Hot-spot ignition of condensed phase energetic materials

1996 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 680-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Bonnett ◽  
P. Barry Butler
Keyword(s):  
Condensed Phase ◽  
Energetic Materials ◽  
Hot Spot

COMBUSTION OF ENERGETIC MATERIALS GOVERNED BY REACTIONS IN THE CONDENSED PHASE

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valery P. Sinditskii ◽  
Viacheslav Yu. Egorshev ◽  
Valery V. Serushkin ◽  
Anton I. Levshenkov ◽  
Maxim V. Berezin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Condensed Phase ◽  
Energetic Materials

Thermal Decomposition of Energetic Materials 26. Simultaneous Temperature Measurements of the Condensed Phase and Rapid-Scan FT-IR Spectroscopy of the Gas Phase at High Heating Rates

1987 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 1147-1151 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Cronin ◽  
T. B. Brill
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Condensed Phase ◽  
Energetic Materials ◽  
Buffer Gas ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Decomposition Products ◽  
Gaseous Products ◽  
Rapid Scan ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Better Than

Rapid-scan infrared spectroscopy (RSFT-IR) with better than 100-ms temporal resolution has been used to quantify the gas decomposition products of energetic materials in real time at various heating rates up to 800°C/s and under buffer gas pressures of 1 to 1000 psi. A new method is described that permits simultaneous real-time recording of the temperature of the condensed phase and of the IR spectra of the gaseous products under the above conditions. Endothermic and exothermic events in the condensed phase can now be correlated with the evolved gases under conditions approaching those of combustion. The design and procedure for using the cell are given and are applied to the thermolysis of 1,7-diazido-2,4,6-trinitro-2,4,6-triazaheptane (DATH) and pentaery-thrityltetrammonium nitrate (PTTN).

Hot Spot Histories in Energetic Materials

1992 ◽  
Vol 296 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Mellor ◽  
D. A. Wiegand ◽  
K. B. Isom
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spots ◽  
Energetic Materials ◽  
Ignition Temperature ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Original Form ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Shock Impact ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Hot Spot Formation ◽  
Spot Formation

AbstractInterest in the mechanisms by which hot spots either grow to sustained reaction or are quenched results from the observation that the energy required to ignite a propellant or explosive can be significantly less than that needed to bulk heat a test specimen uniformly to its ignition temperature. This result is independent of the original form of non-thermal energy and has been used to interpret data for shock, impact, friction and electrostatic discharge (ESD) stimuli. We present new flowcharts which include 1) events resulting in hot spot formation and 2) subsequent pathways which lead to sustained reaction or quenching. The mechanism appears capable of categorizing and demonstrating the similarities and differences between hot spot growth or quenching, for impact and ESD stimuli. Sample confinement and temperature and stimulus duration are the independent variables whose roles are particularly clarified in the mechanism.

Importance of Polarization in Simulations of Condensed Phase Energetic Materials

1999 ◽  
Vol 103 (44) ◽  
pp. 9392-9393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Johnson ◽  
Thanh N. Truong
Keyword(s):  
Condensed Phase ◽  
Energetic Materials

Molecular Composition, Structure, and Sensitivity of Explosives

1992 ◽  
Vol 296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlyle B. Storm ◽  
James R. Travis
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Energetic Materials ◽  
Physical State ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Energetic Material ◽  
Specific Situation ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Delayed Reaction

AbstractHigh explosives, blasting agents, propellants, and pyrotechnics are all metastable relative to reaction products and are termed energetic materials. They are thermodynamically unstable but the kinetics of decomposition at ambient conditions are sufficiently slow that they can be handled safely under controlled conditions. The ease with which an energetic material can be caused to undergo a violent reaction or detonation is called its sensitivity. Sensitivity tests for energetic materials are aimed at defining the response of the material to a specific situation, usually prompt shock initiation or a delayed reaction in an accident. The observed response is always due to a combination of the physical state and the molecular structure of the material. Modeling of any initiation process must consider both factors. The physical state of the material determines how and where the energy is deposited in the material. The molecular structure in the solid state determines the mechanism of decomposition of the material and the rate of energy release. Slower inherent reaction chemistry leads to longer reaction zones in detonation and inherently safer materials. Slower chemistry also requires hot spots involved in initiation to be hotter and to survive for longer periods of time. High thermal conductivity also leads to quenching of small hot spots and makes a material more difficult to initiate. Early endothermic decomposition chemistry also delays initiation by delaying heat release to support hot spot growth. The growth to violent reaction or detonation also depends on the nature of the early reaction products. If chemical intermediates are produced that drive further accelerating autocatalytic decomposition the initiation will grow rapidly to a violent reaction.

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