scholarly journals Paleopathological peculiarities of the Lower Volga Sauromates

2020 ◽  
pp. 171-183
Author(s):  
Evgenii Vladimirovich Pererva
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Skeletal Remains ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

This article discusses the paleopathological peculiarities of nomadic population of Sauromates, which originated from the kurgan burials of the Lower Volga region. The skeletal remains of 20 individuals were examined. In the process of work with anthropological material, was applied a standard program for assessing the instance of pathological conditions on skeleton developed by A. P. Buzhilova (1995, 1998). The national scholars of Soviet and post-Soviet period (B. N. Grakov, K. F. Smirnov, D. A. Machinsky, V. E. Maksimenko, M. G. Moshkova) dealt with the problems of genesis, periodization and evolution of the culture of the Lower Volga Sauromates. The history of anthropological examination of the nomads of the Lower Volga region of the VI – V centuries BC is scarce. This research is the first attempt for analyzing the pathological conditions on skeletal remains of the Lower Volga Sauromates. Paleopathological studies of skeletal remains of the nomads of the VI – V centuries BC from the territory of Lower Volga have not been conducted prior to that. Paleoanthropological materials are introduced into the scientific discourse for the first time. Some sculls of Sauromatian period have traces of unnatural deformation. The revealed pathologies on the anthropological materials of population of the VI – IV centuries BC from the territory of Lower Volga allow including it into the group of nomadic cultures of the Early Iron Age. The anthropological materials of the VI – IV centuries BC show evidence of using the skills of primitive medicine, as well as the knowledge of military field surgery.

scholarly journals Paleopathological peculiarities of the population of timber-grave (Srubnaya) culture of the Late Bronze Age originating from the burials of Archedino-Chernushensky Kurgan group

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Evgenii Vladimirovich Pererva ◽  
Aleksandr Vladimirovich Sitnikov
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Skeletal Remains ◽  
The Body ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
First Time

Skeletal remains from the burials of timber-grave period of the Late Bronze Age originating from kurgans of the Archedino-Chernushensky group served as the material for this research. The archaeological monument is located in the territory of the Frolovsky Municipal District of Volgograd Oblast. The remains of 12 individuals (6 adults, 4 children, and 2 adolescents) were explored. In the course of this research, the author applied the method of account for the occurrence of discretely varying traits on the skull and bones of postcranial skeleton, as well as evaluation program for dissemination of pathological characteristic developed by the national researchers A. A. Movsesyan, E. V. Pererva, A. P. Buzhilova. The archaeological explorations of group Archedino-Chernushensky Kurgan group were carried out in 2020. Therefore, the acquired anthropological materials are introduced into the scientific discourse for the first time. The author was able to establish that the equal number of children and adult burials can be attributed to timber-grave period. The examined skeletal remains of the Late Bronze Age of the Lower Volga Region demonstrate the signs of episodic stress (enamel hypoplasia) and distribution of diseases related to the deficiency of microelements in the body (porosis of the diaphysis in individuals who did not reach the age of puberty). The records of such type of deviations on anthropological materials of deviations indicates chronic stress associated with systematic occurrences of famine, which is natural for the population of the Late Bronze Age of the Lower Volga Region, who were involved in mixed farming. The excavations reveal the series of injuries of household and battle nature among adult population. The prevalent burial method of timber-grave culture Archedino-Chernushensky Kurgan group of appears to be the cremation ritual.   

scholarly journals The Population of the Bronze Age of the Lower Volga Region in the Works of Russian Anthropologists

2019 ◽  
pp. 205-223
Author(s):  
Evgeny Pererva ◽  
Alexandr Djachenko
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Bronze Age

Introduction. This work is a review of scientific publications on studying paleoanthropological materials of the Bronze Age originating from burial mounds of the Lower Volga region. Materials and Analysis. The paper begins with the analysis of articles and monographic studies of domestic authors, whose works were written in the period from the 30s to the late 80s of the 20th century. The so-called Soviet period in Russian anthropology is characterized by the dominance of the individual-typological approach in describing skeletal series of representatives of the Bronze Age cultures. The osteological collections from burial complexes of the Bronze Age of the Lower Volga region accumulated at this stage of the study were distinguished by a small number and low representativeness. The main conclusions were based on studying craniological samples. A great contribution to developing ideas on the racial and ethnic history of the Lower Volga region during this period was made by researchers G.F. Debets, V.V. Gizburg, V.I. Vuich, B.V. Firshtein, A.V. Shevchenko. The second part of the article is devoted to analyzing the results of anthropological research in the region in the works of modern Russian scientists.A distinctive feature of these works is that they are based on studying large-scale craniological series of broad temporal and territorial coverage. The studies of such scientists as A.A. Khokhlov, E.F. Batieva, A.A. Kazarnitsky, M.A. Balabanova use the complex approach in which classical methods of physical anthropology (craniology, osteology) are combined with the methods of statistical analysis and using data from Archaeology, Paleodemography, and Paleoecology. Results. The work shows the importance of using anthropological data as an independent source in paleohistorical constructions, as well as in the process of the archaeological study of various cultures of the Bronze Age that existed in the Lower Volga region.

scholarly journals Trepanations in Sauromato-Sarmatian Crania from the Lower Volga

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-148
Author(s):  
E. V. Pererva ◽  
N. Y. Berezina ◽  
M. V. Krivosheev
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
First Millennium ◽  
Medical Traditions

We describe artificial openings in crania of the Early Iron Age nomads of the Lower Volga region, owned by the Moscow State University’s Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology. Such openings were found in two male specimens of the Sauromato-Sarmatian age from Bykovo (burial 4, kurgan 13) and Baranovka (burial 2, kurgan 21). Using macroscopic and X-ray examination, we attempt to identify the surgical techniques and the reasons behind the operations. The cranial vault of the Bykovo individual was trepanned by scraping and cutting, for medical purposes. The man survived the surgery, as evidenced by healing. In the case of Baranovka, the operation was performed postmortem or peri-mortem by drilling and cutting, possibly for ritual purposes. Collating these cases with others relating to the Early Iron Age nomadic (Sauromato-Sarmatian) culture of the Lower Volga region and adjacent territories and with written and archaeological sources suggests that the closest parallels come from Central Asia, and Southern and Western Siberia, where the custom of post-mortem ritual trepanations was very common. The surgical techniques practiced in the Lower Volga region were likely due to the penetration of Greek and Roman medical traditions in the mid-first millennium BC.

scholarly journals Paleopathology Data on the Early Sarmatians of 4th – 3rd Centuries BC from the Lower Volga Region

2020 ◽  
pp. 74-91
Author(s):  
Evgeniy Pererva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
Standard Assessment ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Male Part ◽  
Culture Development ◽  
Continental Climate

The main idea of the article is to study paleoanthropological materials of the nomads dating back to the 4th – 3rd centuries BC from the territory of the Lower Volga region using paleopathological methods. The reason for addressing this topic was an attempt to identify pathological features of the early nomads from the Sarmatian epoch due to the existence of the problem of identifying monuments of 4th – 3rd centuries BC. The standard assessment program of pathological conditions on postcranial skeleton and skull bones developed by A.P. Buzhilova was applied in the course of work with the anthropological material [Buzhilova, 1995; 1998]. The main material for the current study was the bone remains of 16 individuals originating from burials under the barrows of early Sarmatian era within the territory of the Lower Volga region, dated 4th – 3rd centuries BC. As a result of the conducted research it was established that there is a common genetic origin, which unites all nomads of the early Iron Age of the South Russian steppes for the Savromatian-Sarmatian tribes. Furthermore, the settlement of population across the Volgograd Trans-Volga region in the 4th – 3rd centuries BC happened by the arrival of mainly male part of the population who adopted successfully to the negative environmental factors. The diet of the Sarmatians of the early Sarmatian culture development was based on meat and dairy products. A striking feature of the Sarmatians of the 4th – 3rd centuries BC is a lack of signs of inflammatory processes, which indicates an insignificant density of nomadic groups migrating to the Trans-Volga steppes. The high frequency rate of injuries and signs of exposure to low temperatures was detected among early Sarmatians compared to the nomads from a later period may be a result of a complex political situation provoked by a difficult environmental situation due to extremely continental climate and its aridization at that epoch.

Children's Library of the Lower Volga Region in 1920-1930th years

2010 ◽  
pp. 106-112
Author(s):  
Svetlana A. Bekmurzaeva
Keyword(s):  
Children’S Literature ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Children's Books ◽  
Children’S Books ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Youth Education ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
First Time

The Role of children's libraries and children's literature in socialization of the growing generation of 1920th in Saratov and Astrakhan regions is given in this work. Basing on the analysis of a wide range of the sources, a lot of which have been introduced into the scientific usage for the first time, the major directions of libraries work are characterized, the forms and methods of their activities, the ways of distribution of children's books and the control for fulfillment of the party decisions are described. Features of functioning controllable model of the Soviet structure such as libraries being an important part of the system, called to execute mission of political enlightenment and youth education are researched.

scholarly journals Technology elements of growing of savory and giant hyssop in the Lower Volga Region

2012 ◽  
pp. 41-43
Author(s):  
Y.K. Zemskova ◽  
E.B. Lyalina ◽  
N.B. Suminova
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
First Time

The production of environmentally safe agricultural products, such as foods and raw material for perfumery, cosmetology, and pharmacological industry is very important today. For the first time the morphological and technological features of spicy-flavor savory and giant hyssop were studied in the condition of Lower Volga Region. The efficiency of the cultivation of these crops in chernozemic zone has been shown.

scholarly journals Nomads of the Lower Volga Region in the second half of the 3rd — 4th c. AD based on bioarchaeological data

2021 ◽  
pp. 93-104
Author(s):  
E.V. Pererva ◽  
M.V. Krivosheev
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Assessment Program ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
Standard Assessment ◽  
Negative Factors ◽  
Late Group

This paper represents an attempt to conduct a bioarchaeological study of the anthropological materials of the Late Sarmatian period from burials of the late 3rd — 4th c. AD in the Lower Volga Region. The examined group consisted of osteological remains of 24 individuals. The standard assessment program of skeletal pathological conditions and univariate and multivariate statistics methods were applied. The study has shown that the series from the late 3rd — 4th c. AD nomadic burials of the Lower Volga Region is generally compatible with the Sarma-tian group of the late 2nd — early 3rd c. AD and that of the late Sarmatian time. Yet, there are identifiable differ-ences in the late group, which must be related to negative factors associated with the environmental changes during that period.

scholarly journals Anthropological Composition of the Population of the Early Iron Age from the Lower Volga Region (According to the Materials of the Kurgan Group of Krivaya Luka)

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-55
Author(s):  
Mariya Balabanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
Profile Line ◽  
Current Article ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Upper Level

The article is devoted to the craniological materials of the early Iron Age from the kurgans of Krivaya Luka tract in the Astrakhan region, which were excavated during ten field seasons. The rich anthropological material was obtained as a result of the excavations studied by A.V. Shevchenko, A.A. Kazarnitskiy, M.A. Balabanova, L.T. Yablonskiy. The anthropological materials of the Early Iron Age consisted of 85 skulls are studied in the current article using the traditional method of simple and multivariate statistics. As a result of the study, it was found out that the morphological appearance of cultural-chronological groups is similar to the rest of the synchronous population both from other burials grounds of the Lower Volga region and from adjacent territories. The Sarmatian type or the type of the ancient Eastern Caucasian is inherent for a small group of the pre-Savromatian period, as well as for the groups of the Savromatian and Early Sarmatian period. A small Middle Sarmatian male group demonstrates the combinations that characterize the subsequent Late Sarmatian population – the type of long-headed Caucasians. Whereas the female craniological type of the Late Sarmatian time is characterized by a set of features that define it as a Mongoloid-Caucasian mestizo. Both the total group of skulls and individual cultural-chronological groups turned out to be heterogeneous in terms of the intragroup structure. The anthropological type of the Early Iron Age population who left burials in the Krivaya Luka tract demonstrates diachronic variability, which was apparently associated with migrations. However, in the pre-Savromatian period, in comparison with the Late Bronze Age, this territory was occupied mostly by the type of ancient Eastern Caucasians which combines a mesobrachicranial lowvaulted cerebral box with a wide face, the horizontal profiling of which at the upper level is weakened, and the nose protruding sharply towards the profile line. The latter type remained there until the start of the Common era, and starting from the Middle Sarmatian time it changed to the type of long-headed Caucasians, which is associated with the penetration of alien groups. Among these migrants, apparently, there were also found carriers of the mixed Mongoloid-Caucasian complex.

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