivity of these observables with respect to NP scenarios involving scalar and tensor operators, or CP-violating phases. We illustrate how these new observables can provide a benchmark to discriminate among the various NP scenarios in b → sμμ. We discuss the extension of these results for Bs decays into f0, η or η′.

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General Anaesthesia Shifts the Murine Circadian Clock in a Time-Dependant Fashion

Clocks & Sleep ◽

10.3390/clockssleep3010006 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 87-97

Author(s):

Nicola M. Ludin ◽

Alma Orts-Sebastian ◽

James F. Cheeseman ◽

Janelle Chong ◽

Alan F. Merry ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Circadian Clock ◽

General Anaesthesia ◽

Wheel Running ◽

Phase Shifts ◽

Time Dependent ◽

Suprachiasmatic Nuclei ◽

Response Curves ◽

Inhalational Anaesthetic ◽

Locomotor Rhythms ◽

Time Dependent Analysis

Following general anaesthesia (GA), patients frequently experience sleep disruption and fatigue, which has been hypothesized to result at least in part by GA affecting the circadian clock. Here, we provide the first comprehensive time-dependent analysis of the effects of the commonly administered inhalational anaesthetic, isoflurane, on the murine circadian clock, by analysing its effects on (a) behavioural locomotor rhythms and (b) PER2::LUC expression in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the mouse brain. Behavioural phase shifts elicited by exposure of mice (n = 80) to six hours of GA (2% isoflurane) were determined by recording wheel-running rhythms in constant conditions (DD). Phase shifts in PER2::LUC expression were determined by recording bioluminescence in organotypic SCN slices (n = 38) prior to and following GA exposure (2% isoflurane). Full phase response curves for the effects of GA on behaviour and PER2::LUC rhythms were constructed, which show that the effects of GA are highly time-dependent. Shifts in SCN PER2 expression were much larger than those of behaviour (c. 0.7 h behaviour vs. 7.5 h PER2::LUC). We discuss the implications of this work for understanding how GA affects the clock, and how it may inform the development of chronotherapeutic strategies to reduce GA-induced phase-shifting in patients.

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Correlations between crude oil and stocks prices of renewable energy and technology companies: A multiscale time-dependent analysis

Energy ◽

10.1016/j.energy.2021.119800 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 221 ◽

pp. 119800

Author(s):

Hongli Niu

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Crude Oil ◽

Time Dependent ◽

Time Dependent Analysis

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