Quantifying and Reducing International Space Station Vulnerability Following Orbital Debris Penetration

1999 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Williamsen ◽  
Kevin Blacklock ◽  
Hilary J. Evans ◽  
Thomas D. Guay
Keyword(s):  
International Space Station ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Orbital Debris ◽  
International Space

Consequences of micrometeoroid/orbital debris penetrations on the International Space Station

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilary J. Evans ◽  
James L. Hyde ◽  
Eric L. Christansen ◽  
Dana M. Lear
Keyword(s):  
International Space Station ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Orbital Debris ◽  
Space Vehicles ◽  
International Space ◽  
Manned Spacecraft ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Software Code ◽  
The Many

Abstract Risk from micrometeoroid and orbital debris (MMOD) impacts on space vehicles is often quantified in terms of the probability of no penetration (PNP). However, for large spacecraft, especially those with multiple compartments, a penetration may have a number of possible outcomes. The extent of the damage (diameter of hole, crack length or penetration depth), the location of the damage relative to critical equipment or crew, crew response, and even the time of day of the penetration are among the many factors that can affect the outcome. For the International Space Station (ISS), a Monte-Carlo style software code called Manned Spacecraft Crew Survivability (MSCSurv) is used to predict the probability of several outcomes of an MMOD penetration—broadly classified as loss of crew (LOC), crew evacuation (EVAC), loss of escape vehicle (LEV), and nominal end of mission (NEOM). By generating large numbers of MMOD impacts (typically in the hundreds of billions) and tracking the consequences, MSCSurv allows for the inclusion of a large number of parameters and models as well as enabling the consideration of uncertainties in these models and parameters. MSCSurv builds upon the results from NASA’s Bumper software (which provides the probability of penetration and critical input data to MSCSurv) to allow analysts to estimate the probability of LOC, EVAC, LEV, and NEOM. This paper provides an overview of the methodology used by NASA to quantify LOC, EVAC, LEV, and NEOM with particular emphasis on describing in broad terms how MSCSurv works and its capabilities and most significant models.

Human factors assessment of International Space Station (ISS) medical equipment packs

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Paige Smith ◽  
Vicky E. Byrne ◽  
Cynthia Hudy ◽  
Mihriban Whitmore
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
International Space Station ◽  
Medical Equipment ◽  
Space Station ◽  
International Space
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