Modification of Orthostatic Tolerance with Periodic Lower Body Negative Pressure

AIAA Journal ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 751-754
Author(s):  
D. B. CRAMER
Keyword(s):  
Negative Pressure ◽  
Lower Body Negative Pressure ◽  
Orthostatic Tolerance ◽  
Lower Body

Hemodynamic Strategies in Blood Pressure Regulation During Orthostatic Challenge in Women

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-367
Author(s):  
Tania L. Culham ◽  
Gabrielle K. Savard
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Negative Pressure ◽  
Lower Body Negative Pressure ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Orthostatic Tolerance ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Orthostatic Challenge ◽  
Carotid Baroreflex

Several studies indicate that carotid baroreflex responsiveness is a good predictor of orthostatic tolerance. Two groups of healthy women with high (HI) and low (LO) carotid baroreflex responsiveness were studied (a) to determine any differences in the level of orthostatic tolerance of the two groups, and (b) to study the hemodynamic strategies used by HI and LO responders to regulate arterial pressure during the orthostatic challenge of lower body negative pressure (LBNP). Orthostatic tolerance was similar between the two groups, whereas the hemodynamic strategies recruited to maintain blood pressure at −40 mmHg LBNP differed: HI responders exhibited greater LBNP-induced decreases in stroke volume and cardiac output, as well as a greater increase in peripheral resistance compared to LO responders (p < .05). In addition, a significant increase in plasma renin activity during LBNP was found in the HI responders only. No significant between-group differences were found in arterial and cardiopulmonary control of vascular resistance or arterial haroreflex control of heart rate during LBNP. Key words: arterial pressure, carotid baroreceptor, lower body negative pressure, orthostatic tolerance, stroke volume

Lower body negative pressure exercise plus brief postexercise lower body negative pressure improve post-bed rest orthostatic tolerance

2007 ◽  
Vol 103 (6) ◽  
pp. 1964-1972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald E. Watenpaugh ◽  
Deborah D. O'Leary ◽  
Suzanne M. Schneider ◽  
Stuart M. C. Lee ◽  
Brandon R. Macias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Pressure ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Orthostatic Intolerance ◽  
Lower Body Negative Pressure ◽  
Bed Rest ◽  
Orthostatic Tolerance ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Head Up Tilt

Orthostatic intolerance follows actual weightlessness and weightlessness simulated by bed rest. Orthostasis immediately after acute exercise imposes greater cardiovascular stress than orthostasis without prior exercise. We hypothesized that 5 min/day of simulated orthostasis [supine lower body negative pressure (LBNP)] immediately following LBNP exercise maintains orthostatic tolerance during bed rest. Identical twins (14 women, 16 men) underwent 30 days of 6° head-down tilt bed rest. One of each pair was randomly selected as a control, and their sibling performed 40 min/day of treadmill exercise while supine in 53 mmHg (SD 4) [7.05 kPa (SD 0.50)] LBNP. LBNP continued for 5 min after exercise stopped. Head-up tilt at 60° plus graded LBNP assessed orthostatic tolerance before and after bed rest. Hemodynamic measurements accompanied these tests. Bed rest decreased orthostatic tolerance time to a greater extent in control [34% (SD 10)] than in countermeasure subjects [13% (SD 20); P < 0.004]. Controls exhibited cardiac stroke volume reduction and relative cardioacceleration typically seen after bed rest, yet no such changes occurred in the countermeasure group. These findings demonstrate that 40 min/day of supine LBNP treadmill exercise followed immediately by 5 min of resting LBNP attenuates, but does not fully prevent, the orthostatic intolerance associated with 30 days of bed rest. We speculate that longer postexercise LBNP may improve results. Together with our earlier related studies, these ground-based results support spaceflight evaluation of postexercise orthostatic stress as a time-efficient countermeasure against postflight orthostatic intolerance.

Construction of a lower body negative pressure chamber

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben T. A. Esch ◽  
Jessica M. Scott ◽  
Darren E. R. Warburton
Keyword(s):  
Negative Pressure ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Lower Body Negative Pressure ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Pressure Chamber ◽  
Orthostatic Tolerance ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Important Research ◽  
Gravitational Stress ◽  
Design Plan

Lower body negative pressure (LBNP) is an established and important technique used to physiologically stress the human body, particularly the cardiovascular system. LBNP is most often used to simulate gravitational stress, but it has also been used to simulate hemorrhage, alter preload, and manipulate baroreceptors. During experimentation, the consequences of LBNP and the reflex increases in heart rate and blood pressure can be manipulated and observed in a well-controlled manner, thus making LBNP an important research tool. Numerous laboratories have developed LBNP devices for use in research settings, and a few devices are commercially available. However, it is often difficult for new users to find adequately described design plans. Furthermore, many available plans require sophisticated and expensive materials and/or technical support. Therefore, we have created an affordable design plan for a LBNP chamber. The purpose of this article was to share our design template with others. In particular, we hope that this information will be of use in academic and research settings. Our pressure chamber has been stress tested to 100 mmHg below atmospheric pressure and has been used successfully to test orthostatic tolerance and physiological responses to −50 mmHg.

scholarly journals Lower-body negative pressure/ergometer exercise in bed rest: Effects on female orthostatic tolerance

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 040-048
Author(s):  
Wang Linjie ◽  
Li Zhili ◽  
Tan Cheng ◽  
Wang Huijuan ◽  
Zhou Xiangjie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Pressure ◽  
Orthostatic Intolerance ◽  
Lower Body Negative Pressure ◽  
Bed Rest ◽  
Tilt Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Orthostatic Tolerance ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Interval Exercise ◽  
Ergometer Exercise

Introduction: Alternatively using gradient lower-body negative pressure (LBNP) and ergometer exercise (LBNP + ergo) under a flight schedule framework was explored to detect its orthostatic capacity maintenance effects in female subjects after 15 days of -6° head-down bed rest (HDBR). Methods: Twenty-two female university students were divided into a control group (n = 8), an LBNP group (n = 7), and an LBNP + ergo group (n = 7). Ergometer exercise consisted of an interval exercise protocol with 2 min intervals alternating between 41% and 70% VO2max. Gradient LBNP was decompressed in 10 mm Hg intervals to -40 mmHg every 5 min. intermittent ergometer exercise and LBNP were alternatively performed. Tilt test was performed 2 days before HDBR (R-2), on the day of HDBR termination (R+1), and 5 days after HDBR (R+5). Results: Fifty percent of the participants (11/22) did not pass the tilt test on R+1. The orthostatic tolerance time decreased from 20 to 16.1 ± 2.1 min in the control group, to 10.0 ± 2.7 min in the LBNP group (p = 0.01) and to 16.3 ± 2.0 min in the LBNP + ergo group. The HRs and BPs were at similar level among three groups during tilt test on different test days. Compared with the control group, the LBNP + ergo group had higher SV and CO percentage changes at R+1(p < 0.023) and R+5 (p < 0.00001) during the tilt test. Conclusion: LBNP combined with ergometer exercises fails to prevent orthostatic intolerance but it induced some positive hemodynamic changes during tilt test after 15 days HDBR.

Delayed vasoconstrictor response to venous pooling in the calf is associated with high orthostatic tolerance to LBNP

2010 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 996-1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Hachiya ◽  
M. L. Walsh ◽  
M. Saito ◽  
A. P. Blaber
Keyword(s):  
Blood Volume ◽  
Negative Pressure ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Lower Body Negative Pressure ◽  
Orthostatic Stress ◽  
Orthostatic Tolerance ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
High Tolerance ◽  
Venous Pooling ◽  
Vasoconstrictor Response

Central blood volume loss to venous pooling in the lower extremities and vasoconstrictor response are commonly viewed as key factors to distinguish between individuals with high and low tolerance to orthostatic stress. In this study, we analyzed calf vasoconstriction as a function of venous pooling during simulated orthostatic stress. We hypothesized that high orthostatic tolerance (OT) would be associated with greater vasoconstrictor responses to venous pooling compared with low OT. Nineteen participants underwent continuous stepped lower body negative pressure at −10, −20, −30, −40, −50, and −60 mmHg each for 5 min or until exhibiting signs of presyncope. Ten participants completed the lower body negative pressure procedure without presyncope and were categorized with high OT; the remaining nine were categorized as having low OT. Near-infrared spectroscopy measurements of vasoconstriction (Hachiya T, Blaber A, Saito M. Acta Physiologica 193: 117–127, 2008) in calf muscles, along with heart rate (HR) responses for each participant, were evaluated in relation to calf blood volume, estimated by plethysmography. The slopes of this relationship between vasoconstriction and blood volume were not different between the high- and low-tolerance groups. However, the onset of vasoconstriction in the high-tolerance group was delayed. Greater HR increments in the low-tolerance group were also observed as a function of lower limb blood pooling. The delayed vasoconstriction and slower HR increments in the high-tolerance group to similar venous pooling in the low group may suggest a greater vascular reserve and possible delayed reduction in venous return.

Neurohormonal responses to oscillatory lower body negative pressure in healthy subjects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akanksha Singh ◽  
Shival Srivastav ◽  
Kavita Yadav ◽  
Dinu S. Chandran ◽  
Ashok Kumar Jaryal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Pressure ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Lower Body Negative Pressure ◽  
Lower Body
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